Module : Introduction of Sensor and Actuator in Control System

Module : Introduction of Sensor and Actuator in Control System

EXPERIMENT 3 INTRODUCTION OF SENSOR AND ACTUATOR IN CONTROL SYSTEM 3.1 PURPOSE Introduce photo sensor, proximity sensor, and area sensor Introduce actuator and plant in control system Introduce counter in control system 3.2 EQUIPMENT Photo Sensor BEN10M-TDT1 and BEN10M-TDT2 Photo Sensor BEN5M-MDT MS-2 Reflector Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Proximity sensor PR30-15DN Proximity sensor PR30-15DN2 Area sensor BWPK25-05 AC Motor Motor Controller Rotary Encoder E40S8-60-3-T Stepping Motor Driver KR-5MC/MD5-ND14 Stepping Motor A4K-S564 3.3 PREFACE System is a set of interacting component forming an integrated whole and work together to reach a specific goal. In order to reach the goal, it is needed a process that will become a temporary or continuous operation. A process has a goal or specific final condition used as success indicator of a system in process execution. Control system is a system that its component has been configured to produce desirable characteristics. Control system engineering is an appropriate development of component configuration to reach object performance. Important components of control system include controller, actuator, plant, sensor, and transducer. Controller is a component of control system which has a very important role. Controller produce control signal which become input of the plant thus the plant give appropriate response as desirable performance specification. Controller processes feedback signal and set point signal or error signal become control signal. Error signal is difference between feedback signal and set point signal. 3-1

3.3.1. Actuator In control system, many control signal produced by controller doesn t have enough power to drive the plant, thus an actuator is needed. Actuator is an amplifier and power converter used to amplify control signal of the controller become new signal with big and desirable power as needed by plant. Based on the produced power, actuator can be classified as electrical actuator, mechanical actuator, pneumatic actuator, and hydraulic actuator. 3.3.2. Sensor Sometimes output signal of the plant has different energy form input signal so they can t be compared, thus a sensor or transducer is needed to convert output signal energy form to become same energy form as input signal. Transducer is a physic component used to transform a signal from one energy form to another energy form or from one physical quantity to another physical quantity. Generally, transducer output is an electric signal, i.e. current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, or frequency. Basically, sensor is also transducer. Difference between sensor and transducer is in its application and use. 3.3.3. Photo sensor is a component or sensor which can detect light, the light can be infrared or the like, which transmitted by a transmitter called emitter, which has different wave length. Figure 3.1. Photo Sensor Proximity sensor is a sensor or switch that can detect the presence of targets (metal kind) without any physical contact. Its work principle is observing amplitude changes of a high frequency electromagnetic field area. Figure 3.2. Proximity sensor 3-2

Counter is a component which saves (and sometimes shows) several times of event or process happened, often in relation to clock signal. Main function of a timer is to measure time. When a timer is used to measure time, it will increase every one machine cycle. Every machine cycle needs 12 crystal pulses. Figure 3.3. Counter/Timer Rotary encoder or often called as encoder is an electro mechanic device that can change angle position or axis movement become analog or digital code. Figure 3.4. Rotary encoder Stepper motor is a type of brushless motor, electric synchronous motor that can divide a full rotation into many steps. Figure 3.5. Stepper motor 3.4. LITERATURE Pessen, David W., Industrial Automation: Circuit Design and Component. Haifa: John Wiley & Sons, Inc: 1989. Chapman, Stephen J, Electrical Machinery Fundamental, 4rd Edition, Mc Graw Hill Company, Singapore, 2005. Johnson, Curtis D. Process Control Instrumentation Technology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc: 1997. 9 th Total Catalogue Autonics. 3-3

3.5. EXPERIMENT 3.5.1. PHOTO SENSOR EXPERIMENT 1. Open Loop System Using Photo Sensor BEN10M-TDT1 and BEN10M-TDT2 Photo Sensor BEN10M-TDT1 and BEN10M-TDT2 Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Assemble photo sensor as shown in Figure 3.6 (ensure power supply is in off position) Figure 3.6. Photo sensor BEN10M-TDT combination Setting Counter/Timer CT6-2P module active in Counter-input A mode Write the experiment result in Table 3.1. 2. Open Loop System Using Photo Sensor BEN5M-MDT Figure 3.7. Photo sensor BEN5M-MDT combination 3-4

Photo Sensor BEN5M-MDT MS-2 Reflector Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Assemble sensor as shown in Figure 3.7 (ensure power supply is in off position) Setting Counter/Timer CT6-2P module active in Counter-input A mode Write the experiment result in Table 3.1. 3. Open Loop System Using Two Type of Photo Sensors as Input and Reset Figure 3.8. Photo sensor BEN5M-MDT and BEN10M-TDT combination Photo Sensor BEN10M-TDT1 dan BEN10M-TDT2 Photo Sensor BEN5M-MDT MS-2 Reflector Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Assemble sensor as shown in Figure 3.8 (ensure power supply is in off position) Setting Counter/Timer CT6-2P module active in Counter-input A mode Write the experiment result in Table 3.1. 3-5

