H2020 DiscardLess (2015-2019) What can science do to help with the landing obligation? Pr. Clara Ulrich, DTU Aqua, Denmark, coordinator on behalf of the DiscardLess Consortium
Discards when three systems conflict FISHERIES and the ECONOMIC SYSTEM Knowledge needed Knowledge needed The challenges 2 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Knowledge needed The solution(s)? Knowledge needed
Some North Sea knowledge to be soon published in DISCARDLESS : MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE THAT AIMS AT Understand the economic, biological and social DRIVERS and IMPACTS of discard Propose a set of cost-effective Discard Mitigation Strategies : the DMS Toolbox www.discardless.eu 3 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Presentation name 17/04/2008
Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 1. role of discards in the ecosystem Ecosystem winners and losers Various models of various complexity available 4 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Heath et al. 2014
Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 1. role of discards in the ecosystem STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Comprehensive review of litterature, data and models across topics and regions (Feekings et al., D1.1;Ulrich EP review); One field survey in Kattegat Modelling Foodweb effects beyond scavengers are likely limited Prawn enhancement from discards is suggested but not much observed Reduction in F is the largest ecological effect Feekings, DTU Aqua 5 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 2. Fish behaviour for improved selectivity - Selective devices : What works where and why? Light-based selectivity 6 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 2. Fish behaviour for improved selectivity STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): experiments with light lines in the Orkneys. Not so conclusive yet. Catalogues of selective devices (SeaFish, DTU, CEFAS ) Summerbell and O Neill, MSS Understanding the mecanisms of selection Survey starting on the potential use of underwater trawl cameras 7 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
Some ref SEAFISH report on basic fishing methods http://www.seafish.org/media/publications/bfm_august_2015_update.pd f DTU catalogue of selective fishing techniques http://www.aqua.dtu.dk/- /media/institutter/aqua/publikationer/forskningsrapporter_251_300/300-2015_katalog-over-selektive-redskaber-afproevet-i-dansk-fiskeri.ashx 8 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 3. Sharing knowledge on when and where The Fisherman s story The Scientist s story Fishermen have local and implicit knowledge - where, when to catch fish - when and where to catch less of the unwanted Scientists have global explicit knowledge and many data - Global picture of how much, when and where - What changes over time - > Share this knowledge together, and investigate whether this can be useful for avoiding the unwanted catches 9 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 3. Sharing knowledge on when and where STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): challenge experiments completed in Ireland, France, Denmark : can fishermen reduce discards by their own means? Graham et al. MI Rochet et al., IFREMER Mortensen et al., DTU Mapping of hot spots Ex. result of DTU MINIDISC trial Catarino, MSS 10 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 1. Mapping the economic reasons to discard Total catch Catchpole et al., 2013 o o Target species Non-target (size, species) Marketable: Yes, No Illegally caught Restrictions Minimum size of fish Quotas Vessel capacity Market (high grading) No, Yes Black market Discard Land 11 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 1. Mapping the economic reasons to discard STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Comprehensive review of litterature, data and models across topics and regions (Frost et al., D2.1); Quantifying knowledge on: Species composition in harvest Price on fish Processing costs on board the vessel Catchability rates Discard costs Penalty for violation of rules Probability of being detected Management system Impact on stock abundance Distance to fishing grounds Seafish impact assessment 2015 12 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 2. Mapping the social drivers Engaging in dialogue and collaboration with individual fishermen to Understand social and cultural barriers Understand individual incentives and drivers of compliance Support bottom-up initiatives 13 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 2. Mapping the social drivers STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Identification of some social criteria to measure the desirability of mitigation strategies (Frangoudes et al., D2.2) Interviews realised in Greece, Azores, France, Denmark Perceptions are very negative, especially from the crew Feeling that NGO-Aquaculture lobby stronger than fishers Low legitimacy Trials on crew working conditions sorting time. Same speed but more volume. Study on incentives to use selective gears 14 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 3. Proposing better use of unwanted catches Testing smart onboard handling solutions Integrating fishery waste in existing supply chains 15 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 3. Proposing better use of unwanted catches STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Vidarsson et al. (D5.1) and Villareal et al. (D6.1). examples: review of Iceland use of cod Potential discards by harbour mapping of harbours infrastructures and regulations. 16 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
