HODNOTIACE A MERACIE

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HODNOTIACE A MERACIE ŠKÁLY NA POSÚDENIE BOLESTI U NOVORODENCA Andrea Šavlová, Marcela Kozmová, Katarína Chromčíkov ková Neonatologická klinika UNM a JLF UK v Martine Trenčín n 17. 18. október 2013 HODNOTENIE BOLESTI Diagnostikovať,, potom liečiť. Hodnotiace nástroje: n - jednodimenzionálne jeden indikátor bolesti, - viacdimenzionálne viac indikátorov. Bolesť : multidimenzionálny lny jav multidimenzionálny lny prístup, - 5. fyziologická funkcia. CRIES Scale (Krechel SW Bildner J., 1995) Parameter Finding Points Crying No 0 Crying but not high pitched 0 High pitched but infant consolable 1 Inconsolable 2 Requires No 0 oxygen < 30% supplemental oxygen 1 required to keep oxygen saturation>95% >30% supplemental oxygen required to keep oxygen saturation >95% 2 Increased vital signs Heart rate and mean blood pressurelessthanor equalto preoperative values Heartrate OR meanblood pressureincreasedbut < 20% from preoperative levels Heartrate OR meanblood pressure increased > 20% from preoperative levels Expression None 0 Grimace 1 Grimace with grunting 2 Sleepless No 0 Wakes at frequent intervals 1 Constantaly awake 2 0 1 2

BOLESŤ U NOVORODENCOV Tri prístupy k hodnoteniu bolesti: - kognitívne (self-report), - behaviorálne (krik, držanie tela, mimika), - fyziologické (variabilita frekvencie srdca, kolísanie TK, zníženie saturácie O 2, metabolické a endokrinné zmeny). BOLESŤ U NOVORODENCOV Hodnotenie bolesti: - objektívne merateľné ukazovatele, - subjektívne posudzovanie charakteristického ho správania sa novorodenca. Chorý / predčasne narodený novorodenec ťažko odlíš íšiteľná bolesť,, stres / distres a agitovanosť.

BOLESŤ STRES AGITOVANOSŤ

BEHAVIORÁLNE ZMENY V REAKCIÁCH CH NA BOLESŤ BEHAVIORÁLNE ZMENY V REAKCIÁCH CH NA BOLESŤ!! Telesne a emocionálne vyčerpan erpané neprejavujú svoju bolesť navonok.

HODNOTENIE BOLESTI Pomocou techniky: monitory vitálnych funkcií, NIRS, EEG, EMG, MRI, zmeny elektrickej vodivosti kože. Hodnotiace systémy / škály: náročné hodnotenie, hodnotiť kedykoľvek, rozdelené podľa a toho akú bolesť,, oblasťči i vekovú skupinu hodnotia, reliabilné, validné a klinicky využite iteľné. HODNOTIACE ŠKÁLY SYSTÉMY) LY (NÁSTROJE / IBCS Infant Body Coding System hodnotenie pohybov rúk, nôh, celých končat atín, hlavy, trupu a ďalšie odpovede na bolestivé stimuly, od 32.t.t., NFCS Neonatal Facial Coding System hodnotenie mimiky tváre, od 25.t.t., NIPS Neonatal Infant Pain Scale hodnotenie výrazu tváre, plač,, dýchanie, pohyb a polohu končat atín, stav spánku a bdenia, DSVNI Distress Scale for Ventilated Newborn Infants u ventilovaných novorodencov,

HODNOTIACE ŠKÁLY SYSTÉMY) LY (NÁSTROJE / PIPP Premature Infant Pain Profile delenie novorodencov podľa t.t.,., hodnotí sa správanie sa novorodenca, vitálne funkcie, mimika pred a po zákroku, z CRIES Cries, Requires, Increased, Expresion, Sleepless pooperačná bolesť,, novorodenci od 32.t.t., EDIN Échelle Douleur Inconfort Noveau-Né hodnotenie dlhodobej bolesti a diskomfortu u nedonosených novorodenocv od 26.t.t., SUN Scale for Use in Newborns behaviorálne a fyziologické oblasti, HODNOTIACE ŠKÁLY SYSTÉMY) LY (NÁSTROJE / COMFORT Scale hodnotenie pooperačnej bolesti u detí 0 3 roky, 8 oblastí správania sa a FF, DAN Scale Douleur Aigue du Nouveau-né procedurálna bolesť u novorodencov od 25. t.t. N-PASS Neonatal Pain, Agitaation and Sedation Scale multidimenzionálny lny nástroj, hodnotenie plaču, stavu správania sa, výrazu tváre, končat atín n a VF, PAIN The Pain Assesssment Inventory for Neonates hodnotenie správania sa a fyziologických reakcií na bežnú starostlivosť a reakcie na bolestivé podnety.

ZÁVER Neoddeliteľnou súčass asťou práce sestier na všetkých v stupňoch neonatologických pracovísk je hodnotenie a ovplyvňovanie ovanie bolesti. V súčasnej dobe užu vieme, že e novorodenec je schopný cítiť bolesť.. U týchto detí sa však v ťažko odlišuje bolesť od všeobecnej stresovej reakcie. Manažment bolesti nesmieme zanedbať z humánnych dôvodov, ale najmä preto, že e bolesť u novorodencov môže e spomaliť, či i dokonca zvráti tiť proces uzdravovania a vývoja dieťaťa.