6 th Grade Intensive Math

6 th Grade Intensive Math

2-1 Practice A Properties and Mental Math Choose the letter of the equation that shows the given property. 1. Associative Property 2. Distributive Property A 2 + 3 = 3 + 2 F 3 (6 11) = (3 6) 11 B 7 8 = 7 (4 + 4) G 75 + 15 = 15 + 75 C 8 (6 5) = (8 6) 5 H 9 8 = 8 9 D 9 (2 + 4) = (9 2) + (9 4) I 12 (4 + 7) = (12 4) + (12 7) 3. Commutative Property 4. Associative Property A 3 (7 + 8) = 3 15 F 20 (3 + 3) = (20 3) + (20 3) B (10 + 4) + 3 = 10 + (4 + 3) G 4 + (3 + 9) = (4 + 3) + 9 C (9 + 2) 5 = (9 5) + (2 5) H (10 + 5) 7 = 15 7 D 6 5 = 5 6 I 16 8 = 8 16 Rewrite each expression using the named property. 5. 8 + 12; Commutative Property 6. (9 6) 4; Associative Property 7. 3 (5 + 2); Distributive Property 8. 2 (4 + 5); Distributive Property Find each sum or product. 9. 7 + 15 + 3 + 5 10. 7 2 5 11. 4 3 5 Multiply using the Distributive Property. 12. 4 38 13. 6 53 14. 8 42 15. Sue has $4, Tom has $11, Brian has $6, and Anita has $9. Use mental math to find how much money they have altogether. 16. Each minibus seats 14 people, and the school owns 5 minibuses. Use mental math to find how many students can ride in the school s minibuses at the same time. 50 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-1 Reading Strategies Focus on Vocabulary The Commutative, Associative, and Distributive Properties of mathematics can make it easier to use mental math. Commutative Property The word commute means to exchange. In mathematics, when addends or factors exchange places, the sum or product is not affected. Addends change places Factors change places 13 + 18 + 17 4 7 5 13 + 17 + 18 4 5 7 30 + 18 = 48 20 7 = 140 Associative Property The word associate means to join. In mathematics, when addends or factors are joined, or grouped, with parentheses in different ways, the sum or product is not affected. Addends are grouped Factors are grouped 11 + 4 + 16 7 8 5 11 + (4 + 16) 7 (8 5) 11 + 20 = 31 7 40 = 280 Distributive Property The word distribute means to give out. In mathematics, you can distribute a factor over a sum without affecting the original product. 5 17 17 = 10 + 7 (5 10) + (5 7) Distribute 5 as a factor. 50 + 35 Multiply. 85 Add. Answer each question. 1. Rewrite 17 + 8 + 13 using the Commutative Property, then compute. 2. Rewrite 9 8 5 using the Associative Property, then compute. 3. Rewrite 7 28 using the Distributive Property, then compute. 57 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-1 Review for Mastery Properties and Mental Math Commutative Property Changing the order of addends does not change the sum. 21 + 13 = 13 + 21 Changing the order of factors does not change the product. 5 7 = 7 5 Associative Property Changing the grouping of addends does not change the sum. (3 + 8) + 4 = 3 + (8 + 4) Changing the grouping of factors does not change the product. 2 (7 4) = (2 7) 4 Distributive Property When you multiply a number by a sum, you can Find the sum and then multiply. 3 (8 + 4) = 3 12 = 36 Multiply the number by each addend and then find the sum. 3 (8 + 4) = (3 8) + (3 4) = 24 + 12 = 36 or Identify the property shown. 1. 3 (2 6) = (3 2) 6 2. 7 + 18 = 18 + 7 3. 4 (8 + 5) = (4 8) + (4 5) 4. 11 8 = 8 11 5. 3 (8 + 4) = (3 8) + (3 4) 6. (3 + 8) + 4 = 3 + (8 + 4) Identify the property shown and the missing number in each equation. 7. 9 + 16 = y + 9 8. 4 (3 2) = (4 n) 2 9. 3 (11 + 4) = (3 a) + (3 4) 10. 6 (9 + 14) = (b 9) + (b 14) 53 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-1 Review for Mastery Properties and Mental Math (continued) Find each sum or product. A. 8 + 9 + 22 + 31 8 + 22 + 9 + 31 Use the Commutative Property. (8 + 22) + (9 + 31) Use the Associative Property. 30 + 40 Use mental math to add. 70 B. 5 7 4 7 5 4 Use the Commutative Property. 7 (5 4) Use the Associative Property. 7 20 Use mental math to multiply. 140 Find each sum or product. 11. 3 + 58 + 27 + 22 12. 8 3 5 13. 5 3 4 14. 54 + 32 + 78 + 106 15. 84 + 11 + 26 + 39 16. 10 3 7 Find the product. 6 34 Step 1: Write one factor as a sum of two numbers. 6 34 = 6 (30 + 4) Step 2: Use the Distributive Property. 6 (30 + 4) = (6 30) + (6 4) Step 3: Use mental math to multiply and add. (6 30) + (6 4) = 180 + 24 = 204 Use the Distributive Property to find each product. 17. 6 43 18. 12 34 19. 53 4 20. 74 8 54 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 2-1 Student Worksheet Properties and Mental Math Problem 1 I need to rearrange this equation, so I can add it in my head. 12 4 18 46 Look for sums of 10. 12 18 4 46 (12 18) (4 46) 12 18 30 4 46 50 30 50 30 50 80 80 Problem 2 4 23 It would be easier to multiply by a multiple of 10. 4 (20 3) 23 is the same as 20 3. Multiply 4 by each number. (4 20) (4 3) 80 12 92 Think and Discuss 1. In Problem 1, why did you group 12 and 18 together? 2. Does it matter which number you add first in Problem 1? 3. In Problem 2, is it easier to multiply 23 4 or 20 4? 4. Which properties did you use in Problem 1? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 12 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

