T m3 D T g jmpg: www. g.m/ j MPONG PODUCTTY OF MNUFCTUNG DON UNG N CONCPT ND DOPMNT OF MT GTY FD C TUDY K.Hmd Dpm M gg PG Cg TgyC 64 4 d. D.mv Dpm M gg PG Cg TgyC 64 4 d..cd j* G.dj Dpm M gg PG Cg TgyC 64 4 d. dj989@gm.m Dpm M gg PG Cg TgyC 64 4 d. BTCT T mv dy b xpg mpv vm d vg d d md d mg w d mpv qy. mg p d by d d w pg v d d w mpg gb m. T m g pd p p by g pdvy g pp z m d m. mg dy y d m w p dd pdvy. M dg ym py y g pdvy gp m d pd. T w b d dy mv dy w bjv w d. md d m w p. T pbm y dd d yzd g m. T y mdd md d mpd w y. T vd mpvm.95% pdvy. w m dg ym b dgd d dvpd d m w d wd p. KYWOD y m M Tm Tp TC NFO vd 3 y pd 7 p vb Ob. d mg ym pp dyg d mg w g mpvm by wg pd p m p p. mg p my ppd d w m pv m d. d pdvy gy d by y wg pp w pg qpm. T m w mp dd xy w d w x. T p dd v w pd gd. T v mg w gd p w w w md" dmd by 8. * Cpdg
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D md" dmd by 8. T p mg m b m wdy w w b T M T Cgd Wd pbd by Wm.99 d g b Tg. T Ky p mp pp b dg p vby dg ym y m d bv mg w mg y d by Wm d 986. P d bd 6 d bjv m g q d bv md d v d mpv pdvy qy g v d dg j M Cmp MC pd y PC y. v xpm w dd pd. T dwb w xpm dg d b pmd d b q d mp b gm w d dg xpm -.. dy mg d p d qy. Bw d M 988 dd vg p g d mg PC dm w vm pm bd pm d y mmdd pp mpv pdvy & qy. m d Hm 997 d mpvd y wp d pdvy w g m m d mvm by dg xpm w y. Cp 998 d y mpv x dpd vg dvg v dvg dy b. md y 7 d w v m py d pdvy d pby mg p d wd w g pdvy p py m g b.. p vy Bwg d H 9 dvpd vd mw p pd d d dvp v pp d d md w p mg mg y vb dw g b m mpm. W. 999 d p z d g mpm p. T w gd bg w m mp b w b bm vd x. d Wd 3 mpy vdd bd -d d y p; j--m T qy mgm TQM pvv m TPM d m mgm d vgd p pm. Fy.995 d MK. v xpd mpm d pm p w w p. C.3 dd y dv p d dd mpm mp w xm w d my v m d w dvd p x d mgm w p. Wm.99 dvpd m mvy Ty Pd ym g mv m w m ym. K 998 db p-y mg p pd by Ty w g q dg j--m vy ym mpvm d qy. 8
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D d vd mp p mpv d py mpvg pdvy qy pd pby d dg w d v. T m mpvg pdvy g v p by d m w. dd dg d dvpm gvy d m dg v b d v dd w. T mdgy dy pd b dgm d dpd Fg.T d d by d bv md. T m dy dd g p w. Fm d d pbm y dd d d by dgg y w p. O p dg m dg by dg d dvpm w m gvy d w dgd d dg 9 d y d y. p dg m dy v pm y g WTN mg w. Bd w y ppd d mpmd. Fg : B dgm mdgy wd dy 9
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D bbv Op - Op PM - p pp m MC - mg HMC - Hz mg M - w m FG - Fd gd MH - M Hdg ym M/C -M N. - N Nm M - Bdg Mm N mm - Mm mm4 σ - Bdg N/mm Y - D m x mm. C dy y CNC M p. C y dy mg bg p b d wg y d pm. T Bg p g md g CNC d p pp m. T bg p b md md by w Fg. Fg : Bg p mg d T p w d q mg p d bg p m w m d gd w Fg 3. T m d q p w p pp m PM d v CNC m.
