Name US Unit 3 Day 7 The Segregated South Warm-Up: Review Reconstruction Plans Write L for Lincoln s plan for Reconstruction and R for the Radical plan for Reconstruction. The North s approach to Reconstruction should be mild and forgiving. The North s approach to Reconstruction should involve teaching the South a harsh lesson. Amnesty should be granted to all Confederates who take an oath of loyalty to the Union. Amnesty should be granted only to those Confederates who take an oath that they had never supported the Confederacy in any way. A majority of eligible voters must take an oath to uphold the Constitution before a Confederate state can form a state government. As soon as 10% of those on the voting lists swear to uphold the Constitution, a Confederate state can form a state government. The President of the United States should be in charge of Reconstruction. The Congress should direct Reconstruction. African Americans should be given full citizenship, including the right to vote. Black Southerners should not be given the right to vote because it would be upsetting to white Southerners.
Review: Reconstruction Amendments Amendment 13 (1865) Section 1: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. This amendment served to the practice of slavery. States were forced to accept this amendment and to include the same ideas in their new state constitutions. Amendment 14 (1868) Section 1: All persons b or naturalized in the United States are of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without of the law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2: (Summary) If a state prevents certain citizens from voting, that state s representation in Congress may be. Section 3: (Summary) If a federal officeholder goes against his country or helps its enemies, that person can never hold a federal office again.unless 2/3 of both the Senate and House of Representatives decide to allow him to. Section 4: (Summary) All debts of the Confederate states are invalid and are not going to be paid. Section 5: (Summary) Congress shall have the power to enforce this. This amendment is probably the most amendment in U.S. history. It said that neither the federal government nor the states can deprive citizens of their rights. Due Process will continue to be spelled out. (i.e. Now due process means you get a phone call if you re arrested.) Problem: The 14 th amendment doesn t say anything about. Can John Doe of Georgia still deprive blacks from eating at his restaurant? Sure. He s not the state or federal government. This amendment said that if a state prevents certain citizens from voting, that state s in Congress will be reduced. Problem: It was never. Why? Think about it. There is not a law passed and the penal codes to the states weren t changed. How is Sheriff Billy Bob going to arrest someone if no has been passed? A Constitutional Amendment is NOT a law. A law has to be passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate before a state can enforce it.
XVIII. Ulysses S. Grant and Reconstruction A. Election of 1868 a. Republican Ulysses S. Grant vs. Democrat Horatio Seymour of NY b. Grant barely won and the Radical Republicans decided that blacks needed to vote or their political party had no chance hence, the proposal of the 15 th amendment. Amendment 15 (1870) Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This amendment aimed to make blacks able to. Problem: It is still a right of the state to determine voting qualifications. Sure, blacks had the RIGHT to vote. The South wasn t taking away that right. They just made it harder to exercise that right. And, once again, a Constitutional Amendment is not a law and most southern legislatures did NOT pass laws making things like grandfather clauses, literacy tests, and poll taxes illegal. B. Amnesty Act of 1872 a. returned the right to vote and hold office to 160,000 former confederates b. strengthened the Democratic party in the South C. Life in the South and Treatment of Blacks a. a. first started in 1866 by veterans of the Confederate army to keep the peace b. goal: resisting Reconstruction c. focused on intimidating carpetbaggers and scalawags and putting down the freed slaves d. organization was in decline from 1868-1870 and was crushed by President Grant s Force Act of 1870 and Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 e. 1915 a separate and new group was founded USE the PDF file An Inquiry on the Condition in the South to answer the following questions: 1. Why did Congress create the Joint Select Committee? 2. How were Republicans treated in the South? 3. What happened to James Hicks?
b. - Southern white controlled governments could pass laws without federal intervention that restricted the rights of former slaves c. economic arrangement in which a worker is given use of land, tools, and seed; repays the land owner by giving him ½ of his crop CROP-LIEN system d. : paid landowners in cash to farm land and then sell their harvest on the market e. : blacks signed labor contracts with former owners in order to get enough money to survive f. : blacks and whites lived apart g. Participation in politics a. Some blacks voted and participated in politics, but not a significant proportion of their population. Only 16 out of 125 Congressmen elected from the south during Reconstruction were black. b. Mississippi elected black senators: 1 st - Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce c. Former abolitionist Frederick Douglas from Rochester, NY was alarmed after the Civil War with the growing hostility toward black political and legal rights. He saw that blacks were free but still had no rights. USE the PDF file Hiram Revels to answer the following questions: 1. Why did Revels and other Reconstruction era office holders try to reassure whites? 2. Republicans were called radicals. Do Revels s views seem radical? Explain. 3. Why would Revels support for Mississippi Democrats alienate African Americans? h. The South was solidly democratic. They considered a white person who joined the Republican party to be disloyal and called them a scalawag.
D. Redemption 1873-1877- end of Reconstruction 1. Redeemers- Southern whites worked to reinstate white supremacy as the Republican party lost power in the states but racial segregation became the norm. USE the PDF file Slaughterhouse Cases to answer the following questions: 1. What were the Slaughterhouse Cases all about? 2. How did the Supreme Court interpret the 14 th amendment? 3. How did the ruling in the Slaughterhouse case signal a weakening of support for Reconstruction? 2. End of Reconstruction a. Rutherford Hayes (governor of Ohio) lost the popular vote in 1876 but won the election because all 20 of the disputed electoral votes were awarded to him by an electoral commission established by Congress. b. He ran against Democrat Samuel Tilden of New York. c. Why did the South accept Republican Rutherford Hayes as President? E. Plessy v. Ferguson Summarize the case and results.