Chapter 9a - Pronominal Suffixes grammar summary Pronominal suffixes are pronouns that can be either possessive (his, her, our) or objective (him, her, us). These possessive and objective pronouns appear as suffixes on nouns, prepositions and the definite direct object marker. When appearing on nouns, they are possessive as in his book or her wisdom. When appearing on prepositions or the definite direct object marker, they are objective as in to them, for them, or them. All pronominal suffixes have person, gender and number. There are two sets of pronominal suffixes: Type 1 and Type 2. Both types have the same possessive and objective translation values. With few exceptions, Type 1 suffixes occur with singular nouns and Type 2 suffixes occur with plural nouns.
Chapter 9b - Pronominal Suffixes summary paradigm Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Translation Suffixes Alternate Suffixes 1cs י נ י י my/me 2ms ך.י ך 2fs ך.י ך your/you your/you 3ms וֹ הוּ יו his/him 3fs ב הּ ה.יה her/her 1cp נוּ. ינוּ our/us 2mp כ ם יכ ם your/you 2fp כ ן יכ ן your/you 3mp ה ם ב ם יה ם their/them 3fp ה ן ב ן יה ן their/them
Chapter 9c - Pronominal Suffixes on masculine nouns Type 1 Suffixes Noun ms Type 2 Suffixes Noun mp 1cs סוּס י my horse סוּס י my horses 2ms סוּס ך your horse סוּס. י ך your horses 2fs סוּס ך your horse סוּס. י ך your horses 3ms סוּסוֹ his horse סוּס יו his horses 3fs סוּס הּ her horse סוּס. יה her horses 1cp סוּס. נוּ our horse סוּס. ינוּ our horses 2mp סוּס כ ם your horse סוּס יכ ם your horses 2fp סוּס כ ן your horse סוּס יכ ן your horses 3mp סוּס ם their horse סוּס יה ם their horses 3fp סוּס ן their horse סוּס יה ן their horses Note: When pronominal suffixes are added to masculine plural nouns, the masculine plural ending (ז ים) is dropped. With the absence of this ending, a masculine noun is recognizable as plural only by the use of Type 2 pronominal suffixes.
Chapter 9d - Pronominal Suffixes on feminine nouns Type 1 Suffixes Noun fs Type 2 Suffixes Noun fp 1cs תּוֹ רת י my law תּוֹרוֹת י my laws 2ms תּוֹר,ת ך your law תּוֹרוֹת.י ך your laws 2fs תּוֹ רת ך your law תּוֹרוֹת. י ך your laws 3ms תּוֹ רתוֹ his law תּוֹרוֹת יו his laws 3fs תּוֹ רת הּ her law תּוֹרוֹת. יה her laws 1cp תּוֹ רת. נוּ our law תּוֹרוֹת.ינוּ our laws 2mp תּוֹ רת כ ם your law תּוֹרוֹת יכ ם your laws 2fp תּוֹ רת כ ן your law תּוֹרוֹת יכ ן your laws 3mp תּוֹ רת ם their law תּוֹרוֹת יה ם their laws 3fp תּוֹ רת ן their law תּוֹרוֹת יה ן their laws Note: When a feminine singular noun ending in as )ב ה in (תּוֹ רה receives a pronominal suffix, the ה is replaced.( תּוֹ רת becomes תּוֹ רה) ת by
Chapter 9e - Pronominal Suffixes on monosyllabic nouns Type 1 Suffixes Noun ms Type 2 Suffixes Noun mp 1cs א ח י my brother א ח י my brothers 2ms א ח. י ך your brother א ח. י ך your brothers 2fs א ח. י ך your brother א ח. י ך your brothers 3ms א ח יו his brother א ח יו his brothers 3fs א ח. יה her brother א ח.יה her brothers 1cp א ח. ינוּ our brother א ח. ינוּ our brothers 2mp א ח יכ ם your brother א ח יכ ם your brothers 2fp א ח יכ ן your brother א ח יכ ן your brothers 3mp א ח יה ם their brother א ח יה ם their brothers 3fp א ח יה ן their brother א ח יה ן their brothers Note: Certain singular monosyllabic nouns add י to their stem before a pronominal suffix. The addition of this י to singular nouns with Type 1 suffixes may cause them to be confused with plural nouns having Type 2 suffixes. The singular noun paradigm has Hireq Yod your brother). The plural noun paradigm varies,א ח. י ך) its vowel but it is never Hireq Yod,א ח. י ך) your brothers).