2-2 Practice A Variables and Expressions Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following is an algebraic expression? A 4 + 13 B 10 (3 2) C 15 5 D 9 n 3. Which of these expressions is a way to rewrite the algebraic expression n 3? n A 3 B n 3 C 3n 3 D n 2. What is the variable in the expression (16 + a) 5 4? F 16 G a H 5 I n 4. Which of these expressions is not a way to rewrite the algebraic expression n 4? F n(4) G n 4 4 H n I 4n Evaluate each expression to find the missing values in the tables. 5. n n + 3 1 4 2 5 7 10 6. n n 2 2 2 8 3 5 7 8 7. If x = 3, what is the value of the expression 6 x? 8. If x = 2, what is the value of the expression 9 x? 59 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-2 Reading Strategies Focus on Vocabulary The word vary means change. In math, a variable is a letter that holds a place for numbers that change. 1. Give some examples of things that vary. The opposite of variable is constant. Something that is constant never changes, such as the street number of your house or the number of inches in a foot. 2. Give some examples of things that are constant. In English, we use words in expressions such as, see you soon or have a good day. In math, we use numbers and symbols to write expressions for other numbers. 10 + 3 4 + 8 + 5 2(8 + 5) 3. Write a math expression for 14. 4. Write a math expression for 25. An algebraic expression is a math expression that contains a variable. x + 5 3n + 1 8 w For Exercises 5 8, write yes if the expression is an algebraic expression or no if it is not. 5. n + 7 6. 8(y + 1) 7. 6 + (10 + 5) 8. 4x 1 65 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-2 Review for Mastery Variables and Expressions A variable is a letter or a symbol that stands for a number that can change. A constant is an amount that does not change. A mathematical phrase that contains at least one variable is an algebraic expression. In the algebraic expression x + 5, x is a variable and 5 is a constant. When you evaluate an algebraic expression, substitute a number for the variable and then find the value. To evaluate the algebraic expression m 8 for m = 12, first replace the variable m in the expression with 12. m 8 12 8 Then find the value of the expression. 12 8 = 4 The value of m 8 is 4 when m = 12. Evaluate each expression for the given value of the variable. 1. x + 5, for x = 6 2. 3p, for p = 5 3. z 4, for z = 24 4. w 7, for w = 15 To find the missing values in a table, use the given values of the variable. x 4x 3 12 4 Think: x = 3, so 4x = 4 3 = 12 Think: x = 4, so 4x = 4 4 = 16 Think: x = 5, so 4x = 4 5 = 20 5 Evaluate each expression to find the missing values in the tables. 5. x x + 7 3 10 5 7 6. y y 2 9 10 14 62 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 2-2 Student Worksheet Variables and Expressions Problem 1 Find the missing values in the table. Step 1: Find 6 2. 6 2 6 6 36. Step 2: Multiply 4 n. Step 3: Add. n 4 n 6 2 4 n 36 1 40 (4 1) 4 4 36 40 2 (4 2) 8 8 36 44 3 (4 3) 12 12 36 48 Problem 2 Find the missing values in the table. l w l w length width 4 2 4 2 8 square units 5 2 5 2 square units 6 2 6 2 square units 7 2 7 2 square units So, the missing values are,, and. Find the number of square units, if l 10 and w 2. So, the missing values are and. Think and Discuss Use the table below for 1. n 4 n 6 2 1 40 4 5 1. Find the missing values. Use the table below for 2. l w l w 4 2 4 2 8 square units 8 2 8 2 square units 9 2 9 2 square units 2. Find the missing values. Copyright by Holt McDougal. 14 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

2-3 Practice A Translating Between Words and Math Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following is the solution to an addition problem? A product B sum C plus D add 3. Which word phrase represents the following expression: 5 3? A the product of 5 and 3 B 5 less than 3 C the quotient of 5 and 3 D the sum of 5 and 3 2. Which of the following is the solution to a subtraction problem? F minus G times H difference I less 4. Which word phrase represents the following expression: 14 n? F the difference of 14 and n G 14 more than n H take away n from 14 I the quotient of 14 and n Match each situation to its algebraic expression below. A. 8 x B. 8x C. 8 x D. x + 8 E. x 8 F. x 8 5. 8 take away x 7. the product of 8 and x 9. 8 more than x 11. Lily bought 14 beads and lost some of them. This situation is modeled by the expression 14 x. What does x represent in the expression? 6. x divided by 8 8. the quotient of 8 and x 10. x decreased by 8 12. The pet store put the same number of hamsters in 6 cages. This situation is modeled by the expression 6n. What does n represent? 67 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-3 Reading Strategies Use a Visual Map Identifying word phrases for different operations can help you write algebraic expressions. This visual map shows the four different operations with key word phrases. x + 15 x plus 15 add 15 to x the sum of x and 15 15 more than x x increased by 15 4 y or (4)(y) or 4y 4 times y y multiplied by 4 the product of 4 and y Word Phrases for Algebraic Expressions s 6 6 subtracted from s subtract 6 from s 6 less than s s decreased by 6 take away 6 from s a 2 or a 2 a divided by 2 the quotient of a with a divisor of 2 Write a word phrase for each algebraic expression. 1. t 8 2. n 6 3. 5w 4. z + 12 Write an algebraic expression for each word phrase. 5. the product of x and 12 6. m decreased by 5 7. the quotient of p with a divisor of 3 8. 25 more than r 73 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-3 Review for Mastery Translating Between Words and Math There are key words that tell you which operations to use for mathematical expressions. Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division (combine) (less) (put together groups of equal parts) (separate into equal groups) add plus sum total increased by more than minus difference subtract less than decreased by take away product times multiply quotient divide You can use key words to help you translate between word phrases and mathematical phrases. A. 3 plus 5 B. 3 times x C. 5 less than p D. h divided by 6 3 + 5 3x p 5 h 6 Write each phrase as a numerical or algebraic expression. 1. 4 less than 8 2. q divided by 3 3. f minus 6 4. d multiplied by 9 You can use key words to write word phrases for mathematical phrases. A. 7k B. 5 2 the product of 7 and k 5 minus 2 7 times k 2 less than 5 Write a phrase for each expression. 5. z 4 6. 5 6 7. m 6 8. s + 3 70 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 2-3 Problem 1 Student Worksheet Translating Between Words and Math Write an expression showing how much longer the Nile River is than the Amazon River. NILE RIVER length n 4,000 miles n 4,000 The expression is n 4,000. AMAZON RIVER 4,000 miles Problem 2 Write an expression. s s s s s s s s s s s s Think and Discuss s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s The total number of senators is 50 times s. 1. Why does Problem 1 use subtraction? There are 50 states There are s senators for each state. 50s 2. Why does Problem 2 use multiplication? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 16 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

2-4 Practice A Translating Between Tables and Expressions Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which sentence about the table is true? Cars Wheels 1 4 2 8 3 12 c 4c A The number of wheels is the number of cars plus 4. B The number of wheels is the number of cars minus 4. C The number of wheels is the number of cars divided by 4. D The number of wheels is 4 times the number of cars. Write an expression for the missing value in each table. 3. Motorcycle Wheels 1 2 2 4 3 6 m Write an expression for the sequence in the table. 2. Which sentence about the table is not true? Brett s Age Joy s Age 10 11 11 12 12 13 b b + 1 F Joy s age is Brett s age plus 1. G When Brett s age is b, Joy s age is b + 1. H Add 1 to Brett s age to get Joy s age. I Subtract 1 from Brett s age to get Joy s age. 4. Marbles Bags 15 3 20 4 25 5 m 5. Position 1 2 3 4 5 n Value of Term 3 4 5 6 7 6. What is the value of the term in position 6 in Exercise 5?. 75 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-4 Reading Strategies Identify Relationships When you are related to someone, you are connected by something in common. When you look at the positions and the values of terms in a table, they are related, too. You can find the connection, or relationship. Then you can write an expression for the sequence. Position 1 2 3 4 5 n Value of Term 10 11 12 13 14? Read the value of the term in the first position. Note how it is related to its position. 1 + 9 = 10 position 1 relationship between value of term position and value of term in position 1 Check to see if the relationship works for the second position. 2 + 9 = 11 position 2 relationship between value of term position and value of term in position 2 Check again. Use the value of the term in the third position. 3 + 9 = 12 position 3 relationship between value of term position and value of term in position 3 So, the expression for the sequence is n + 9. Use this table to answer Exercises 1 6. Position 1 2 3 4 5 n Value of Term 5 10 15 20 25? 1. How do you go from position 1 to the value of its term, 5? 2. Try the relationship for the next term. Can you add 4 to 2 and get 10? Does n + 4 work? 3. Try another relationship for postion 1 and its term. How else can you go from 1 to 5? 4. Try this relationship for the next term. Can you multiply 2 by 5 and get 10? 5. Check again by using the value of the term in the third position. Can you multiply 3 by 5 and get 15? 6. What is the expression for the sequence in the table? 81 Holt McDougal Mathematics

