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Transcription:

Maria Espinosa Romero John Driscoll

Fisheries management in Canada a. Traditionally done on a stock-by-stock basis; b. Canada s commitments to ecosystem approach will change this; c. Two interrelated pathways for inclusion of the ecosystem approach into fisheries management: Fisheries management policies; Ecosystem based objectives for marine planning processes.

Oceans Act (1996) a. It establishes integrated management of ocean uses; b. Conservation focus based on ecosystem approach (EA); c. An important outcome are the five Large Ocean Management Areas (LOMAs): They require conceptual and operational objectives and associated indicators; The one in the Pacific is called Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA).

Potential avenue for the EA in the Pacific region Objectives at the PNCIMA level Objectives and measures of mgmt. bodies

Potential avenue for the EA in the Pacific region Our question: National policies Objective s at the PNCIMA level Objectives and measures of fisheries mgmt. To what extent does current fisheries management incorporate aspects of the EA?

Case study: Groundfish fisheries a. Halibut, hake, sole, sablefish, lingcod, dogfish, pollock, Pacific cod, and 29 species of rockfish; b. Seven sectors managed with Integrated Fishery Management Plan (IFMP); Includes trawl, hook and line, and trap gears. d. Substantial progress in improving management: 100% at-sea and dockside monitoring; Individual Vessel Quotas (IVQs); Vessel accountability for all catch. Transferability of the catch; Closed areas. e. Awareness of ecosystem considerations (e.g., habitat) for several years.

Methods a. Review and synthesis of literature to identify the main elements EA should conserve: Biodiversity; Food webs; Habitat; Non-living aspects. b. Evaluation of integrated groundfish management plan (IFMP) against these four basic criteria.

Methods 3 main questions: 1. Does the IFMP identify impacts of the fishery? 2. Does it include conceptual and/or operational objectives and indicators? 3. Does it include management measures to address impacts/meet objectives?

Result 1: Management objectives, indicators, and measures are explicitly focused on targeted species.

Target Species Biodiversity Nontarget Species of concern Habitat Food webs Abiotic Impacts explicitly identified Only for rockfish species Only rockfish habitat Conceptual objectives Ditto Operational objectives Only for rockfish species Ditto Indicators Ditto Ditto Management Measures Ditto Ditto

Result 2: Some measures may be mitigating broader ecosystem impacts Existing management measures Quota for target species Target Specie s Biodiversity Nontarget Species of concern Habitat Food webs Possible Possible Possible Possibl e Closed areas Possible Possible Possibl e Abiotic Possibl e

Result 3: Policy and research that address aspects of the EA. Ecosystem elements Biodiversity Policy and research Phasing-in of precautionary harvest strategies Food webs Habitat Policy for new fisheries on forage species (not implemented) Sensitive benthic area policy (not implemented) Research on habitat impacts Abiotic aspects -

Result 4: Following the IFMP template would contribute to the a. Objectives on stock and EA. ecosystem conservation Ecosystem elements Biodiversity Food webs Habitat b. Indicators to evaluate the achievement of objectives c. Research and measures to control bycatch d. Information on gear impacts Abiotic aspects - Template Depleted species concerns Interactions with other species Habitat requirements and impacts from the fishery Location of sensitive areas within the range of the fishery Research being conducted and research needs Habitat protection measures

Strengths a. Recognition of the importance for accounting for ecosystem considerations; b. Existing management tools can be useful to achieve broader ecosystem objectives if properly extended; c. New policies on habitat, forage species exist 21

Weaknesses a. There is a lack of conceptual or operational objectives for ecosystem considerations in the IFMP; b. There are no objectives that require the use of new policies. 21

Recommendations a. Follow the IFMP as it will accomplish more of what is needed for EBM; b. Ensure the inclusion of ecosystem objectives within the management plan; c. Establish objectives and requirements to implement national policies.

Maria Espinosa Romero (maria.espinosa.romero@gmail.com) John Driscoll (jdriscoll@livingoceans.org)

EBM Framework

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