Politics in the Age of Jackson Important people and terms for this lecture: Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams The Corrupt Bargain Suffrage Tariff of Abominations Nullification and Interposition South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Politics in the Age of Jackson Important people and terms for this lecture: Webster-Hayne Debate Jefferson Day Dinner Indian Removal Trail of Tears Cherokee v Georgia Worcester v Georgia Jackson s veto of the Bank Pet Banks Specie Circular
1824 Election: The end of the Era of Good Feelings Henry Clay (KY): Leader of the War Hawks The Great Compromiser The American System Protective Tariff Internal Improvements John C Calhoun (SC) Leader of the War Hawks Secretary of War (1817-1825)
1824 Election: The end of the Era of Good Feelings Andrew Jackson (TN) 1st Congressman from Tennessee General Hero of War of 1812 John Quincy Adams (MA) Famous Father Top 10 Secretary of State William H. Crawford (GA) Stroke victim Still receives 41 electoral votes
Results of 1824 Election Andrew Jackson (TN) 99 votes John Quincy Adams (MA) 84 votes William H. Crawford (GA) 41 votes Henry Clay (KY) 37 votes John C. Calhoun (SC) Vice President Candidate
Results of 1824 Election - The Corrupt Bargain Election goes to the House of Representatives 12th Amendment Adams is elected president Clay is later named as Secretary of State Democratic - Republican Party Splits: National Republicans Democratic Republicans The Broadening of Democracy Property requirements are abolished Religious qualifications removed Universal white, male, suffrage
Results of the 1824 Presidential Election
The 1828 Tariff - The Tariff of Abominations A plot to manufacture a president? Rates are raised to all-time high levels Adams signs the tariff - what else can he do? South Carolina Exposition and Protest John C. Calhoun - author What were his intentions?
The 1828 Election - Jacksonian Democracy Jackson wins the election Mud-slinging - An American Tradition? Murder? - that incident in Florida. The Rea Letter Gambling? - what s wrong with a chessboard or a pool table? Adultery? - Two husbands are better than one! Poor Rachel! - dies of a broken heart? Jackson seen as the candidate of the West Let s party! Tariff will become a major issue for Jackson
Features of Jacksonian Democracy Democracy is expanded Property requirements are abolished Religious qualifications are removed Universal white, male suffrage A Two Party System begins to develop Democrats - Jacksonians - formerly Democrat - Republicans Whigs eventually emerge as opposition party Sorry - no Republicans yet - be patient! The Spoils of victory! - no need for civil service reform yet
Back to THE tariff - The Tariff of Abominations Jackson promises tariff reform as a candidate South Carolina threatens to secede! State convention denouncing tariff in 1828 South Carolina Exposition and Protest adds to argument
The Webster-Hayne Debate Senator Foote (CT) proposes restricting sale of land Senator Benton (MO) objects! Robert Hayne (SC) comes to support Benton Hayne s baggage - Denmark Vesey and slavery Strict Construction of the Constitution and States Rights Daniel Webster (MA) Replies Supporter of tariff and loose construction Liberty AND Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!
The Jefferson Day Dinner toast Senators Benton and Hayne attempt to enlist Jackson After dinner toasts - at least 24! Jackson: Our Union - it MUST be preserved! John C. Calhoun (still the VP): The Union, next to our liberty - most dear!
Calhoun splits with Jackson The Peggy Eaton affair Wife of Secretary of War John Eaton Jackson raises the issue at a cabinet meeting! Calhoun will resign in 1832 Serves in Senate Fills seat left open by - Robert Hayne!
The Nullification Crisis 1832 - South Carolina Convention Tariff of 1832 is declared NULL! Tariff duties are prohibited from being collected! Jackson - asks for a Force Bill Clay - compromise is reached Compromise tariff of 1833 South Carolina declares Force Bill NULL and VOID!
The Bank Crisis 1832 - Clay tries to re-charter the Bank of US Bank charter would expire in 1836 Bank opposed in South and West Jackson - vetoes Bank Bill McColluch v Maryland (1819) arguments are heard again! Congress tries to override Jackson s veto and fails!
The Bank Crisis - Jackson s Pet Banks 1833 - Jackson wages war on the Bank of US Bank deposits placed in state banks - Wildcat Banks Inflation Specie Circular - executive order Public land sales paid by gold or silver (specie) Depression of 1837 results!
The Bank Crisis - Jackson s Pet Banks 1833 - Jackson wages war on the Bank of US Bank deposits placed in state banks - Wildcat Banks Inflation Specie Circular - executive order Public land sales paid by gold or silver (specie) Depression of 1837 results!
Indian Removal Five Civilized Tribes of Southwest Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole Gold is discovered Supreme Court Action Cherokee Nation v GA and Worcester v GA National government had authority John Marshall has made his decision... Trail of Tears - Tribes moved west of Mississippi River Brutal conditions
What Is the Relationship Between Tribal and State Governments? Because the Constitution vests authority over Indian Affairs in the federal government, generally, states have no authority over tribal governments. Tribal governments are not subordinate to state governments. They retain the right to enact and enforce stricter or more lenient laws and regulations than those of the neighboring state(s). Tribes possess both the right and the power to regulate activities on their lands independently from the neighboring state government. However, tribes frequently collaborate and cooperate with states through compacts or other agreements. The Tribal-to-State relationship is also one of a government to a government.