2-4 Review for Mastery Translating Between Tables and Expressions You can write an expression for data in a table. The expression must work for all of the data. Cats Legs 1 4 2 8 3 12 c? Think: When there is 1 cat, there are 4 legs. 4 1 = 4 When there are 2 cats, there are 8 legs. 4 2 = 8 When there are 3 cats, there are 12 legs. 4 3 = 12 So, when there are c cats, there are 4c legs. You can write an expression for the sequence in a table. Find a rule for the data in the table that works for the whole sequence. Position 1 2 3 4 5 n Value of Term 4 5 6 7 8? Step 1 Look at the value of the term in position 1. 4 is 3 more than 1. Step 2 Try the rule for position 2. 5 is 3 more than 2. Step 3 Try the rule for the rest of the positions. 6 is 3 more than 3, 7 is 3 more than 4, and 8 is 3 more than 5. So, the expression for the sequence is n + 3. Write an expression for the missing value in each table. 1. People Legs 1 2 2 4 3 6 p Write an expression for the sequence in each table. 2. Yoko s Age Mel s Age 9 19 10 20 11 21 y 3. Position 1 2 3 4 5 n Value of Term 3 6 9 12 15 78 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 2-4 Student Worksheet Translating Between Tables and Expressions Problem 1 1 player and 1 game board 32 pieces 1 player and 3 game boards 96 pieces 32 32 32 96 What is happening to the chess pieces? Complete. 32 32 32 32 32 32 5 They are multiplying. 32 3 96 Problem 2 Remember An expression uses numbers and operation signs. A value is a specific number for an expression. A sequence is an ordered set of numbers. n Reilly s age n 2 Ashley s age When Reilly is 12, how old will Ashley be? n 2 12 2 When Reilly is 12, the value of n 2 is 14. So, Ashley will be 14 years old. Think and Discuss 1. How many chess pieces will there be when 6 games of chess are played at the same time? 2. What is the expression for the sequence in the table? Reilly s Age Ashley s Age 4 9 5 10 6 11 Copyright by Holt McDougal. 18 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

3-1 Practice A Representing, Comparing, and Ordering Decimals Write the value of the underlined digit in each number. 1. 1.6 2. 7.62 3. 3.69 4. 20.4 5. 5.136. 6. 5.08 Write each decimal in standard form, expanded form, and words. 7. 1.8 8. 3 + 0.6 + 0.02 9. one and fifty-two hundredths Circle the letter of the correct answer. 10. Which of the following sets is written in order from greatest to least? A 1.7, 1.07, 17 B 5.2, 2.5, 0.52 C 1.07, 17, 1.7 D 2.5, 0.52, 5.2 11. Which of the following sets is written in order from least to greatest? F 0.85, 8.5, 5.8 G 4.3, 3.4, 0.43 H 5.8, 0.85, 8.5 I 0.43, 3.4, 4.3 12. Reno, Nevada, gets an average of only five-tenths inch of rain in June, and only three-tenths inch of rain in July. Which month in Reno has less rain? 13. Honolulu, Hawaii, gets an average of three and eight tenths inches of rain in December, and three and six tenths inches of rain in January. Which month in Honolulu has more rain? 127 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-1 Reading Strategies Connect Symbols and Words You can read and write decimals in three ways. A place value chart can help you read decimals. When you read or say a decimal, say and when you come to the decimal point. Read: 2 and 5 tenths 17 hundredths 8 and 6 hundredths Use this chart to help you write decimals in standard form and in expanded form. Words and Symbols Standard Form Expanded Form 2 and 5 tenths 17 hundredths 8 and 6 hundredths 2.5 0.17 8.06 2 + 0.5 0.1 + 0.07 8 + 0.06 Write each decimal in words and symbols, standard form, or expanded form. 1. Write 2.17 with words and symbols. 2. Write 2.17 in expanded form. 3. Write 3 and 6 hundredths in standard form. 4. Write 3 and 6 hundredths in expanded form. 5. Write 1.5 with words and symbols. 6. Write 1.5 in expanded form. 134 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-1 Review for Mastery Representing, Comparing, and Ordering Decimals You can use place value to write decimals in standard form, expanded form, and word form. To write 2.14 in expanded form, write the decimal as an addition expression using the place value of each digit. 2.14 can be written as 2 + 0.1 + 0.04. When you write a decimal in word form, the number before the decimal point tells you how many wholes there are. The decimal point stands for the word and. Notice that the place value names to the right of the decimal begin with tenths, hundredths, and then thousandths. The ths ending indicates a decimal. 2.14 can also be written as two and fourteen hundredths. 1. How would you read a number with 4 decimal places to the right of the decimal point? Write each decimal in standard form, expanded form, and word form. 2. 3. 4. 7 + 0.8 5. twelve hundredths 130 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-1 Review for Mastery Representing, Comparing, and Ordering Decimals (cont.) You can use place value to compare decimals. Use < or > to compare the decimals. 0.06 > 0.05, so 3.768 > 3.754. Compare. Write >, <, or =. 6. 7. 8. 1.03 1.3 4.67 4.670 0.3645 0.3465 9. 8.53 8.053 10. 2.253 2.1345 11. 0.87 0.08703 You can use place value to order decimals. To order 9.76, 8.59, and 9.24, from least to greatest, first compare the numbers in pairs. 9.76 > 8.59, 8.59 < 9.24, 9.76 > 9.24. So the numbers from least to greatest are 8.59, 9.24, 9.76. Order the decimals from least to greatest. 12. 0.54, 0.43, 0.52 13. 3.43, 3.34, 3.4 14. 8.9, 9.8, 9.5 15. 0.83, 0.8, 0.083 16. 1.1, 0.01,1.01 17. 6.5, 6.0, 0.6 131 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 3-1 Student Worksheet Representing, Comparing, and Ordering Decimals Problem 1 Place value charts can help you read and write decimals. A. B.. 5 1ones 0tenths hundredths thousandths ten-thousandths. 0ones 0tenths hundredths thousandths 5 1 7ten-thousandths Problem 2 Which number is larger? 0.12 or 0.50 First, line up the decimal points. 0. 1 2 0. 5 0 So, 0.12 0.50. Compare each digit. Is 1 5? Think and Discuss 1. In Problem 1 what word does the decimal point refer to? 2. Why should you align the decimal point when comparing and ordering decimals? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 30 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

3-2 Practice A Estimating Decimals Round each decimal to the underlined place value. 1. 1.78 2. 0.569 3. 12.62 4. 3.215 5. 24.608 6. 37.84 Estimate by rounding to the indicated place value. 7. 3.67 + 1.23; tenths 8. 0.726 + 0.119; hundredths 9. 12.86 5.73; tenths 10. 8.643 2.795; nearest whole number Estimate each product or quotient. 11. 17.6 6.2 12. 1.9 7.045 13. 23.8 4.3 14. 9.02 4.65 15. 36.1 3.9 16. 2.8 5.35 17. Latoya measured the growth of a plant for her science project. When she started the project, the plant was 2.8 inches tall. At the end of the project, the plant was 5.2 inches tall. About how many inches did the plant grow during Latoya s project? 18. Tyler bought 16.2 yards of cloth to make costumes for the school play. He needs 3.8 yards of the cloth to make each costume. About how many costumes can Tyler make with the cloth he bought? 136 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-2 Reading Strategies Use Context You estimate to get an approximate answer. Rounding decimals to the nearest whole number is one way to estimate. Mike s mom bought 3.28 pounds of cheddar cheese. She also bought 2.75 pounds of Swiss cheese. About how many pounds of cheese did she buy? To round to the nearest whole number, look at the tenths place. 3.28 2 is less than 5; round down to 3. +2.75 7 is greater than 5; round up to 3. 3.28 + 2.75 rounded to the nearest whole number is: 3 + 3 = 6 pounds of cheese. Complete each problem. 1. Which decimal place value do you look at to round to the nearest whole number? 2. Round 34.67 pounds to the nearest pound. 3. Round 42.19 pounds to the nearest pound. 4. Estimate this sum: 42.19 pounds + 34.67 pounds. 5. Round $54.14 to the nearest dollar. 6. Round $21.54 to the nearest dollar. 7. Estimate the difference: $54.14 $21.54. 142 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-2 Review for Mastery Estimating Decimals You can use rounding to estimate. Round to the indicated place value. Then add or subtract. A. 3.478 + 7.136; tenths B. 12.848 6.124; hundredths 3.478 7 5, so round up 3.5 12.848 8 5, so round up 12.85 7.136 3 < 5, so round down +7.1 6.124 4 < 5, so round down 6.12 10.6 6.73 3.478 + 7.136 is about 10.6. 12.848 6.124 is about 6.73. Estimate by rounding to the indicated place value. 1. 1.04 + 9.37; tenths 2. 2.17 + 3.56; tenths 3. 6.753 4.245; hundredths 1.04 rounds to 2.17 rounds to 6.753 rounds to 9.37 rounds to 3.56 rounds to 4.255 rounds to estimate estimate estimate You can use compatible numbers to estimate. Pick numbers that are close to the actual numbers that are easy to multiply or divide. Then multiply or divide. A. 4.6 3.2 B. 48.3 13.2 5 and 3 are compatible numbers. 48 and 12 are compatible numbers. 5 3 = 15, so 4.6 3.2 is about 15. 48 12 = 4, so 48.3 13.2 is about 4. Use compatible numbers to estimate each product or quotient. 4. 9.4 5.6 5. 7.25 10.84 6. 84.8 3.9 7. 21.9 3.1 8. 8.3 7.6 9. 55.7 6.9 10. 5.57 2.7 11. 6.729 9.8 139 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 3-2 Student Worksheet Estimating Decimals Problem 1 What number do these decimals cluster around? 198.45 calories 210.6 calories 194.4 calories 200 calories 200 calories 200 calories 600 calories Problem 2 Estimate by rounding. When rounding to the ones place, look to the digit to the right of the ones place. 3.92 6.48 9 5, so round 3.92 up. 4 6 10 4 5, so round 6.48 down. Think and Discuss 1. Explain why clustering is a good way to estimate the number of calories in Problem 1. 2. Explain why you rounded 6.48 to 6 in Problem 2. Copyright by Holt McDougal. 32 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

3-3 Practice A Adding and Subtracting Decimals Find each sum or difference. 1. 1.5 + 2.3 2. 6.5 + 1.4 3. 8.9 5.1 4. 12.6 3.4 5. 8.16 7.02 6. 7.25 + 8.75 7. 11.4 + 8.6 8. 16.5 4.3 9. 9.55 1.2 10. 25.6 + 5.1 11. 8.9 + 3.05 12. 10.64 8.5 Circle the letter of the correct answer. 13. If x = 2.3, what is the value of the expression 5.4 + x? A 3.1 C 7.1 B 7.7 D 3.7 15. If m = 1.9, what is the value of the expression m + 4.2? A 2.3 C 6.1 B 2.2 D 7.1 14. If a = 4.2, what is the value of the expression 8.7 a? F 12.9 H 4.5 G 4.9 I 12.5 16. If y = 5.9, what is the value of the expression 7.2 y? F 1.3 H 13.3 G 1.7 I 13.1 17. Marcus is 1.5 meters tall. His sister, Carol, is 0.1 meter taller than Marcus. Their father is 0.2 meter taller than Carol. How tall is Carol? How tall is their father? 18. Jennifer brought $14.75 to the baseball game. She spent $3.45 for a hot dog and soda. How much money does she have left? 144 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-3 Reading Strategies Use an Organizer Writing decimals in a place-value grid helps you line up decimal points to add or subtract decimals. 1.40 Add zeros as place holders. 28.05 5.38 6.30 +2.70 Place decimal point in answer. 21.75 9.48 1. How does the place-value grid help you add or subtract? 2. Place these numbers on the placevalue grid below: 3.25, 1.06, 2.9. 3. Place this problem on the place-value grid below: 23.82 7.2. 4. Add the numbers on the place-value grid. What is the sum? 5. Subtract the numbers on the placevalue grid. What is the difference? 6. For which numbers did you add zero as a place holder? 150 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-3 Review for Mastery Adding and Subtracting Decimals You can use a place-value chart to help you add and subtract decimals. Add 1.4 and 0.9. Subtract 2.4 from 3.1. So, 1.4 + 0.9 = 2.3. So, 3.1 2.4 = 0.7. Find each sum or difference. 1. 2. 3. 4.3 + 1.4 4. 14.4 3.8 5. 7.3 + 8.5 6. 12.34 6.9 7. 6.3 2.5 8. 20.65 + 13.24 9. 8.9 1.95 10. 3.42 + 5.25 147 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 3-3 Student Worksheet Adding and Subtracting Decimals Problem 1 How do I add decimals? Step 1: Align the decimal points. Step 2: Add zeros as placeholders. 9.7 9.7 9.3 9.45 9.70 9.70 9.30 9.45 Step 3: Add one place at a time. Then write the decimal. 9.70 9.70 9.30 9.45 38.15 Estimate to check. 10 10 9 9 38 38 is close to 38.15. Think and Discuss 1. How do you know that your answer to Problem 1 is reasonable? 2. In Step 2 when you added the zeros, did the values of the decimals change? Explain. Copyright by Holt McDougal. 34 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

3-4 Practice A Multiplying Decimals Find each product. 1. 0.4 0.2 2. 0.3 0.4 3. 1.2 0.5 4. 1.1 0.9 5. 2.5 0.5 6. 6.0 0.7 7. 0.4 0.5 8. 1.2 1.5 9. 1.7 0.3 10. 6.7 0.4 11. 9.6 0.2 12. 0.8 0.8 Evaluate 2x for each value of x. 13. x = 0.1 14. x = 0.5 15. x = 0.9 16. x = 1.2 17. x = 1.7 18. x = 2.4 19. Each box can hold 2.5 pounds of apples. How many pounds can 3 boxes hold? 20. Each pie costs $5.60. How much will it cost to buy 2 pies? 152 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-4 Reading Strategies Use a Visual Tool Each grid shows 0.15 shaded. You can add the decimals to 0.15 + 0.15 + 0.15 = 0.45 find how much of the grids are shaded. You can multiply 0.15 by 3. 0.15 3 0.45 Use these grids to complete the problems below. 1 1. Shade 0.23 in each of the 4 grids. 2. Write an addition problem for the shaded grids. 3. Find the sum of your addition problem. 4. Write a multiplication problem for your shaded picture. 5. Find the product of your multiplication problem. 158 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-4 Review for Mastery Multiplying Decimals You can use a model to help you multiply a decimal by a whole number. Find the product of 0.12 and 4, using a 10 by 10 grid. Shade 4 groups of 12 squares. Count the number of shaded squares. Since you have shaded 48 of the 100 squares, 0.12 4 = 0.48. Find each product. 1. 0.23 3 2. 0.41 2 3. 0.011 5 4. 0.32 2 5. 0.15 3 6. 0.42 2 7. 0.04 8 8. 0.22 4 You can also use a model to help you multiply a decimal by a decimal. Find the product of 0.4 and 0.6. 0.4 0.6 = 0.24 Find each product. 9. 0.2 0.8 10. 0.7 0.9 11. 0.5 0.5 12. 0.3 0.6 13. 0.5 0.2 14. 0.4 0.4 15. 0.1 0.9 16. 0.4 0.7 155 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 3-4 Student Worksheet Multiplying Decimals Problem 1 0.2 0.6 Where does the decimal point go? 0.2 (1 decimal place) 0.6 (1 decimal place) 0.12 (2 decimal places) 2 decimal places in 0.2 0.6 2 decimal places out Problem 2 0.05 0.9 Where does the decimal point go? 0.05 (2 decimal places) 0.9 (1 decimal place) 0.045 (3 decimal places) 3 decimal places in 0.05 0.9 3 decimal places out Think and Discuss 1. If Problem 1 was 0.20 0.60, where would you place the decimal point? Explain. 2. How do you know that the decimal point in Problem 2 is placed correctly? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 36 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

