Name KEY Date points Unit 3 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _b 1. Ninety seven percent of the world s water resources are found in a. Fresh water c. Ice caps and glaciers b. Salt water d. groundwater _d 2. Earth s surface water is found in? a. lakes c. Rivers b. streams d. all of the above a 3. Which of the following is source of point pollution? a. Leaking fuel tank at a gas station c. Precipitation containing air pollution b. Runoff from city streets d. Runoff from farms a 4. Animal feces would be classified as which type of water pollutant? a. pathogens c. Inorganic matter b. Organic matter d. Heavy metals b 5. How much of the Earth s water is fresh? a. 1 % c. 77 % b. 3 % d. 97 % d 6. Which of the following statements helps to explain why fresh water is a limited resource? a. Most of the Earth s water is salt water c. Most of the Earth s fresh water is not liquid water usable by humans b. About 71% of the Earth s surface is d. Both a and c covered by water a 7. A rock s ability to allow the flow of water through it is called a. Permeability. c. Recharge. b. Porosity. d. Distribution. b 8. Disease causing organisms that can pollute water resources are called a. Permeables. c. Mutagens. b. Pathogens. d. Poisons. c 9. Water Treatment involves the addition of to disinfect the drinking water. a. mercury. c. chlorine. b. lead. d. salt. b 10. is the introduction of chemical, physical, and biological agents into water. a. Thermal pollution c. Desalinification b. Water pollution d. Biomagnification 1
d 11. is a process by which increasing amounts of toxins are stored in the bodies of organisms as toxins move up the food chain. a. Thermal pollution c. Desalinification b. Water pollution d. Biomagnification _a 12. The Clean Water Act of 1972 was created in order to a. Improve water quality so US citizens c. Reduce the amount of mercury in Tuna. could again enjoy swimming and fishing. b. Reduce the number of oil tankers in the d. Catch pollution violators dumping car Atlantic Ocean. parts illegally. _c 13. Most of the pollutants in the ocean come from a. Commercial boats and personal c. Activities on land. watercraft. b. Spills from oil tankers. d. Leaking underground storage facilities. a 14. The largest watershed in the USA is the. a. Mississippi River c. Colorado River b. Susquehanna River d. Rio Grande c 15. Which of the following is a source of nonpoint pollution? a. Leaking gasoline tank c. Runoff from Biosolids spread on a farm as fertilizer b. Polluted waste-water from a chemical plant d. Leaking oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico b 16. Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth s surface? a. geosphere c. atmosphere b. hydrosphere d. lithosphere b 17. Where is most of the fresh water on Earth located? a. in reservoirs and lakes c. in oceans b. in ice caps and glaciers d. in streams and tributaries b 18. Ocean water than fresh water. a. freezes at a higher temperature c. supports fewer fish b. contains more salts d. is less abundant a 19. Deep currents flow along the a. ocean floor. c. thermocline. b. ocean surface. d. halocline. a 20. Surface currents circulate in different directions, depending on the in which they occur. a. hemisphere c. hydrosphere b. troposphere d. biosphere c 21. Which of the following is the layer of the ocean extending from the base of the thermocline to the bottom of the ocean? a. surface layer c. deep zone b. thermocline d. bottom zone d 22. Mercury ions dissolved in well water would be classified as which type of water pollution? a. pathogens c. Inorganic matter b. Organic matter d. Heavy metals 2
c 23. What is an underwater rock formation that holds water? a. Recharge zone c. aquifer b. dam d. watershed d 24. Currents at the surface of the ocean are driven by a. tectonic plates. c. salinity. b. gravity. d. wind. b 25. Sewage sludge a. is a solid matter that clogs storm drains c. is not hazardous. b. is the small amount of residue left after d. is used as fed for farm animals. water is treated Completion Complete each statement. 26. Surface Water is fresh water on Earth s land surface. 27. As streams and rivers move across the land, they form a flowing network of water called a River System. 28. The area of land that is drained by a river is known as a Watershed. 29. Porosity is the amount of space between the particles that make up a rock. 30. The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it is called permeability.material such as gravel that allow the flow of water are permeable. Materials such as clay or granite that stop the flow of water are impermeable. 31. _Point Source Pollution which is pollution discharged from a single source can be demonstrated in water pollution coming from a factory, a wastewater treatment plant, or a leaking oil tanker. 32. Waste Water is water that contains waste from homes or industry. 33. Eighty-five percent of ocean pollution including pollutants such as oil, toxic wastes, and medical wastes comes from activities on land. 34. The Cuyahoga River was so polluted with petroleum and petroleum byproducts that it caught on fire and burned in 1969 leading to the Clean Water Act of 1972. 3