Table 3.1. Photo sensor experiment result No. Experiment Work Principal 1. 2. 3. When reset: BEN10M-TDT1 and BEN10M-TDT2 When reset: Photo Sensor BEN5M-MDT and MS-2 Reflector 3.5.2. PROXIMITY SENSOR EXPERIMENT 1. Open Loop System Using Proximity Sensor PR30-15DN Figure 3.9. Proximity sensor combination Proximity Sensor PR30-15DN Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Assemble sensor as shown in Figure 3.9 (ensure power supply is in off position) Setting Counter/Timer CT6-2P module active in Counter-input A mode Write the experiment result in Table 3.2. 3-6

2. Open Loop System Using Two Type of Proximity Sensors as Input and Reset Figure 3.10. Two proximity sensors combination Work Step Proximity Sensor PR30-15DN Proximity Sensor PR30-15DN2 Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Assemble sensor as shown in Figure 3.10 (ensure power supply is in off position) Setting Counter/Timer CT6-2P module active in Counter-input A mode Write the experiment result in Table 3.2. Table 3.2. Proximity sensor experiment result No. Experiment Work Principal 1 Proximity Sensor PR30-15DN Proximity Sensor PR30-15DN2 2 When reset: Proximity sensor PR30-15DN When reset: Proximity sensor PR30-15DN2 3-7

3.5.3. AREA SENSOR EXPERIMENT 1. Open Loop System Using Area Sensor BWPK25-05 Figure 3.11. Area sensor combination Area Sensor BWPK25-05 Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Assemble sensor as shown in Figure 3.11 (ensure power supply is in off position) Setting Counter/Timer CT6-2P module active in Counter-input A mode Write the experiment result in Table 3.3. Table 3.3. Area sensor experiment result System Work Principal: 3-8

3.5.4. EXPERIMENT TO FIND OUT THE ROLE OF ACTUATOR AND PLANT IN OPEN LOOP SYSTEM 1. Open Loop System Using AC Motor and Stepping Motor A4K-S564 Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Motor AC Motor Controller Rotary Encoder E40S8-60-3-T Stepping Motor Driver KR-5MC/MD5-ND14 Stepping Motor A4K-S564 Assemble sensor as shown in Figure 3.12 (ensure power supply is in off position) Write the experiment result in Table 3.4. Figure 3.12. AC Motor and Stepping motor A4K-S564 combination Table 3.4. Actuator and plant of open loop system experiment result System Work Principal: 3-9

3.5.5. EXPERIMENT TO FIND OUT COUNTER EFFECT ON A SYSTEM 1. Open Loop Using AC Motor and Stepping Motor A4K-S564 Switching Power Supply SPA-050-24 Counter/Timer CT6-2P Motor AC Motor Controller Rotary Encoder E40S8-60-3-T Stepping Motor Driver KR-5MC/MD5-ND14 Stepping Motor A4K-S564 Figure 3.13. AC motor and Stepping motor A4K-S564 with counter Assemble sensor as shown in Figure 3.13 (ensure power supply is in off position) Setting Counter/Timer CT6-2P module active in Counter-input A mode, and set counter P1 = 10, counter P2 = 20. Write the experiment result in Table 3.5. 3-10

Table 3.5. Counter effect experiment result System Work Principle: Set Point Counter Set Point Reset 2 3 5 6 10 11 Change on Stepper Motor 3.6. EXPERIMENT TASK Experiment 3.5.1. 1. Explain about the photo sensor! 2. Mention characteristics of type BEN Series Photo Sensor and the difference between type BEN10M-TDT1, BEN10M-TDT2, and BEN5M-MDT Photo Sensor, explain! 3. Make block diagram for each experiment in section 3.5.1! Experiment 3.5.2. 1. Explain about the proximity sensor! 2. Explain types of proximity and the characteristics! 3. Make block diagram for each experiment in section 3.5.2! Experiment 3.5.3. 1. Explain about area sensor! 2. Explain the characteristics and the applications of area sensor! 3. Make block diagram for each experiment in section 3.5.3! Experiment 3.5.4. 1. Explain about AC motor and show its applications! 2. Explain about stepper motor and show its applications! 3. Explain the difference between AC motor and stepper motor! 4. Make block diagram for each experiment in section 3.5.4! Experiment 3.5.5. 1. Explain about open loop system, and give an example in block diagram! 2. Make block diagram for each experiment in section 3.5.5! 3. Explain about the block diagram! 3.7. SUMMARY This experiment shows us about the role of plant, actuator, sensor, and transducer in a control system process. Those elements are configured thus they can perform their each function to make an optimum system. The application of those elements can be seen in our real life, i.e. room temperature controller, car machine, industrial process, etc. 3-11