3-5 Practice A Dividing Decimals by Whole Numbers Find each quotient. 1. 2.8 4 2. 1.8 2 3. 3.6 6 4. 7.2 9 5. 0.15 3 6. 4.8 8 7. 0.8 4 8. 2.1 7 9. 0.32 4 10. 5.4 9 11. 3.5 5 12. 0.2 2 Evaluate 2.4 x for each given value of x. 13. x = 8 14. x = 2 15. x = 3 16. x = 4 17. x = 6 18. x = 12 19. A six-pack of orange soda costs $4.20. How much does each can in the pack cost? 20. It rained 2.7 inches in July and 2.1 inches in August. What was the average rainfall for those two months? 160 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-5 Reading Strategies Use a Visual Tool You can use a hundred grid to show division with decimals. The grid shows 0.15. 0.15 3 means separate 0.15 into 3 equal groups. 0.15 3 makes 3 equal groups of 0.05. 0.15 3 = 0.05 Use the grid to complete Exercises 1 4. 1. Shade 0.60 of the grid. 2. Divide the grid into 3 equal groups. 3. Write the decimal amount in each of the 3 groups. 4. Write a division problem for the picture you have created. 166 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-5 Review for Mastery Dividing Decimals by Whole Numbers You can use decimal grids to help you divide decimals by whole numbers. To divide 0.35 by 7, first shade 0.35 7 means divide 0.35 in a decimal grid to show into 7 equal groups. Show this thirty-five hundredths. on the decimal grid. The number of units in each group is the quotient. So, 0.35 7 = 0.05. Use decimal grids to find each quotient. 1. 0.24 4 2. 0.48 12 3. 0.50 10 4. 0.98 7 5. 0.6 5 6. 0.78 6 7. 0.99 11 8. 0.32 4 163 Holt McDougal Mathematics

12 12 L70744629F A WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F 12 12 H 293 FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS 1985 SERIES 12 12 L70744629F A DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F 12 12 FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS 1985 SERIES H 293 12 12 A 1985 SERIES 12 12 H 293 12 12 L70744629F A WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F 12 12 H 293 FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS 1985 SERIES 12 12 L70744629F A DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F 12 12 FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS 1985 SERIES H 293 12 12 A 1985 SERIES 12 12 H 293 12 12 L70744629F A WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F 12 12 H 293 FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS 1985 SERIES 12 12 L70744629F A DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F 12 12 FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS 1985 SERIES H 293 12 12 A 1985 SERIES 12 12 H 293 Name Date Class 3-5 Student Worksheet Dividing Decimals by Whole Numbers Problem 1 What does that mean? 0.75 5. It tells you to write the numbers in this format. Then divide. 5 0.7 5 0.15 5 0.7 5 Problem 2 Receipt $11.61 How do we share the cost? We have to divide the cost by 3. We each need to pay $3.87. 3.87 3 1 1.6 1 WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F WASHINGTON, D.C. L70744629F DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE L70744629F DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE L70744629F DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE L70744629F DOLLAR ONE DOLLAR ONE FOR ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TENDER LEGAL IS NOTE THIS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE Think and Discuss 1. How do you know where to place the decimal point in the quotient in Problem 1? 2. How can you determine if your answer to Problem 2 is correct? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 38 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

3-6 Practice A Dividing by Decimals Find each quotient. 1. 2.4 0.4 2. 1.4 0.2 3. 4.8 0.6 4. 8.1 0.9 5. 1.8 0.3 6. 6.4 0.8 7. 3.3 0.3 8. 2.6 1.3 9. 7.2 1.2 10. 7.5 1.5 11. 6.0 0.5 12. 9.9 1.1 Evaluate 4.8 x for each value of x. 13. x = 0.2 14. x = 0.4 15. x = 0.3 16. x = 0.6 17. x = 0.8 18. x = 1.2 19. Antonio spent $5.60 on cashews. They cost $1.40 per pound. How many pounds of cashews did Antonio buy? 20. Over several months, a scientist measured a total of 6.3 inches of snow. The average snowfall each month was 2.1 inches. How many months did the scientist measure the snow? 168 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-6 Reading Strategies Make Predictions Study the examples below. Look for patterns in the divisor and quotient. Dividend Divisor Quotient 400 20 = 20 400 2 = 200 400 0.2 = 2,000 400 0.02 = 20,000 As the divisor is divided by 10, the quotient is multiplied by 10. Use the information above to answer Exercises 1 3. 1. Predict the divisor for the next problem in this pattern. 2. Predict the quotient for the next problem in this pattern. 3. Write the next division problem and quotient for this pattern. Study the pattern created by these division problems. Use the pattern to answer Exercises 4 6. Dividend Divisor Quotient 900 30 = 30 900 3 = 300 900 0.3 = 3,000 4. Predict the next divisor in this pattern. 5. Predict the next quotient in this pattern. 6. Write the division problem and quotient that you predict would come next. 174 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-6 Review for Mastery Dividing by Decimals You can use powers of ten to help you divide a decimal by a decimal. To divide 0.048 by 0.12, first multiply each number by the least power of ten that makes the divisor a whole number. 0.048 0.12 0.12 10 2 = 12 Move the decimal point 2 places to the right. 0.048 10 2 = 4.8 Move the decimal point 2 places to the right. Then divide. 4.8 12 Step 1: Divide as you would divide a whole number by a whole number. 0.4 12 4.8 Step 2: Think 48 12 = 4. 4 8 Step 3: Bring the decimal into the quotient and add a zero placeholder if necessary. 0 So, 0.048 0.12 = 0.4. Find each quotient. 1. 0.7 0.42 2. 0.08 0.4 3. 0.5 0.125 4. 0.02 0.3 5. 0.4 0.08 6. 0.9 0.63 7. 0.008 0.4 8. 0.04 0.032 9. 0.3 0.06 10. 0.04 0.2 11. 0.007 4.9 12. 0.6 0.012 171 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 3-6 Student Worksheet Dividing by Decimals Problem 1 Find 3.6 1.2. 1. 2 3. 6 12 3 6 Divisor Dividend There is 1 decimal place in the divisor, so multiply by 10 1, or 10. That means to move the decimal 1 place to the right. Problem 2 100 miles 368.5 miles 0 miles 200 miles miles miles per gallon g gallons m ile s allon 27.5 13.4 3 6 8.5 134 3 6 8 5.0 134 3 6 8 5.0 13.4 gallons Think and Discuss 1. Does the quotient in Problem 1 have a remainder? How do you know? 2. How do you check the answer to a division problem? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 40 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