35. Biomagnification of Mercury metal in tuna is one reason why many Japanese scientists limit the amount of fish that they have in their diet. 36. The Clean Water Act of 1972 stated purpose was to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the nation s waters. 37. The Minimum Lethal Dose is a measure of the grams poison per 150 pound man. It is used to describe how much of the heavy metal is required to affect the health of a human. 38. Electrically charged atoms are called ions. 39. The classic case of mercury metal ion poisoning in a modern industrial society occurred in the Japanese town of Minamata between the years of 1953 and 1959. 40. The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources is known as the water cycle. 41. The salinity of sea water is a measure of the quantity of dissolved salts. 42. The World Ocean is a single, large, interconnected body of water that covers 70 percent of Earth s surface. 43. The ocean both absorbs and releases heat energy than land does. 44. Small streams and rivers that flow into larger ones are called a river system. 45. During evaporation, liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor. 47. When currents in the ocean flow past land, they influence the climate of the region. 48. The process that occurs when water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles is known as condensation. 4
Essay Questions : Answer in complete sentences for full credit 49. Describe the distribution of water on Earth. Where is most of the fresh water located? Most of the water on Earth is salt water found in the oceans. The largest % of the fresh water is found in the ice caps and glaciers. Fresh water is also found in Earth s surface in rivers and lakes and below the surface in aquifers. 50. Explain why fresh water is considered a limited resource. Fresh water is considered a limited resource because it makes up a very small % of water of the Earth, 3%, the % available for human use is even smaller 23% of 3% 51. Explain why pollution in a watershed poses a potential threat to the river system that flows through it. Any pollution in a watershed can enter a river system when rainfall carries the pollution across the Earth s surface and into rivers from farms and treated lawns 52. Describe the major sources of ocean pollution, and explain the effects of pollution on ecosystems. Major sources of ocean pollution are pathogens, organic (matter) and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals and physical agents are all considered nonpoint sources. An example of how ocean pollution could affect ecosystems would be biomagnification which is an increase in a concentration of the toxin or pollutants in a food chain. If mercury metal enters an ocean ecosystem it is taken in by the smallest organisms such as plankton. The plankton is then eaten by small fish, which is eaten by a larger fish which is then eaten by tuna where the mercury metal is concentrated in their muscle. 53. Explain why point-source pollution is easier to control than nonpoint-source pollution. Point source pollution is relatively easy to control because the source of the pollution is known. Nonpoint source pollution comes from many different sources, sot the is source is difficult to identity 54. Describe 2 ways in which Satellites orbiting Earth in space are assisting environmental scientists. Some examples : Satellites orbiting in space are assisting environemtal scientists by 1.) measuring the amount othe sun s energy reaching the Earth 2.) monitoring the realtionshbetween the sunlight and water in the water cycle 3.) tracking the size and strength of hurricanes 5
4.) observing global weather patterns 5.) observing Antartica s impact on global temperatures and ocean currents 6.) by measuring the impact of ice packs formation on Antartica on ocean salinity 7.) measuring and mapping the ocean s floor 55. Explain how a Thermograms can be used by environmental scientists to observe changes on Earth. Give a specific example. Thermograms can be used by Environmental Scientist to observe changes in Earth by using a color spectrum in any image to represent variations in environmental factors. Examples: distribution of land vegetation and chlorophyll concentrations in the oceans; ocean surface temperatures to explain local climate; distribution of radioactive emissions into the Pacific Ocean from Japanese nuclear power plants; movement of the water surface water from lower latitudes to higher latitudes impacting regional climate ; distribution of heat within a classroom environment demonstrates that the colder parts of the classroom are located near the windows leading to suggestions of improvement in the building insolation for better energy efficiency. 6