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Fg 3: Fw P q. Tm dy Tm dy dd w mm q dg m d wg m pd jb d d pd d d yzg d b m y yg jb dd v pm [6]. m dy b d p bg p y by d bv md d bvd d d Tb. Tb D Tm dy Op. M/C yp N. N. p N. Cmp M wg M d M/C wg M/C d Cy m Cy m p m m m m İ d Cmp d İ d İ d İ d İ d PM 4 6 5 5 5 63 PM 4 3 3 63 3- MC 95 95 95 3-B MC 53 7 8 4 3 6 4- MC 63 5 5 53 78 39 4-B MC 4 64 75 66 36 3 76 5 HMC 64 64 64 64 6 Dbg 6 6 6 7 p 4 4 4 8 Wg & 4 4 4 4 Pg 48
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D.3 T m T m vg m wd pd pd m m dmd d p m d b q m. T m d bd m vb m d qd. T pd wd dm m pd bg p w: T vb m Cm Dmd / dy vb Wg m/ xdg d b vb m/dy T Tm = 3 / dy /5 wg dy m = 67 p = 4 m=5 d. = 5 x 3=756 d. = T vb m /Cm dmd = 64.78 d/p 65 d/p.4 Cy m Fm m dy y Tb dd p 3 d 3B d d y m mp d b 55 d by vgg y m w m. my p 4 d 4B d d by g vg mp y m d b 58 d. F p y m g mp md d d Tb. m dpd b w Fg 4. Tb Pg m Op N. 3 4 5 6 7 8 P dp Tp d bm mg C & j gg N mg dg d pg dw C bg N Mg mg g wd g Dbg p Wg d Pg Cy m d 5 63 55 58 64 6 4 4
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Fg 4: B dp m dy b.5 Pbm dd y T mj d y xpd w d y dpd Fg 5. Fg 5: C y.5. d m p d m p d m m dy d d m p dy d d bd Tb 3. 3
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Tb 3 d m p dy.n 3 M d m Op N. y Op/dy d 37 64 B 475 5 B d m 3 d m p p dy d dy 5 7 434.95 8775 5. T 4.7 T d m b zd b wy by pg w m my..5. W p by m p y m dg d g wd p w d by y m. m db m d d mg d m. T m mvd m by p g m w d p w w b 68.9 m vy b mp gv Tb 4. Tb 4 D vd by p. N. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T M- p. p.- p.-3 p.3-4 p.4-5 p.5-6 p.6-7 p.7-8 p.8-fg D vd w MH m.53 3.66. 3.7.7 8.3 4.88.94 3.5 68.9 T p mvm y dpd Fg 6. T b dd w b m dg dv. 4
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Fg 6: Op d m mvm C y 3. Ppd y Owg pbm xg y w y ppd bd dy d y. T w y d w. m d w w gvy d yg m m w d p w by m 47.85 m w Tb 5 d d w Fg 7.T p ppd y py dpd Fg 8. Tb 5 Op m d mp C y. N. w MH m M- p..53 p.- 3.66 3 p.-3. 4 p.3-4 3.7 5 p.4-5.7 6 p.5-6 8.3 7 p.6-7 4.88 8 p.7-8.9 9 p.8-fg 3.5 T m 68.93 Ppd y w MH m.53 6.5 3.5.8 D d vd m 47.85. Tw m gd b dd d m p m md Tb 3. Op 3B d 4B vg g d m 7 d 75 pvy. d d d m p m C d D gd d 5
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D C d F d w Fg 7. w gm M B d D pd by g p my. my m d F pd by g p my. T p p w m my by zg d m. 3. w wdw dd w bw dbg d p m dy w d p d m w. w Fg 7 3. Fg 7: Ppd y Fg 8: M mvm Ppd y 6
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D 4. m dy T m p -wd p ym v m d m. m vv g y ym d bv y dw g p ym pd. T m dpb pbm-vg mdgy my -wd pbm. d db d yz bv ym w- q b ym d d dg ym xpd by dm.999 d g 5. m dy d g WTN m w. B d ppd ym mdd d md d d pmm y gy. 4. C y m m 89 d m m vb m d y. T p y gm w p d m w Fg 9. Fg 9: m C y D gdg v qd pm d m p d wg m gv p d g bd p q d w vb. T md w Tb 6 7