3-7 Practice A Interpreting the Quotient Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Hamburger rolls come in packs of 8. How many packs should you buy to have 60 rolls? A 8 B 6 C 5 D 7 2. Each pack of hamburger rolls costs $1.50. How many packs can you buy with $8.00? F 6 G 5 H 4 I 8 3. How many 0.6-pound hamburgers can you make with 7.8 pounds of ground beef? A 13 B 14 C 10 D 16 Write the correct answer. 5. Four friends equally shared the cost of buying supplies for the class picnic. The supplies cost a total of $12.40. How much did they each pay? 4. You spend a total of $5.10 for 3 pounds of ground beef. How much does the ground beef cost per pound? F $0.70 G $0.17 H $15.30 I $1.70 6. In all, 20 people are going to the picnic. Each van seats 6 people. How many vans are needed to take everyone to the picnic? 7. Plastic forks come in packs of 6. If you need 40 forks for the picnic, how many packs should you buy? 8. You spent a total of $9.60 on paper plates for the picnic. Each pack costs $1.20. How many packs of paper plates did you buy? 176 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-7 Reading Strategies Use Context How the decimal portion of the quotient in a division problem is used depends upon the situation. Situation 1 74 students are going on a field trip in cars. Each car can carry 5 students. How many cars are needed? Divide 74 by 5. 74 5 = 14.8 cars Reasoning 14 cars will not be enough for all students. You need 15 cars. The quotient 14.8 needs to be rounded up to 15 in this situation. Situation 2 How many 8 oz servings are in a 44 oz can of juice? Divide 44 by 8. 44 8 = 5.5 servings Reasoning There are 5 full 8 oz servings in the can. The 0.5 serving is not 8 ounces. The quotient 5.5 is rounded down to 5 in this situation. Situation 3 4 boys mowed a lawn for $35. How much money should each boy receive to share the money equally? Divide $35 by 4. $35 4 = $8.75 Reasoning The exact quotient of $8.75 states what each boy should receive. The exact quotient of $8.75 makes sense. Tell whether you would round the quotient up, round the quotient down, or leave the exact quotient for each. Write to explain your choice. 1. You need 8 inches of ribbon to make a bow. How many bows can you make with 50 inches of ribbon? 50 8 = 6.25 2. Each lunch table seats 10 children. There are 155 children in the cafeteria for each lunch period. How many tables are needed? 155 10 = 15.5 182 Holt McDougal Mathematics

3-7 Review for Mastery Interpreting the Quotient There are three ways the decimal part of a quotient can be interpreted when you solve a problem. If the question asks for an exact number, use the entire quotient. If the question asks how many whole groups are needed to put all items of the dividend into a group, round the quotient up to the next whole number. If the question asks how many whole groups can be made, drop the part of the quotient to the right of the decimal point. To interpret the quotient, decide what the question is asking. In the school library, there are tables that seat 4 students each. If there are 30 students in a class, how many tables are needed to seat all of the students? To solve, divide 30 by 4. 30 4 = 7.5 The question is asking how many tables (whole groups) are needed to put all of the students in the class (dividend) into a group. So, round 7.5 up to the next whole number. 8 tables are needed to seat all of the students. Interpret the quotient to solve each problem. 1. A recipe that serves 6 requires 9 cups of milk. How much milk is needed for each serving? 2. A storage case holds 24 model cars. Marla has 84 model cars. How many storage cases does she need to store all of her cars? 3. Kenny has $4.25 to spend at the school carnival. If game tickets are $0.50 each, how many games can Kenny play? 179 Holt McDougal Mathematics

24 exp. Name Date Class 3-7 Student Worksheet Interpreting the Quotient Problem 1 How many rolls of film do I need? 24 exp. 24 exp. Number Number of exposures Number of students on each roll of rolls of film 246 24 10.25 10.25 24 2 4 6.0 24 060 48 120 I cannot buy part of a roll, so I will have to round up to 11. 24 exp. Think and Discuss 1. If the teacher only bought 10 rolls of film, what would happen? 2. Why can t the teacher use the exact quotient as her answer? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 42 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

4-9 Practice A Estimating Fraction Sums and Differences Round each number to 0, 1, or 1. 2 1. 1 6 2. 3 7 3. 7 8 4. 2 5 5. 9 10 6. 2 15 Estimate each sum or difference by rounding to 0, 1, or 1. 2 7. 2 3 + 3 4 8. 5 6 3 5 9. 4 9 + 1 8 10. 8 9 6 7 11. 1 4 + 2 3 12. 3 4 2 3 13. 4 7 + 3 5 14. 1 5 + 4 9 15. 3 4 4 7 Use the table for Exercises 16 and 17. 16. About how far did Mia swim during week 1 and week 2 altogether? 17. About how much farther did Mia swim during week 3 than during week 1? Mia s Swimming Distances Week 1 2 3 Distance (mi) 11 4 2 3 15 6 18. Shelley used 3 5 ounce of water in her experiment. Ali used 7 9 ounce of water in his experiment. Who used more water and about how much more water was used? 19. Fred ran 6 1 11 of a mile, and then he walked 5 1 8 of a mile. About how many miles did Fred cover in all? 262 Holt McDougal Mathematics

4-9 Reading Strategies Use a Graphic Aid When you don t need exact values of fractions, you can use a number line to help you estimate the values by rounding. Fractions Close to 1 The number line shows that the fractions 5 6 and 7 are both 8 close to 1. When the numerator and denominator of a fraction are close to the same value, round to 1. Fractions Close to 1 2 The number line shows fractions such as 6 13, 9, and 12 20 23 that are close to 1 2. When the numerator is about half the value of the denominator, round to 1 2. Fractions Close to 0 The number line shows fractions such as 1 15, 6 50, and 2 that are close 25 to 0. When the numerator is much less than the denominator, round to 0. Estimate the value of each fraction. Write close to 0, close to 1, or close to 1. 2 1. 12 25 2. 1 17 3. 8 9 4. 9 10 268 Holt McDougal Mathematics

4-9 Review for Mastery Estimating Fraction Sums and Differences You can use number lines to help you estimate fraction sums and differences. To estimate the sum of 5 6 and 1 3, locate To estimate the difference between 7 8 and each fraction on a number line. Then 2, locate each fraction on a number line. 4 round each fraction to 0, 1 2, or 1. Then round each fraction to 0, 1, or 1. 2 5 6 + 1 3 7 8 2 4 1 + 1 2 = 11 2 1 1 2 = 1 2 So, 5 6 + 1 3 is about 11. 2 So, 7 8 2 4 is about 1 2. Use the number line to round each fraction to 0, 1, or 1 to estimate each 2 sum or difference. Use the number line to round each fraction to 0, 1, or 1 to estimate each 2 sum or difference. 1. 5 6 + 1 6 2. 11 12 1 2 5. 7 12 + 2 6 6. 5 6 3 8 3. 2 3 + 2 4. 1 4 4 1 3 7. 1 4 + 2 6 8. 7 8 + 14 16 265 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 4-9 Problem 1 Student Worksheet Estimating Fraction Sums and Differences Estimate the sum or difference. A. 8 9 1 2 1 1 0 1 8 9 1 2 1 is about 1 B. 7 8 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 2 0 7 8 1 2 1 is about 0 5 Think and Discuss 1. Explain how to round a fraction to 0, 1 2, or 1. 2. In Problem 1, why does the answer say that the sum is about 1? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 62 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