III. LINKING BIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY 1. Models for comparing options Bioeconomic models What if What s best Trade-offs and constraints ECOSYSTEM AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRITERIA Discards Mitigations Strategies A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 6 17 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
III. LINKING BIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY 1. Models for comparing options STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Common model indicators and scenarios incl. GES Linking MSY with the landings obligation (Ulrich, EP report): What is MSY at regional/ecosystem scale? (MYFISH project) Mixed-fisheries management plans: MSY ranges as an adaptative management to mitigate year-on-year choke species effects 18 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
III. LINKING BIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY 2. Online interactive tools STATUS MONTH 11: Started. Online atlas of data Overview of actual discards Discards Mitigation Strategies Toolbox Avoiding unwanted catches Optimal use of unwanted catches Data + Knowledge (scientists, fishers ) Datawarehouse and Fact sheets WWW dissemination and end user comments 19 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
IV. UNDERSTANDING THE POLICY EFFECTS Analysing the political forces influencing discard policy Evaluating the Landings Obligation in the frame of other high-level policies Maximum Sustainable Yield Marine Strategy MSFD Multi-Annual Plans MAP Learning from the outside world STATUS MONTH 11: Started and will follow throughout the project Supporting the implementation of the LO at all steps with sound advice Making results-based management possible through effective monitoring of catch (genetic, CCTV, artifical vision ) Understanding the expectations of society and telling the good story 20 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
WP9 Project management Multiscale baselines and assessments WP1 Ecosystem scale assessment WP2 Fishery scale assessment Avoiding unwanted catches WP3 Adaptation of gear technology TRANSVERSAL THEMES: Stakeholders Involvement Technological Innovation Cost Effectiveness Control and Monitoring Dissemination and Outreach Optimal use of unwanted catches WP5 From deck to first sale WP4 Adaptation of fishing strategies WP6 Products to the value chain WP7 Framing and implementing the discard policy Policy outreach WP8 Bringing results to users and spreading the word 21 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
WP9 Project management Multiscale baselines and assessments WP1 Ecosystem scale assessment WP2 Fishery scale assessment Avoiding unwanted catches WP3 Adaptation of gear technology WP4 Adaptation of fishing strategies TRANSVERSAL THEMES: THEMES: Stakeholders Technological Innovation Involvement Cost Effectiveness Technological Control and Monitoring Innovation Dissemination and Outreach Cost Effectiveness Control and Monitoring Dissemination and Outreach Optimal use of unwanted catches WP5 From deck to first sale WP6 Products to the value chain WP7 Framing and implementing the discard policy Policy outreach WP8 Bringing results to users and spreading the word 22 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
What can science do to help with the LO? What can Science NOT do alone? FORCE CHANGES Force the productivity of Nature Force uptake of selective devices and compliance Force rational policy This we do together : Force the market stakeholders, policymakers, consumers, scientists What can Science do? GATHER AND SHARE USEFUL KNOWLEDGE Work closely with all groups of stakeholders Bring facts on what is known and what is not known, and work up to fill the gaps Share knowledge across regions and disciplines Merge various sources of information into a whole-scale picture Contrast local against global realities Link biological processes with socio-economic constraints Propose alternative cost-effective technological strategies Conduct trials and assess bottom-up initiatives Communicate trade-offs and orientate rational policy Enhance control and monitoring Tell the good story 23 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark
www.discardless.eu Annual meeting 01-04 March 2016 Regional newsletter to follow Options for a regional meeting Project mid-term conference 2017, Rome 24 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark