Basic Principles of Aquaculture

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Basic Principles of Aquaculture Species, Economics, Water Sources Water Systems, Conservative & Non-Conservative Aspects Water Quality, Feeds Nutrition & Growth Reproduction & Genetics, Disease & Predation Harvesting Hauling & Processing Environmental Concerns

Feeds Nutrition & Growth II Energy & Growth Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate, Micronutrients Other Factors Binders, Attractants, Pigments, Off Flavors Strategies for Offering Prepared Feeds FCR & FC Efficiency, Feeding Rate, Frequency & Their Interactions Methods of Presenting Feeds Adjusting Feeding Rates

Reproduction, Selection & Genetics Spawning Techniques Larval Rearing Techniques Hormone Spawning Sex Control Hybridization, Triploidy, Gynogenesis Selective Breeding Genetics & Genetic Engineering

Disease Predation & Cannibalism I Mortality in Aquaculture Sanitation Treatment & Prevention Methodology Vaccines, Isolation, Chemical Control, Calculation of Treatment Levels Examination for Disease Common Aquaculture Diseases Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Protozoan

Disease Predation & Cannibalism II Common Parasites Helminths Nematode, Tapeworm, Flatworm Copepods Predation - from Land, Sea & Air Cannibalism

Harvesting Hauling & Processing Harvesting Culture Systems Intensive, Extensive, Specialized Techniques - Anesthesia Live Hauling Minimizing Stress Depuration Fee Fishing Processing & Marketing

Common Environmental Concerns 1. Water Flow Considerations 2. Parasites - Native Populations Nearby 3. Pollution from Effluent 4. Handling Escapees 5. Unhealthy Culture Conditions

Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

Carp Aquaculture 1. Largest Volume of All Aquaculture Species 2. Cyprinus carpio: Eastern European species, in Danube Drainage, then Roman Europe. 3. In Culture for More than 2,500 years 475 BC Fan Lei - Carp Aquaculture 100 BC - 400 AD Romans Aquaculture Carp 4. Considerable Number of Small Farms Eastern Europe, India, China

Carp Aquaculture Reference Billard, R., (ed.) 1999. Carp: Biology and Culture. Springer-Praxis Series in Aquaculture and Fisheries. Praxis Publishing, 342 pps. (Translated from the 1995 French by Dr. Lindsay Laird, Univ. Aberdeen, UK.)

Carp Aquaculture Roman Aquarium & Fish Farm

Carp Aquaculture Small Scale European Carp Farming

Carp Aquaculture Carp Aqua Production Probably >20 Mmt / yr Salmon Aquaculture ~ 2.2 Mmt per year Term Carp is a grade not a taxon. Carp are Members of the Family Cyprinidae 36 genera 280 species, 118 in 1 genus 15 Species account for Most Aqua Production

Abundant Aquacultured Carp Species 1. Common Carp Cyprinus carpio 2. Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 3. Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella 4. Mud Carp Cirrhina molitorella 5. Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis 6. Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus 7. Catla Catla catla 8. Calbassu Labeo calbasu 9. Rohu Labeo rohita 10. Mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala 11. White Amur Bream Parabramis pekinensis 12. Crucian Carp Carassius carassius 13. Goldfish Carassius auratus 14. Tench Tinca tinca 15. Roach Rutilus rutilus

Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Silver Carp - Illinois River Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Mud Carp Cirrhinus molitorella

Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Black Carp Mylopharygodon piceus

Catla (Indian) Carp Catla catla

Calbassu Carp Labeo calbasu

Rohu Carp Labeo rohita

Mrigal Carp Cirrhinus mrigala

White Amur Bream Parabramis pekinensis

Crucian Carp Carassius carassius

Goldfish (not Koi) Carassius auratus

Tench Tinca tinca

Roach Rutilis rutilis

Carp General Observations Unpopular as a Food Fish in North America But Popular as Food In Europe & Asia Higher Lipid Levels, Can Bring Off Flavors Production Includes 15 Different Species Term Carp used as a grade like salmon Production Numbers Are a Guess - Accurate Data Nearly Impossible to Find Huge % of Production is from Small Ponds Mom and Pop Operations

Carp Life Cycle Closed Carp Whose Life Cycles have been Closed Cyprinus carpio (common carp) Carassius carassius (crucian carp) Carassius auratus (goldfish) Control Over All Life History Stages Can Include Stage Specific Requirements Control Over Reproduction - Produce Viable Offspring from Cultured Parents

Carp Aquaculture China Carp Pond

Carp Aquaculture Carp Juvenile Pedicure

Carp Aquaculture Czech Carp Harvest

Carp Aquaculture Krakow Selling Aquacultured Carp

Carp Aquaculture Trebon Harvesting Brail

Aquaculture Water Quality Secchi Disc Measuring Turbidity

Carp Aquaculture

Carp Aquaculture

Carp Pituitary Extracts

Structure of Fish Eggs

SEM of Fertilization Artificial Colors

Fertilization

Egg Cortical Reaction Butterfly Egg

Carp Eggs Zoug Jars

Carp Embryo Hatching

Carp Life Cycle Common Carp Juvenile

Goldfish Juveniles