FOOD GROWING DEMAND Berlin, Germany 16-18 January 2014 Conservation Agriculture in Argentina: Development and Perspectives AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEM Ing. Agr. Maria Beatriz (PILU) Giraudo Vice President Aapresid ARGENTINA giraudo@aapresid.org.ar
Aapresid s Mission ARGENTINIAN NO TILL FARMERS ASSOCIATION TopromotetheNo Tillsystemin order to achieve an economically, environmentally and socially sustainableagriculturalactivitybasedontechnological, organizational and institutional innovation, undertaking the commitment to interact with public and private organizations to achieveanintegral developmentof ournation.
CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE PARADIGM Virgin soil Structure Porosity Fertility SOM: 5-6% ROUTE FOLLOWED UNTIL THE PRESENT ATMOSPHERE CO2 R. Fogante/ 98 HUMAN FACTOR CURRENT SOIL Loss of fertility Loss of porosity Loss of structure SOM: 2-3% TILLAGE = DEGRADATION UNSUSTAINABLE SYSTEM PRODUCTION QUALITY WITH BIG AMOUNTS OF EXTERNAL INPUTS
Aapresid foundation-1989 La sustentabilidad como programa
NO TILL SYSTEM ROUTE TO FOLLOW NO TILL Virgin soil Structure Porosity Fertility SOM: 5-6% COVERED SOILS BIODIVERSITY PROPORTIONALLY LESS EXTERNAL INPUTS R. Fogante/ 98 HUMAN FACTOR CURRENT SOIL Loss of fertility Loss of porosity Loss of structure SOM: 2-3% ATMOSPHERE CO2
FOOD GROWING DEMAND
FARMER AGRONOMIST PIONEER
MR. HUGO O. GHIO s HISTORY 1890, the arrival from Italy Camilo Aldao, Cordoba province in the centro of Argentina 200 ha. 5 children, 32 grandchildren Agricultural and livestock production based on tillages From 1965 Continuos agriculture Mechanical harvesting From 1975 No Till system
Evolutionof NT surfacein Argentina 1977-2011 Aapresid GMOs
Field under crop rotation Typical Argiudol after 47 years of agriculture (last10 in No till) Croprotationin thepast10 years: 5 Wheat/Soy2-5 maize Infiltration Measurement Continuous Soybean Typical Argiudol after 50 years of agriculture (last10 in No till) Croprotationin thepast10 years: 9 Soy 1-1 maize In thefieldwithsoybeancereal rotation, water circulation was 80% higher thanthatin theonewith soybean as a monocrop Source: INTA Oliveros S. Bacigaluppo, 2005.
WATER USE AND USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERTILIZATION - LATE SOYBEAN 2006/07 Control S Treatment NP Treatment NPS Treatment NPS Reposition Phenological Stages S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF Total available Water (2.5m) Rainfall P to PM 134 185 330 107 186 276 82 211 318 41 220 277 10 186 293 793mm AW Planting (mm) 134 107 82 41 10 Consumption by Crop (mm) 597 624 557 557 510 Yield(kg/ha) 2684 4253 2596 4266 4499 Water Use Efficiency (kg of grain/mm) 4 7 5 8 9 Agr. Eng. Guillermo Beltramo AAPRESID Internship
WATER USE AND USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERTILIZATION MAIZE 2007/08 Control S Treatment NP Treatment NPS Treatment NPS Reposition Phenological Stages S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF Total available Water (2.5m) 278 58 34 276 52 31 270 54 81 259 40 30 271 43 60 Rainfall P to PM 274mm AW Planting (mm) 278 276 270 259 271 Consumption by Crop (mm) 518 519 463 503 485 Yield (kg/ha) 4,640 6,222 5,656 7,947 8,497 Water Use Efficiency (kg of grain/mm) 9 12 12 16 18 Rainfall 15 days before flowering 16mm Agr. Eng. Guillermo Beltramo AAPRESID Internship
SURFACE per crop MARCOS JUÁREZ county Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % 20 20 70 10 Average for the last 5 years: 4.22 Tn/ha/year SURFACE per crop MARCOS JUÁREZ county Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % 50 50 0 50 Average for the last 5 years: 10.02 Tn/ha/year
SURFACE per crop BRAGADO County Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % 16 16 66 16 Average for the last 5 years: 4.22 Tn/ha/year SURFACE per crop BRAGADO County Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % 50 50 0 50 Average for the last 5 years: 8.28 Tn/ha/year
NO TILL + GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FOOD GROWING DEMAND CROP ROTATIONS BALANCED NUTRITION INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBLE PHYTOSANITARY MANAGEMENT Better physical, chemical and biological soil conditions Increased soil biological activity and biodiversity Improved soil fertility and nutrients cycling Higher water use efficiency (less consumption and plus storage) Carbon sequestration Higher yields and increased yield stability
BIOlogía del Suelo y Producción Agraria Sustentable (Soil Biology and Sustainable Agricultural Production) Ministryof Scienceand Technology(MINCyT) + 1 NGO(AAPRESID) + 2 Companies NE + 12 Research Units GAP NSAP CONCLUSION GAP ismore similar tone thannsap and it is in between those situations
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOOD GROWING DEMAND
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE JV FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW COMPANIES Founded in 2001 by 23 argentinean farmer, all members of Aapresid 249 private shareholders, farmers from Latin America Shareholders and its team work an aproximate area of 2,5 mill ha in Latin America
Responsible advance of the agricultural frontier with the development of technologies adapted to the specific area FOOD GROWING DEMAND Avance frontera agrícola Aprovechamiento del agua dulce que se vierte al mar en forma permanente Interacción con INTA, Universidades
IfthiswastheEarth (total area50,9 billionsof hectares) USA 21% Argentina 20% Brasil 20% Australia 14% Canada 11% 8% CA 125 M ha* + 75 % in AMERICA (60 % South America) Overviewof global Spread of ConservationAgriculture, T. Firiedrich, R. Derpsch, A. Kassam, 2012 Global agricultural area (1,5 billions of hectares ~ 3%)
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 CO2 Alimentos Fibras Energía H2O AGUA SUELO AIRE 22
It is not matter of size, extensive and intensive familiar farmers can adapt the system to its productie, social and environment situation FOODcultural, GROWING DEMAND Private-public interaction importance in national and international scale CAAPAS http://www.caapas.org/ GPPS http://grupogpps.org/ ; GSP http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership/ o o o o o Government role to generate public politics to boost sustainable managment GAP incentives to guarantee food security and climate change mitigation Infraestructure investment Zoning and others regulations Bioenergy and added value promotion Others
THE 4th ELEMENT and SUSTAINABILITY ARGENTINIAN NO TILL FARMERS ASSOCIATION TopromotetheNo Tillsystemin order to achieve an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable agricultural activity basedontechnological, organizationaland institutional innovation, undertaking the commitment to interact with public and private organizationstoachieveanintegral developmentof ournation.
LOCALLY REGIONALLY GLOBALLY!!!! FOOD GROWING DEMAND THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!! SOIL + WATER + AIR SECURITY BIODIVERSITY CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOOD SECURITY