5-5 Practice A Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form. 1. 1 1 3 2. 3 1 8 3. 7 1 9 4. 3 1 4 5. 4 2 10 6. 3 1 6 7. 2 2 5 8. 10 1 2 9. 5 1 8 10. 4 1 6 11. 7 1 8 12. 3 2 6 13. 7 1 11 14. 3 1 9 15. 5 1 15 Evaluate 2x for each value of x. Write the answer in simplest form. 16. x = 1 4 17. x = 1 3 18. x = 1 2 19. x = 1 6 20. x = 1 7 21. x = 1 8 22. x = 2 3 23. x = 3 4 24. Richie is making 3 quarts of fruit punch for his friends. He must add 1 cup sugar to make each quart of 2 punch. How much sugar will he add? 25. Mrs. Flynn has 20 students in her class. One-fourth of her students purchased lunch tokens. How many of her students purchased tokens? 306 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-5 Reading Strategies Relate Words and Symbols Repeated addition is a way to represent multiplication of fractions. 1 8 + 1 8 + 1 8 = 3 8 three times one-eight = three-eighths 3 1 8 = 3 8 Repeated addition Words Symbols Answer the following questions. 1. What is 2 8 2? 2. What is three-eighths times two? 3. What is 1 8 4? 4. Write 1 8 + 1 8 + 1 8 + 1 8 as a multiplication problem. Use the rectangle to answer each question. 5. What is two-tenths times two? 6. What is 1 10 4? 7. What is four-tenths times two? 8. Write 1 10 + 1 10 + 1 10 + 1 10 as a multiplication problem in words. 312 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-5 Review for Mastery Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers You can use fraction strips to multiply fractions by whole numbers. To find 3 2, first think about the expression in words. 3 3 2 3 means 3 groups of 2 3. Then model the expression. + + The total number of 1 3 fraction pieces is 6. So, 3 2 3 = 2 3 + 2 3 + 2 3 = 6 3 = 2 in simplest form. Use fraction strips to find each product. 1. 4 1 8 2. 2 2 5 3. 6 1 8 4. 8 1 4 You can also use counters to multiply fractions by whole numbers. To find 1 12, first think about the expression in words. 2 1 2 12 = 12, which means 12 divided into 2 equal groups. 2 Then model the expression. The number of counters in each group is the product. 1 12 = 6. 2 Use counters to find each product. 5. 1 3 15 6. 1 8 24 7. 1 4 16 8. 1 12 24 309 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 5-5 Problem 1 Student Worksheet Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers How do you multiply fractions and whole numbers? Remember: 5 5 1 5 1 1 8 5 8 Problem 2 3 1 1 9 3 9 3 9 1 3 Think and Discuss 1. What is the first step in multiplying a whole number by a fraction? 2. How does multiplying fractions differ from adding fractions? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 72 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

5-6 Practice A Multiplying Fractions Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form. 1. 1 2 1 7 2. 1 4 1 4 3. 1 5 1 3 4. 2 3 1 3 5. 2 3 2 7 6. 1 4 1 5 7. 1 3 2 5 8. 1 4 2 3 9. 1 3 1 3 Evaluate the expression x 1 2 answer in simplest form. for each value of x. Write the 10. x = 1 2 11. x = 1 3 12. x = 1 4 13. x = 1 5 14. x = 2 3 15. x = 3 4 16. In Mr. Sanders class, 1 3 of the students are girls. About 1 4 of the girls want to join the chorus. What fraction of all the students in Mr. Sanders s class want to join the chorus? 17. A recipe for trail mix calls for 3 pound of peanuts. Luiza only 4 wants to make half of the recipe s servings. How many pounds of peanuts should she use? 314 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-6 Reading Strategies Use Graphic Aids The circle below is divided into two equal parts. Each part is equal to one-half. If one-half of the circle is split in half, it looks like this. 1 2 of 1 2 is 1 4 1 2 1 2 = 1 4 The drawing shows a rectangle divided into thirds. 1. If you divide 1 3 of the rectangle in half, what fractional part will that be? 2. One-half of 1 3 = 3. 1 2 1 3 = To multiply fractions: 2 3 1 4 2 1 2 Multiply numerators. = 3 4 12 Multiply denominators. 2 12 = 1 6 Answer in simplest form Use the problem 2 5 3 4 to answer the following questions. 4. When you multiply the numerators, the product is. 5. When you multiply the denominators, the product is. 6. 2 5 3 4 = 320 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-6 Review for Mastery Multiplying Fractions To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. When multiplying fractions, you can sometimes divide by the GCF to make the problem simpler. You can divide by the GCF even if the numerator and denominator of the same fraction have a common factor. 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 The problem is now 1 1 1 3. 1 1 1 3 = 1 3 So, 1 2 2 3 = 1 3 Is it possible to simplify before you multiply? If so, what is the GCF? 1. 1 4 1 2 2. 1 6 3 4 3. 1 8 2 3 4. 1 3 2 5 Multiply. 5. 1 6 3 5 6. 1 4 1 3 7. 7 8 4 5 8. 1 6 2 3 9. 1 5 1 2 10. 3 5 1 4 11. 3 7 1 9 12. 3 4 1 2 13. 1 3 6 7 14. 1 4 2 3 15. 3 4 1 3 16. 1 4 1 8 317 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 5-6 Student Worksheet Multiplying Fractions Problem 1 1 3 3 5 How do I multiply fractions? 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 1 3 3 1 1 5 15 3 5 Multiply numerators and denominators. Simplify. 1 5 Problem 2 Evaluate a 1 3 for a 5 8. How do I evaluate an expression? Replace a with 5 8. 5 8 1 3 5 1 8 3 5 2 4 Multiply numerators and denominators. Think and Discuss 3 1. In Problem 1 how do you simplify the fraction 1? 5 2. Explain how using a model can help you to multiply fractions. Copyright by Holt McDougal. 74 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

Name Date COURSE: MSC III MODULE 3: Fractions UNIT 3: Multiplication and Division Finding Products As you work through the tutorial, complete the following. 1. What is your mission for this lesson? 2. The area of a rectangle can be found by multiplying its and its. 3. The large square on the right has a length and width of 7 units. a. The area of each small square is divided by, and is equal to. b. The length and width of each small square is, so the area of each small square can be written as which equals. 1 2 1 2??? 1 2? 1 2 Key Words: Fraction Denominator Numerator Learning Objectives: Calculate products of proper and improper fractions. Calculate products of fractions and mixed numbers. Estimate the products of two fractions. 4. The product of two fractions is equal to the product of the over the product of the. Riverdeep, Inc. 5. To complete the next step in finding the value of, you can write the fraction over. Simplifying this fraction gives you. 6. When you multiply a number by a fraction than 1, the product will be less than the number multiplied. Destination Math 109

Name Date 7. To multiply a whole number and a fraction, first you can write the whole number as a(n) fraction whose denominator is one. 8. What does the letter L represent in each of the mathematical expressions? 9. If L 2 feet, you can multiply and to find the length of the string that will play high Do. 10. Before finding the value of 2, you can change the mixed number 2 to a(n) fraction. 11. What is written as an improper fraction? 12. What is mixed number that is the length of the string that will play high Do? 13. The value of 2 is less than 2 because is less than. 14. a. Write the expression 2 as the product of a fraction and an improper fraction. b. What is the improper fraction that is the product? Riverdeep, Inc. c. Express the product in part (b) in lowest terms. d. Express the product as a mixed number. Destination Math 110

