Guided Reading Activity 6-1 DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the questions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary. 1. Who were the Patriots? 2. Give two advantages the British had over the Patriots. 3. Give two serious disadvantages suffered by the Patriots. 4. Who were the Loyalists? 5. How did the location of the war help the Americans? 6. What was the main difference between Hessian soldiers and Patriots? 7. What did Margaret Corbin and Deborah Sampson have in common? 8. Who said, I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country? SECTION 6-1 9. Who wrote the inspiring pamphlet Common Sense? 10. Why did George Washington read words from The American Crisis to his troops? 11. Why were enslaved African Americans not allowed to enlist in the war? 12. When did Washington cross the Delaware to surprise the enemy at Trenton? 13. Where did British troops hope to separate New England from the Middle States? 14. Who surrendered to the Patriots on October 17, 1777? 59
Guided Reading Activity 6-2 DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using the words in the box. Use another sheet of paper if necessary. Continental Congress gold and silver alliance France Casimir Pulaski Loyalists Spain inflation Bernardo de Gálvez women Martha Marquis de Lafayette Valley Forge slavery Gaining Allies The victory at Saratoga lifted the Patriots spirits and encouraged (1) to form an (2) with America in 1778. Then (3) declared war on Great Britain in 1779, and (4), the Spanish governor of Louisiana, raised an army that forced British soldiers from Baton Rouge and Natchez. While awaiting the SECTION 6-2 arrival of French troops, George Washington and his troops set up camp at (5), where they suffered a cold winter with little clothing, shelter, or decent food. Volunteers, including Washington s wife (6), helped by making clothes and caring for the sick. Several Europeans, such as French nobleman (7) and Polish cavalry officer (8), worked for the Patriot cause. The (9) had no power to levy taxes. Therefore, Congress printed hundreds of millions of dollars worth of paper money that soon lost its value because there was not enough (10) to back it. This caused (11). Life on the Home Front The war caused many (12) to flee their homes in America. The ideals of liberty and freedom caused some (13) to question their place in society and some Americans to question (14). 60
Guided Reading Activity 6-3 DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the questions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary. 1. Explain why more Native Americans sided with the British than with the Patriots. 2. Who set out to end the British attacks on western settlers? 3. Where was the victory that strengthened the American position in the West? 4. What did the British do to prevent supplies and reinforcements from reaching the Continental Army? 5. What were privateers? 6. Describe how privateers helped the American cause. 7. Who was the daring commander of the privateer Bonhomme Richard? 8. What response did this commander give to the British captain of the Serapis when asked whether he wished to surrender during a long, fierce battle at sea? SECTION 6-3 9. What strategy did the British use in an attempt to finish the war and bring the colonies back into the empire? 10. Where and when did the worst American defeat of the war take place? 11. Who was in command of the British forces in the South? 12. Why was the hit-and-run technique of guerrilla warfare successful against the British? 13. Who was known as the Swamp Fox? 14. When did Charles Cornwallis retreat north to Virginia? 15. Where did Cornwallis set up camp? 61
Guided Reading Activity 6-4 DIRECTIONS: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the information under the heading to help you write each answer. Use another sheet of paper if necessary. I. Victory at Yorktown A. Introduction In 1780 George Washington camped north of New York City, waiting to attack whose army? B. Change in Plans 1. Who commanded the British army at Yorktown, Virginia? 2. Why did Washington decide to attack the British at Yorktown? 3. What three groups would meet for the attack? C. The Siege of Yorktown By the end of September, how many American and French troops had trapped how many British and Hessian troops? D. Cornwallis s Defeat When did Cornwallis surrender? SECTION 6-4 II. Independence A. Introduction 1. What decision did the British make after the Patriot victory at Yorktown? 2. Who represented the United States in the Paris peace talks? 3. Where could the Americans fish after the treaty? B. The Newburgh Conspiracy 1. Why were American soldiers angry with Congress after the British surrendered? 2. How did Washington end the threat of American soldiers refusing to disband? C. Washington s Farewell 1. Who said farewell to his officers in Manhattan on December 4, 1783? 2. What did Washington do after he resigned from the army? D. Why the Americans Won 1. What did the British have to transport thousands of miles? 2. What did the British have difficulty controlling? 3. What two countries contributed to the American victory? E. The Influence of the American Revolution 1. Influenced by the American and French revolutions, who led the fight for independence for Saint Dominque? 62
