STANDARD 6.0- DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONFLICT BET WEEN TRADITIONALISM AND PROGRESSIVISM IN THE 1920S AND THE ECONOMIC COLLAPSE AND THE POLITICAL RESPONSE TO THE ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE 1930S Opening: Complete pages 227-230 in your Reading Study Guide. What you do not finish should be completed for homework. Work Period: FDR s New Deal Notes Activity: Circle Map Great Depression Notes Activity: Political Cartoon Closing: Quiz
OBJECTIVE Analyze President Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal as a response to the economic crisis of the Great Depression
A NEW DEAL FIGHTS THE DEPRESSION The 1932 presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change Republicans renominated Hoover despite his low approval rating The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt
ROOSEVELT WINS OVERWHELMING VICTORY Democrat Roosevelt, known popularly as FDR, was a 2-term governor of New York FDR was a distant cousin of Teddy Roosevelt The Democrats also won huge victories in the house and senate Greatest Democratic victory in 80 years FDR easily won the 1932 election
FDR LAUNCHES NEW DEAL FDR promised a new deal of relief and recovery for the American people He took office with a flurry of activity known as The Hundred Days The 100 Days lasted from March to June 1933
FDR S NEW DEAL Three R s: Relief, Recovery and Reform NOT an attempt to introduce socialism! (Many argue that capitalism was saved) Alleviated some suffering and offered hope, but did not solve the problems of the Depression. Massive government spending during World War II actually ended the Depression.
TO DO LIST: #1- HELP BANKS First order of business was to get the banking system in order On March 5, one day after taking office, FDR declared a bank holiday His first fireside chat he encouraged people to trust in banks. He persuaded Congress to pass the Emergency Relief Act, which authorized the Treasury Department to inspect the nation s banks
AMERICANS GAIN CONFIDENCE IN BANKS Next, FDR passed the Glass- Steagall Act which established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The FDIC insured account holders up to $5,000 and set strict standards for banks to follow (today = $250,000) Regulations were also placed on the stock market to prevent the conditions that led to the crash (Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Federal Securities Act: Required stock info to be accurate and truthful Agricultural Adjustment Act: (AAA) Raised crop prices by lowering production. Actually hurt sharecroppers and tenant farmers by taking some farm land out of production. Tennessee Valley Authority: (TVA) Built dams to generate electricity which created jobs for thousands of people
TV A
MORE ALPHABET AGENCIES CCC Civilian Conservation Corps put young men to work ages 18 to 25 building roads, parks, planting trees (200 million trees in Dust Bowl areas) By 1942 three million men worked for the CCC CCC crew clearing a roadside, Boise National Forest, Idaho
ALPHABET AGENCIES PWA workers construct a public building in Hartford, Connecticut PWA Public Works Administration built bridges, hospitals, schools and air fields. WPA-Works Progress Administration provided work to thousands of writers, artists and actors and set the precedent for federal support of the arts
Choose one of the New Deal programs and create a circle map defining/describing that program. ACTIVITY ONE
CRITICS EMERGE-LIBERALS Liberals (left) felt FDR s program was NOT doing enough to redistribute income and help the elderly and poor Labor unions wanted right to bargain collectively Typically workers and labor unions
CRITICS EMERGE-CONSERVATIVES Conservatives (right) felt that government intervention was TOO much and interfered with our free market economy (socialist) and too expensive. Compared him to fascist leaders in Europe because he placed too much power in the federal government. Typically wealthy business owners
SUPREME COURT REACTS The Supreme Court -- 1935 By the mid-1930s, the conservative Supreme Court struck down several New Deal programs as unconstitutional (citing too much government control over industry) The Court also struck down the AAA on the grounds that agricultural was a local matter -- not a federal matter
FDR REGAINS CONTROL OVER SUPREME COURT From the mid to late 1930s, FDR was able to appoint 7 new judges to the Supreme Court ( court-packing ), thus assuring that his programs would carry on unopposed Did not overturn any subsequent New Deal Reforms
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT One of the most important achievements of the New Deal era was the creation of the Social Security System The Social Security Act, passed in 1935, had 3 parts: Old-Age Pension Unemployment compensation Aid to families with dependent children & disabled (welfare)
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT Workers pay into the plan for protection against unemployment and retirement. Did not cover all workers, but became most significant and enduring part of New Deal. Did nothing to immediately aid the recovery from the Depression (took money from paychecks) Conservative critics say its evidence of going too far and laying the foundation for the welfare state.
CONGRESS PROTECTS WORKERS In 1938, Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act which set maximum hours at 44 per week and minimum wage at 25 cents per hour Fair Employment Practices Act gave workers right to unionize and bargain collectively
TAXES Large incomes and estate taxes as well as taxes on corporate profits were raised to fund New Deal programs Wealthy heavily criticized New Deal FDR responded by cutting spending in 1937 which led to the recession of 1937. Unemployment rates went back up
NEW DEAL AFFECTS MANY GROUPS Did not do enough to protect women and African Americans During Depression women had to use it up, wear it out, make it do or do without. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was relied on-championed Marian Anderson to give concert at Lincoln Memorial FDR appointed Frances Perkins as America s first female cabinet member (Labor) Eleanor & Franklin
NEW DEAL AFFECTS WOMEN Had to find work to help their families (some thought they were taking jobs from men) CCC limited to men, most programs hired men instead of women. Some allowed for a lower minimum wage for women SSA did not provide coverage for many women. Eleanor & Franklin
AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE NEW DEAL Last hired, first fired Suffered discrimination and racial hostility 48% were unemployed in 1933, not protected by New Deal programs Many were sharecroppers and tenant farmers CCC and TVA racially segregated
AFRICAN AMERICANS GAIN POLITICAL POSITIONS FDR appointed over 100 African Americans to positions within the government He regularly consulted the Black Cabinet Mary McLeod Bethune headed the division of Negro Affairs of the NYA Despite these gains, FDR was never fully committed to Civil Rights Bethune
AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE NEW DEAL After African Americans threatened a march on Washington, a commission was established to protect the rights of African American workers in wartime industries. More northern blacks began to vote for the Democratic Party.
THE NEW DEAL Recognized the role of labor unions Established minimum wage and maximum work hours Was a continuation of progressive movements Was a precursor to the reform movements of the 1960s
Complete Show what you know on page 104 of the Coach book. Remember, do not write in the book! ACTIVITY TWO
Quiz CLOSING