Marilyn Crichlow INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 1 (IWRM)
Table of Contents Importance of Managing Water What are Water Resources Water Facts Water Resources in Trinidad and Tobago Competing Water Demands Hydrological Cycle What is Integrated Water Resources Management(IWRM)? IWRM a paradigm shift Why IWRM? Interdependency and need for IWRM 2
Table of Contents Fundamentals of IWRM Issues in IWRM The Thirteen Key IWRM Change Areas Process in Water Management Stakeholder Responsibilities 3
Importance of Managing Water Water Management is fundamental for sustainable development. Water Management affects inter alia sanitation, health, poverty alleviation, disaster reduction, ecosystem conservation. Water Management impacts the growing vulnerability that is induced by population changes, climate changes and variability, socio-economic issues and environmental degradation, which can result in increasing the frequency and severity of extreme events, including droughts and floods. 4
What are Water Resources? Rain Surface water Groundwater Desalination Water reuse 5
Water Facts Global water availability 29% groundwater 1% surface water Fresh water 3% 30 % Available 70 % Unavailable (frozen) 97 % salt water 6
Water Facts The water and sanitation crisis claims more lives through disease than any war claims through guns. More than 80% of sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and coastal areas. About 3.575 million people die each year from water related diseases. Conserving water helps not only to preserve irreplaceable natural resources, but also to reduce the strain on urban wastewater management systems. 7
Water Resources in Trinidad and Tobago Desalination 12% Groundwater 28% Surface water 60% 8
Competing Water Demands in Trinidad in 2000 Minor Industry 3% Major Industry 16% Agriculture 3% Unaccounted for water 41% Domestic 37% 9
The same water that existed on Earth billions of years ago still exists today. 10
Hydrological Cycle 11
Hydrological Cycle 12
What is Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)? A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. 13
IWRM Paradigm Shift The multiple goals and objectives are cross-cutting so that IWRM departs from the traditional sectoral approach. The spatial focus is on the river basin instead of on single water courses. It incorporates participatory decision-making among all stakeholders (i.e., inclusion versus exclusion) instead of narrow professional and political boundaries 14
Why IWRM Water is a limited(finite) and vulnerable resource that is essential for economic growth and environmental and social well-being. Water affects everyone, therefore managing this precious resource requires balancing the interests of the many different user groups and individuals to resolve conflicts. Promoting coordinated water resources management in a basin for all stakeholders will bring enormous benefits to society, the basin, and to individual stakeholders. Effective water resources management is inextricably linked to proper landuse planning and management. 17
Why IWRM In the context of small island developing states, it should not be separated from coastal area management. The freshwater resources are under increasing pressure by the same actions that we undertake for development. Water is in crisis and many persons lack access to adequate water supply and sanitation because of inadequate or improper practices rather than water shortages. 18
Interdependency and Need for IWRM Example: High irrigation demands and river pollution from agriculture reduce the amount of available freshwater for drinking or industrial use; contaminated municipal and industrial wastewater pollutes rivers and threatens ecosystems; and leaving river water untapped to protect fisheries and ecosystems means that less can be diverted to grow crops. IWRM recognizes this interdependency of water uses. Source: Cap-Net 2006 19
Fundamentals of IWRM Public education and awareness Public participation Holistic, cross-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approach Political will 20
Issues in IWRM Water Supply Water Resources Assessment and Management Water Abstraction and Allocation Stormwater Management Water Quality Management Watershed Protection and Management Land Use Planning and Management Water Use Conflict 21
Issues in IWRM Wastewater Management Water Reuse Drought and Flood Management Coastal Zone Management Water Security Climate Change Water Pricing Public Education and Awareness 22
The Thirteen Key IWRM Change Areas THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT 1. Policies setting goals for water use, protection and conservation. 2. Legislative framework the rules to enforce to achieve policies and goals. 3. Financing and incentives structures allocating financial resources to meet water needs. 23
The Thirteen Key IWRM Change Areas INSTITUTIONAL ROLES 4. Creating an organizational framework forms and functions 5. Institutional capacity building developing human resources 24
The Thirteen Key IWRM Change Areas MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS 6. Water resources assessments understanding resources and needs 7. Plans for IWRM combining development options, resources use and human interaction 8. Demand management using water more efficiently 9. Social change instruments encouraging a water oriented civil society 25
The Thirteen Key IWRM Change Areas MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS 10. Conflict resolution managing disputes, ensuring sharing of water 11. Regulatory instruments allocation and water use limits 12. Economic instruments using value and prices for efficiency and equity 13. Information management and exchange improving knowledge for better water management 26
Process in Water Management Assessment Protection Allocation Abstraction Water supply (potable and non-potable) Water use efficiency and conservation Wastewater Management Quantity and quality Watershed and land use management Determination of quantity uses Volume within sustainable yield Treatment, transmission and distribution Demand management, technology, efficient use Collection, treatment, reuse/disposal 27
Stakeholder Responsibilities Water Resources Agency - Water Resources Strategy and Master Plan - Water Resources Assessment - Allocation Plan - Establishment of Water Resources Policy - Water Resources Protection and Conservation Plan - Water Resources Stakeholder Coordination - National Water Resources Information Management 28
Stakeholder Responsibilities Water and Sewerage Authority - Water Supply and Wastewater Policies and Plans - Water use efficiency and Conservation Plan Meteorological Office (MET) - Climatic Forecasting Ministry of Planning - Land use plan and management - Regulating land development and zoning - National Physical Development Plan Institute of Marine Affairs (IMA) - Coastal Zone Management Plan 29
Stakeholder Responsibilities Environmental Management Authority - Standards and guidelines for Environmental quality - Environmental Impact Assessment and CEC - Environmental compliance and policing of the environment Ministry of Health - Public Health Monitoring Plan - Setting Standards for water quality Ministry of Energy & Energy Industries - Petroleum Exploration, Production and related downstream activities Water Use Plan - Mineral Extraction Plan (Quarrying) Drainage Division - Storm water management and flood infrastructure 30
Stakeholder Responsibilities Ministry of Agriculture - Irrigation Management Plan - Agriculture water use efficiency plan - Soil Conservation Plan Forestry - Watershed Management Plan Organization of Disaster Preparedness Management (ODPM) - Emergency management Plan for flooding Solid Waste Management Company - Solid Waste Management Plan Bureau of Standards - Standards and Guidelines 31
Development and Water Management Water Supply Wastewater Water Resources Erosion and Sedimentation Percentage Impervious Area Stormwater and Drainage 32
Development and Water Management Flooding and Floodplains Effluent Discharge Water Use Efficiency Compliance 33
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