Reteaching Activity 6-1 DIRECTIONS: Completing a Chart Write the number of the names and terms from the Fact Bank in the section of the chart where they belong. The Early Years of the Revolutionary War Patriots British Advantages Disadvantages People Victory Sites SECTION 6-1 FACT BANK 1. at home 2. Long Island 3. Lemuel Hayes 4. Saratoga 5. Loyalists 6. volunteer militia 7. Thomas Paine 8. Hessians 9. Brandywine 10. wealth 11. Trenton 12. Deborah Sampson 13. far from home 14. Bennington 15. weak navy 16. Nathan Hale 17. fighting for freedom 18. shortage of supplies 19. General John Burgoyne 20. strong army and navy 21. determination to succeed 22. reliance on mercenaries 23. George Washington 63
Reteaching Activity 6-2 DIRECTIONS: Completion In the space provided, write the word or words that best complete the sentence. By late 1777 (1) had been in Paris for a year trying unsuccessfully to get France to form an alliance with the United States. After the victory at (2), France realized the Patriots might win the war; they declared war on Great Britain and sent money, equipment, and (3) to aid the Americans. Soon, (4) also declared war on Great Britain. While British general William Howe and his forces spent the winter in comfort in Philadelphia, George Washington and his troops endured terrible suffering at their camp at (5). Because of the lack of decent food, clothing, and shelter, SECTION 6-2 many men left the (6) while it was camped there. Nevertheless, Washington and his men survived the winter. Spirits rose when the alliance with (7) was announced in April 1778. Several Europeans assisted the Patriots cause for freedom. They included the French nobleman (8), who became a trusted aid of General Washington; two Poles, Thaddeus Kosciusko and (9), who died fighting for the Continental Army; the former German army officer Friedrich von Steuben and (10) who urged Spain, Cuba, and Mexico to send financial aid. Financing the war was a problem for America. When it printed more paper money than it could back with gold or silver, the money lost value, which led to (11). At home, women ran their husbands or their own (12). Women also began to question their place in society. (13) of Massachusetts argued that girls deserved as good an education as boys. The Revolutionary War also inspired some white Americans to question (14). 64
Reteaching Activity 6-3 DIRECTIONS: Sequencing Events Number the events in the order in which they occurred. A. General Henry Clinton sends 3,500 British troops to Savannah. B. The British attempt to invade central North Carolina. C. General Clinton attacks the port of Charles Town, South Carolina. D. General Cornwallis retreats to Virginia. E. George Rogers Clark sails down the Ohio River in an attempt to end the British attacks on western settlers. F. The armies of General Charles Cornwallis and General Horatio Gates meet at Camden, South Carolina. G. The British ship Serapis surrenders to the privateer Bonhomme Richard and its commander John Paul Jones. H. General Cornwallis sets up camp at Yorktown. I. Nathanael Greene becomes commander of the Continental forces in the South. J. Clark and his troops are victorious at Vincennes. SECTION 6-3 K. General Cornwallis takes over command of British forces in the South. DIRECTIONS: Essay Answer the following questions. 1. Describe the British blockade and America s response to it. 2. How was guerrilla warfare used in the Revolution? 65
Reteaching Activity 6-4 DIRECTIONS: Completing a Time Line In the blanks on the time line, write the letter of the event in the Fact Bank that took place at the time given. The War Ends September 1781 October 19, 1781 Autumn 1780 September 1783 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 December 1783 August 1781 October 9, 1781 April 1783 SECTION 6-4 FACT BANK A. At Yorktown, 14,000 American and French troops trap Charles Cornwallis s 7,500 British and Hessian troops. B. George Washington says farewell to his troops at Fraunces Tavern in Manhattan. C. After learning that Admiral François de Grasse is heading toward Chesapeake Bay, Washington secretly leads his troops south to Yorktown. D. American Congress ratifies the preliminary treaty. E. Realizing the hopelessness of the situation, Cornwallis surrenders. F. Washington camps north of New York City, waiting for a second fleet of French ships to arrive. G. The Battle of Yorktown begins as the Americans and French bombard British troops. H. The final Treaty of Paris is signed, defining the borders of the United States and giving Americans the right to fish off the coast of Canada. DIRECTIONS: Essay On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following question. How did George Washington defeat Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown? 66