Chapter 9f - Pronominal Suffixes on prepositions Type 1 Suffixes Type 2 Suffixes 1cs ל י to me ע ל י on me 2ms ל ך to you ע ל. י ך on you 2fs ל ך to you ע ל. י ך on you 3ms לוֹ to him ע ל יו on him 3fs ל הּ to her ע ל.יה on her 1cp ל. נוּ to us ע ל.ינוּ on us 2mp ל כ ם to you ע ל יכ ם on you 2fp ל כ ן to you ע ל יכ ן on you 3mp ל ה ם to them ע ל יה ם on them 3fp ל ה ן to them ע ל יה ן on them Note: The prepositions ל (to, for), בּ (in, on), ע ם (with) and א ת (with) all take Type 1 suffixes. Prepositions that take Type 2 suffixes include: ע ל (on, upon), א ל (to, for), (after). א ח רי (under) and תּ. ח ת
Chapter 9g - Pronominal Suffixes מ ן and כּ on מ ן כּ 1cs כּ מ.וֹנ י like me מ מּ. נּ י from me 2ms כּ מ.וֹ ך like you מ מּ ך from you 2fs כּ מוֹ ך like you מ מּ ך from you 3ms כּ מ.וֹהוּ like him מ מּ. נּוּ from him 3fs כּ מ.וֹה like her מ מּ.נּ ה from her 1cp כּ מ.וֹנוּ like us מ מּ.נּוּ from us 2mp כּ כ ם like you מ כּ ם from you 2fp כּ כ ן like you מ כּ ן from you 3mp כּ ה ם like them מ ה ם from them 3fp כּ ה ן like them מ ה ן from them Note: With the preposition,כּ forms with singular and 1cp suffixes exhibit a longer, alternate spelling of the preposition.(כּ מ.וֹ) With the preposition,מ ן forms with singular and 1cp suffixes also exhibit a longer, alternate spelling of the preposition.
Chapter 9h - Pronominal Suffixes א ת/א ת on Object Marker Preposition 1cs א ת י me א תּ י with me 2ms א ת ך you א תּ ך with you 2fs א ת ך you א תּ ך with you 3ms א תוֹ him א תּוֹ with him 3fs א ת הּ her א תּ הּ with her 1cp א ת. נוּ us א תּ. נוּ with us 2mp א ת כ ם you א תּ כ ם with you 2fp א ת כ ן you א תּ כ ן with you 3mp א ת ם them א תּ ם with them 3fp א ת ן them א תּ ן with them Note: The object marker is distinguished by a Holem vowel over the initial consonant.(א ת י) It is Seghol in the 2mp and 2fp forms.(א ת כ ם) The preposition is distinguished by Hireq under the initial consonant and Daghesh.(א תּ י) ת Forte in the
Chapter 9i - Pronominal Suffixes ע ם and ע ם on ע ם ע ם 1cs ע מּ י with me ע מּ י my people 2ms ע מּ ך with you ע מּ ך your people 2fs ע מּ ך with you ע מּ ך your people 3ms ע מּוֹ with him ע מּוֹ his people 3fs ע מּ הּ with her ע מּ הּ her people 1cp ע מּ.נוּ with us ע מּ. נוּ our people 2mp ע מּ כ ם with you ע מּ כ ם your people 2fp ע מּ כ ן with you ע מּ כ ן your people 3mp ע מּ ם with them ע מּ ם their people 3fp ע מּ ן with them ע מּ ן their people Note: The preposition has Hireq,ע מּ י) with me) and the noun has Pathach,ע מּ י) my people). Both words take a Daghesh Forte in the מ when pronominal suffixes are added.