Program 2013-2014 Master 2 - BioMaterials Track (BioMAT) Engineering of Materials for Health Track organization: Semester 1 Semester 2 UE 3.0 Seminars and Conferences UE 3.1 Interdisciplinary week UE 3.2 Projects and methods UE 3.3 Modelling and simulation in biomechanics UE 3.4 Basics in cell and tissue biology UE 3.5 Basics in biomaterials science UE3.6b Principles of tissue engineering UE3.7b Osteoarticular repair UE3.8b Handling of proteins and biomembranes UE3.9b Biointerfaces UE3.10b Cell mechanics, adhesion and motility UE3.11b Cardiovascular repair UE 4.0 Ethics and bioengineering UE 4.1 Economical and industrial aspects UE 4.2 Research Project All BME-Paris BioMAT & BioMECA BioMAT All BME-Paris One should select at least 4 UE (with at least 3 in the subtrack). Validation of each one of these courses accounts for 3ECTS. 1/5
Detailed course description (semester 1): UE 3.3 Modelling and simulation in biomechanics Coordinators: Pr. P. Rouch (A&M-ParisTech) & Dr Y.Tillier (Mines-ParisTech) This lecture provides the basic knowledge in mechanics and numerical simulation that will be necessary to model biomechanics problems. Modelling of musculoskeletic structures will be more particularly studied through the modelling of their geometry, materials, boundary conditions and validation methods. Mechanical simulators Interest of using simulators in biomechanics Overview of existing models: geometrical models, mass-spring, finite elements... Requirements for a good simulation: constitutive law, meshing, boundary conditions... Mechanical characterization of soft and hard tissues Classical mechanical testing methods Characterization through inverse analysis Example: characterization and modelling of uterus Example: characterization and modelling of mandibular bones Finite element modelling Formulation Solvers and Meshing Isoparametric elements Case studies 2D simulation on ANSYS of a hip prosthesis: validation and implantation UE 3.4 Basics in cell and tissue biology Coordinator: Pr. M. Corvol (Paris Descartes) In-depth knowledge about the characterization of living tissues at the molecular and cellular level from biological and clinical perspectives. Objectives are : 1- to characterize the different living tissues when they are submitted to sharp or chronic trauma. Special emphasis is given to the tissues of the musculo-skelettic system. 2- to give an overview of the current state of the art in tissue and cell therapies to treat tissue pathologies including their limitations and future developments. Key words: mechanisms of development, growth, degenerescence and healing of tissues chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, myogenesis, angiogenesis regenerative medicine: tissular and cellular therapies applied to cartilage, bone, muscle and nerve tissues. 2/5
UE 3.5 Basics in biomaterials science Coordinator: Dr. L. Corté (Mines-ParisTech) This series of lectures will provide fundamental knowledge about the main classes of materials used in biomedical applications (metals, bioceramics, biopolymers, hydrogels). These courses will be based on a multidisciplinary approach combining physical-chemistry (synthesis, manipulation, characterization...). Both fundamental principles as well as biomedical applications in the cardiovascular, orthopedics and dental fields will be treated. General concepts in biomaterials science (main classes of materials, biocompatibility, bioactivity, ) (CORTE Laurent, PRIMA Frédéric) Metals for biomedical applications (PRIMA Frédéric) Physical chemistry of ceramics for implants (BERGER Marie-Hélène) Ceramic coating processes for implants (GUIPONT Vincent) Basics in polymer physics (macromolecular statistics, rubber elasticity, macromolecules in solution) (CORTE Laurent) Biosourced polymers for medical applications (BUDTOVA Tatiana, NAVARD Patrick) Gels for biomedical applications (TRIBET Christophe) UE 3.6b Principles of tissue engineering Coordinator: Dr. L. Corté (Mines-ParisTech) These lectures will provide an advanced introduction to the use of biomaterials for implant design and the current developments in tissue engineering. It will focus on the scientific and technical concepts involved in tissue engineering. Seminars and debates with researchers currently working on tissue engineering for cartilage and intervertebral disk (J.Guicheux & J.Clouet, Nantes Univ.), nanotechnology for tissue engineering (C.Wilhelm, Paris Diderot, Univ.), manipulation of stem cells for tissue engineering (W. Habeler, I-Stem). Main features are: General principles (degradation, host response, angiogenesis, cell sourcing ) Materials and processing for scaffold design Characterization methods Seminars Case studies UE 3.7b Osteoarticular repair Coordinator: Dr. F. Sailhan (Paris Descartes) This course will deal with the current approaches and challenges for the reconstruction of the osteoarticular system, including bone, cartilage, ligaments and tendons. These questions will be addressed under a clinical and biological angle by experts working on surgical approaches, use and functionalization of biomaterials (bone cement, BMP, ceramics ) and engineering of osteo-articular tissues. 3/5
UE 3.8b Handling of proteins and biomembranes Coordinator: Dr. C. Tribet (ENS) These lectures will deal with the conceptual and molecular tools to manipulate two essential building blocks of cells: proteins and lipid membranes. They will aim at the following goals: To give a rational summary on the role of small perturbations of solvatation free energies and how they can trigger large responses in both protein folding and membrane properties. To exemplify on how tailored molecular and macromolecular tools help to manipulate the stability of proteins and membranes. To list (macro)molecular additives of importance to biotechnologies (for refolding of engineered proteins, storage of bioproducts, enhancing circulation time in vivo and controlling permeabilisation of cell membranes) UE 3.9b Biointerfaces Coordinator: Dr. A. Galtayries (Chimie-ParisTech) This course will provide in-depth knowledge about the understanding and control of surface phenomena in biosystems. The following aspects will be explored: surface science approaches to characterize biointerfaces from model chiral surfaces to more applied biofilms, biocorrosion and biomaterials. surface functionnalization in several contexts involving biological molecules in interaction with surfaces (biosensors, DNA/protein/sugar arrays, biocide surfaces ). Key words: surface science approach, surface spectroscopies, surface functionnalization and characterization, surface strategies for biomolecules immobilization. UE 3.10b Cell mechanics, adhesion and motility Coordinator: Dr. R. Allena (Arts et Métiers-ParisTech) The general objective of this course is to understand the role of each component of the cell in cell migration and invasion with a particular focus on the mechanics of the biological phenomenon. The course will cover general mechanisms of cell migration on 2D substrates and in 3D environment as well as in biological systems. Different modes of migration such as single and collective cell migration will be explored. Seminars given by researchers working in the field are organized to provide realistic examples on specific topics. Key words: cytoskeleton, actin based motility, focal adhesions, single and collective migration. 4/5
UE 3.11b Cardiovascular repair Coordinator: Pr. A. Lafont (Paris Descartes) These lectures will provide an in-depth introduction to the scientific and clinical challenges that are encountered today in cardio-vascular repair. Current and future therapeutic approaches will be presented and discussed. Classes are organized as follows: Physiopathology of the cardiovascular system (B. Levy) Cardiovascular tissue engineering (D. Letourneur / A. Pellé) Arterial stents: principles, limitations, perspectives (A. Lafont) Cardiac valve repair in children (Y. Boudjemline) Cardiac valve repair in adults (R. Zegdi) Modeling of the cardiovascular system (M. Sorine) Perturbation of the arterial flux and endothelialisation (A. Barakat) 5/5