Chapter 17 and 18 Chapter 17 1. The Saint Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys were part of the overseas empire. a. French b. British c. Dutch d. Spanish e. Russian 2. The heart of eighteenth-century French-British rivalries in the Americas was: a. Newfoundland b. the West Indies c. Quebec d. the Mississippi River Valley e. the mid-atlantic region 3. Inhabitants of the New World who were born in Spain were known as: a. cajuns b. creoles c. encomiendas d. mistisos e. peninsulares 4. The process by which newly arrived Africans were prepared for slavery in the New World was known as: a. hazing b. chopping c. unmanning d. sorting e. seasoning 5. Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in: a. Spanish areas b. Portuguese areas c. French areas d. British areas e. Dutch areas 6. Thomas Paine is most famous for having written: a. The Rights of Free Men b. A Response to the Intolerable Acts c. Common Sense d. An Almanac for Americans e. The Republican
7. Mercantilists regarded as a measure of a nation s wealth. a. bullion b. the volume of trade c. the size of the army d. the amount of land under cultivation e. population 8. The root causes of the American colonial revolt against Great Britain included all of the following EXCEPT: a. concern with imperial taxation. b. concern over imperial policy toward western lands. c. the growth of the colonial economy. d. Britain s unwillingness to accept slavery in the colonies. e. the cost of Britain s wars. 9. After the American Revolution, British trade with her former colonies: a. stopped altogether b. increased c. decreased slowly d. remained the same e. decreased rapidly 10. Except for Brazil and Dutch Guiana, mainland South America was controlled by: a. Portugal b. France c. Great Britain d. private landowners e. Spain 11. The most important West Indian crop was: a. wheat b. rice c. timber d. coffee e. sugar 12. The major sources for slaves bound for the Americas were: a. the slave markets of the Ottoman Empire b. along the Mediterranean coast c. the slave markets of West Africa d. in northern Africa e. in east Africa 13. Which of the following was the destination for the greatest number of slaves in the eighteenth century? a. New England b. Brazil c. Mexico d. the southern British colonies e. Europe
14. The Seven Years War pitted Prussia, Sweden, and Russia against Austria and: a. France b. Spain c. Portugal d. Italy e. Britain 15. All of the following were part of the British Empire EXCEPT: a. Nova Scotia b. Jamaica c. Cuba d. Bermuda e. Newfoundland 16. Mercantilists believed that a home country and its colonies should: a. have little contact b. concentrate on developing the military potential of the colony c. should work toward the eventual independence of the colony d. develop separate economic systems e. trade exclusively with each other 17. The profitable production of sugar was dependent on: a. subsidies from European powers b. slave labor c. a concerted effort to stimulate demand for sugar in Europe d. a steady flow of indentured servants from Europe e. new agricultural technologies 18. Colonial reform in the Spanish colonies took place under the: a. Spanish Habsburgs b. Castilians c. Argonese d. Bourbons e. Chatas 19. All of the following were major American export crops EXCEPT: a. sugar b. tobacco c. wheat d. coffee e. indigo Chapter 18 1. The most important intellectual forerunners of the Enlightenment included: a. Bacon and Galileo b. Newton and Galileo c. Newton and Locke d. Descartes and Bacon e. Copernicus and Galileo
2. Locke believed that human beings entered the world a tabula rasa, or: f. moral being g. spiritual being h. free soul i. fixed piece j. blank page 3. Many philosophes believed in a rational version of religion known as: f. scientific Christianity g. deism h. agnosticism i. anti-mysticism j. rational spirituality 4. David Hume doubted the existence of: a. social vices b. social virtues c. reason d. miracles e. other people 5. Moses Mendelssohn argued for: f. the equality of men and women g. the need for Jews to stay out of Christian society h. religious toleration i. the equality of all races j. a hierarchy of races 6. French economic reformers were known as: f. philosophes g. physiocrats h. smithites i. technocrats j. autocrats 7. The Social Contract is one of the best known works of: f. Spinoza g. Rousseau h. Voltaire i. Diderot j. Montesquieu 8. Rousseau believed that men and women: a. should not mingle until the age of eighteen b. were equal in all things c. should receive the same education d. were different species e. should inhabit separate spheres
9. Mary Wollstonecraft believed that women were: a. unsuited to advanced education b. unsuited for politics c. victims of the tyranny of men d. the key instigators of the French Revolution e. destined to rule the world 10. Rococo painting often depicted the aristocracy: a. as paragons of virtue b. as depraved c. at play d. as figures of justice and mercy e. as paternalistic figures 11. Most philosophes favored: a. democracy b. monarchy c. oligarchy d. anarchy e. dictatorship 12. Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism include all of the following except: a. Frederick II b. Louis XV c. Catherine the Great d. Joseph II e. Maria Theresa 13. Beneficiaries of the 1772 partition of Poland included: f. Austria g. Russia and Austria h. Prussia, Russia, and Hungary i. Hungary j. Austria, Prussia, and Russia 14. The foundation of Montesquieu s ideas for reform stem from a. his study of sociology b. his effort to support aristocratic institutions c. the inefficient absolutism of monarchy in France d. his knowledge of the development of the English cabinet system e. a desire to see France become a republic 15. The philosophes drew the bulk of their readership from: a. university students and instructors b. the landed elites c. the aristocracy d. the artisanal classes e. the prosperous commercial and professional urban classes
16. Voltaire s exile to England convinced him that: a. English government and society had much to admire b. English government was inferior to French government c. he had to be much more careful in his criticism of the status quo d. all monarchies were corrupt e. he would never return to France 17. Most philosophes sought the: f. abolition of religion g. abolition of monarchy h. reform of gender relations i. reform of monarchy j. imposition of democracy 18. The physiocrats believed: k. the first priority of the doctor was to do no harm l. the primary role of the government was to protect private property rights m. society was a living organism n. physics revealed rules for ethical conduct o. physics proved that God did not exist Respond briefly to each of the following questions Chapter 17 1. Why did Creoles come to feel like second class citizens? [cf. page 560] 2. What were the fundamental ideas associated with mercantile theory? [cf. pages 553-554] 3. What were the results of the Seven Years War? [cf. pages 571, 572] Chapter 18 1. Why did the philosophes consider organized religion to be their greatest enemy? [cf. page 596] 2. What were the two basic tenets of deism? [cf. page 597] 3. How did the views of the mercantilists about the earth s resources differ from those of Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations? [cf. page 603, 604] 4. What was the primary motivation of Enlightened despots in adopting Enlightenment policies? [cf. pp. 611,612]