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Op. N Tb 6 m y C y m M b P Tp d bm mg C d j gg N mg dg d pg 3- dw N mg dg d pg 3-B dw 4- C bg N Mg 4-B C bg N Mg mg g wd 5 g 6 Dbg 7 p 8 Wg d Pg T y 4. %d %by %p %by %d 5.54 67.9 3.8 3.8 5.64 5.64 3.8 84.36 67.9 66.48.47.3.3 87.96 46.3 45.6.7 45.56 44.8 99.9 8.37. 8.37. 99.9 9.69 89.88.7.8 33.9 6.34 37.3 99.8 66. 3.4 56.4 6.5 6.6 99.8 66. 6.5 46.8 33.9 83.48 54 Ppd y m ppd y m 89 d d. T p ppd y gm w p d m w Fg. Fg : m ppd y 8
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D T md w Tb 7. Tb 7 m ppd y POPOD YOUT ON Op. N POC M b %d %by %p %by %d Tp d bm mg C d j gg 5.5 3.83 5.65 33.3 66.77 N mg dg d 3-B 66.48.47.3 pg dw N mg dg d 3-66.76 33.3 7.69 7.3 pg dw 4- C bg N Mg 43.44 45.7.8.59 78.4 4-B C bg N Mg 43.99 45.68.3 mg g wd 5.7 99.9 99.9.7 g 6 Dbg.8 99.8 99.8.8 7 p 33.9 66. 66. 33.9 8 Wg d Pg 6.34 3.4 6.5 6.5 83.48 T y 36.9 56.5 6.58 57.95 4.5 Fm Tb 6 d 7 m z bvd b m b d ppd y b m p d b z. T pm m Pg b pdvy d Pg m z. T y y v gv Tb 8. Tb 8 Cmp y Pm M z %d %by %p C y 37.3 56.4 6.6 Ppd y 36.9 56.5 6.58 %by 46. 57.95 %d 54. 4.5 b pdvy mpvm N Cg d by.95 Dd by.95 Fg w pm d ppd y. Fm dd g m z b b pdvy d by.95%. 9
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Fg : Cmp y y 5. Dg Gvy pd d Bg Cp bg p y gvy pd d b dgd m dg bg p. T m m gvy d d m dg m d p bw w. T d md p 3 mm w pp d. T p d mmd bg p w Fg. T md y b 9 p p m d. Fg : Gvy d md 3
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D 5. y gvy d gvy d mdd g d dg v-9 d y yzd g NY. w wg d g d mm d mp m 9. T bg p wg v m mmm 3g mxmm 4.5g. mxmm wg 4.5 g d d wg 9 mp d b 9.8 N dg y p bdg [4] bdg mm q xpd w M/ = σ/y = / Ug q bdg md b 8.63N/mm. T yd g C5 w y 6 d b 39.4N/mm [3]. T md mpy md w d b 8 d 45 d w Fg 3. Fg 3: Md md 5. d Fm y mxmm dm d b.46mm w by ggb d dpyd Fg 4. 3
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Fg 4: NY 6. mmy d C mp b md mpv pdvy d pby dy. T dg d dvpm gvy d m dg v b d d m d p w. T m y y d dy pm ppv d md y v b md. wdw pg md bw dbg d pg p w v m by 3 m p.t m pd d gd y m d g d m p w m. T md y w d w p d z p by.95%. v 64 p p m p y. H v. 5 994 p y w db vg v. mpm gvy d bw w d m w d m b w b jb d gdw g. dm.m Cmp.P Cz.H d.b. m T C P mpvm Pdg 999 W m C. Uvy bm Hv; 999. Bw K.. M T.. Pm b d d d b g gy mg. Pd 988; 6; 89 83. 3
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D Cp M. g d ppy C Mgm: g dg C d mpvg v. d d. F Tm P-H: Ud Kgdm; 998. Fy B.B. b. d.g. p bw T d TQM: p d pm. dmy Mgm 995; 38 5; 35 36. md y. T m mpvg mp pdvy d pby. Pd m 7; 5; 7 78. d W dy. b O: Gv; 979.. d g.. Tg ppy C Ug m Pdg 5 W m C 65-657; 5. m P. Wm d D T.. Tg: B W d C W Y Cp. d. m d :.Nw Y; 996. K.F. Tmp pd ym. Mgm vw 998; 3 ; 4 53. m. Hm. pp z v by v p pmg y. d gm 997; 9; 87 99. MK K.. d.g. C K.O. T mp pdv m mg pm. Op Mgm ; 9 39 58. P H.P. Yw bd N b. Pdvy d qy mpvm v m d j d m mp g pp gm. d gm 6; 36; 367 377. PG Dg D. PG Cg Tgy: K gm; 978. mmm. Ny.. g M. Dp Pbg Cmpy: Nw D; 4.. Tg Mg Cp d vy mgm d g gg 8; 7 7; 69-697.. Wd P. mg: x p bd d pm. Op Mgm 3; ; 9 49. Ty. Bwg p D. H. pzg pd w vd m F- pgm 9. Op Mgm 9; 7; 3 44. 33
H M N ND N CH D MB UND / T m3 D. C Y. Wd. Bw. Gv. mpmg p gg mp d ddg g. Tv 3; 3; 97 98 W.. P.N. W.. T mg: vy mpm m d g U.. m. Mgm 999; 45; 5. Wm. D. D. T M T Cgd Wd. w : Nw Y; 99. 34