Name Date COURSE: MSC III MODULE 3: Fractions UNIT 3: Multiplication and Division 1. The large square on the right has a length and width if 1. It is divided into 6 rectangles whose sides are and. 1 2??? a. The area of each small rectangle is divided by, which is equal to. 1 2??? 1 3 1 3 1 3 b. Write the multiplication expression that represents each area. 2. Find each product. Write your answers as proper fractions or mixed numbers in lowest terms. a. b. 4 c. d. 8 e. f. Riverdeep, Inc. 3. Each week, a volunteer works 15 hours at her local public library. She has completed of her hours this week. How many hours has she worked this week? Show your work. Destination Math 111

Name Date 4. Find each product. Write your answers in lowest terms. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 1 e. 5 f. 1 5. At the start of a trip, a bus driver notices that the gas tank contains 8 gallons of gas. At the end of the trip, The driver has used of the gas in the tank. a. Write an expression that shows how much gas the bus driver used on his trip. b. Will the product of your expression be greater than or less than 8? Explain your answer without finding the product. c. Find the actual number of gallons of gas that the bus driver used on his trip. Write your answer in lowest terms. Riverdeep, Inc. 6. Each question on a social studies test is worth 3 points. If a student answers 24 questions correctly, how many points does she earn on the test? Show your work. Destination Math 112

5-7 Practice A Multiplying Mixed Numbers Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form. 1. 1 2 11 2. 11 4 3 5 5 3. 1 1 4 2 3 1 2 3 5 4 5 4 2 3 4. 1 1 8 2 5 5. 2 5 1 1 2 6. 3 1 5 1 3 8 2 5 2 5 2 5 1 3 7. 2 7 1 1 4 8. 2 3 1 1 10 9. 1 8 1 1 2 Find each product. Write the answer in simplest form. 10. 4 5 11 11. 3 6 5 11 12. 13 1 4 4 3 13. 2 1 1 2 14. 4 1 2 4 15. 5 1 1 5 16. Lin Li makes two and a half dollars per hour baby-sitting her little brother. How much money will she make if she baby-sits for 5 hours? 17. Andrea is baking 2 batches of cookies. The recipe calls for 1 4 2 cups of flour for each batch. How many cups of flour will she use? 322 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-7 Reading Strategies Use a Flow Chart Mixed Number Whole number 21 2 Fraction Improper Fraction 5 2 You can change mixed numbers to improper fractions. improper fraction 1. What is the mixed number in the above example? 2. What is the improper fraction? 3. How many halves are in 1 2 2? Use the flowchart below to help you change a mixed number to an improper fraction. Multiply the denominator by the whole number. Add the numerator. The denominator stays the same. Change 2 3 5 to an improper fraction. 4. What is the first step? 5. What is the next step? 6. The improper fraction is. 328 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-7 Review for Mastery Multiplying Mixed Numbers To find 1 3 of 1 2 2, first change 1 2 2 to an improper fraction. 1 2 2 = 5 2 Then multiply as you would with two proper fractions. Check to see whether you can divide by the GCF to make the problem simpler. Then multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. The problem is now 1 3 5 2. 1 5 3 2 = 5 6 So, 1 3 1 2 2 is 5 6. Rewrite each mixed number as an improper fraction. Is it possible to simplify before you multiply? If so, what is the GCF? Find each product. Write the answer in simplest form. 1. 1 4 11 2. 1 3 6 2 1 3. 1 2 8 11 4. 1 2 3 12 5 = 1 4 = 1 6 = 1 8 = 1 3 5. 1 1 3 2 1 3 6. 1 1 2 1 1 3 7. 3 1 4 1 2 2 8. 1 1 6 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 2 6 3 9. 1 3 3 2 5 10. 1 2 2 1 5 11. 3 1 4 1 2 2 12. 1 3 3 1 1 5 325 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 5-7 Student Worksheet Multiplying Mixed Numbers Problem 1 1 3 1 1 2 How do I multiply a fraction by amixed number? Rewrite 1 1 2 as 3 2. Think: 1 1 2 (2 1 ) 1 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 6 Multiply. 1 2 Simplify. Problem 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 How do I multiply two mixed numbers? Think: 2 1 2 (2 2 ) 1 2 5 2 5 2 4 3 2 0 6 Rewrite 2 1 2 as 5 2 and 1 1 3 as 4 3. Think: 1 1 3 (3 1 ) 1 3 4 3 3 1 3 Multiply. Think and Discuss Simplify. 1. Why is the product of the numbers in Problem 1 not 1 1 6? 2. What is the first thing you should do when you need to multiply two mixed numbers? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 76 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

Name Date COURSE: MSC IV MODULE 1: Fractions UNIT 3: Multiplying Fractions Finding Products of Fractions, Whole Numbers, & Mixed Numbers As you work through the tutorial, complete the following statements and questions. 1. How many people will Dijit s original pepperoni pizza recipe serve? 2. What fraction of a cup does the blue measuring cup hold? 3. Write the fraction that tells how much of the tub of pizza dough Dijit is not going to use. 4. Dividing by 3 is the same as multiplying by what number? 5. Write the mixed number 1 as an improper fraction in lowest terms. 6. According to the Earth Guide, how do you multiply fractions? 7. Is of equal to? Explain. 8. Use Dijit s number line to find out about how many - cup measures are needed to make approximately of a cup of sauce. Key Words: Proper fraction Mixed number Numerator Denominator Lowest terms Multiply Learning Objectives: Writing fractions in lowest terms Multiplying proper fractions and whole numbers Multiplying proper fractions and mixed numbers Multiplying fractions by multiplying numerators together and denominators together Using a number line to compare fractions Riverdeep, Inc. Destination Math 21

Name Date COURSE: MSC IV MODULE 1: Fractions UNIT 3: Multiplying Fractions Finding Products of Fractions, Whole Numbers, & Mixed Numbers 1. A group of hikers planned to walk of Grizzly s Trail. They planned to hike the remaining of the trail another day. Write as a fraction in lowest terms. 2. On another day, the hikers walked a trail that was 7 miles long. They walked of the trail before they stopped for water. How many miles did they walk before stopping? 3. Mary and Dijit are sharing a meal, and Dijit plans to serve 1 cups of berries. If the cups of berries are divided equally, how many cups will each get? 4. Mary brings of a pint of ice cream to the meal, and eats of the pint. What fraction of the pint in lowest terms does Mary eat? 5. Dijit has 2 quarts of milk. Dijit drinks of the milk. What fraction of a quart, in lowest terms, did he drink? 6. Mary wants of a cup of chocolate sauce. Which of the four measuring cups (1,,, ) could she use to best approximate the amount of sauce she wants? (Use the number line below as a guide.) 1 10 2 10 1 4 3 10 1 3 4 10 1 2 0 1 5 10 6 10 2 3 7 10 3 4 8 10 9 10 Riverdeep, Inc. Destination Math 22

5-8 Practice A Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers Find the reciprocal. 1. 1 2 2. 2 3 3. 1 5 4. 1 3 5. 3 5 6. 1 1 4 7. 2 5 8. 3 7 9. 1 1 2 Divide. Write each answer in simplest form. 10. 2 3 2 11. 1 2 3 4 12. 5 6 1 4 2 3 1 2 5 6 13. 3 5 1 14. 7 5 9 3 15. 11 1 2 2 3 5 7 9 11 2 16. Stella has 6 pounds of chocolate. She will use 2 pound of the chocolate to make one cake. 3 How many cakes can she make? 17. Todd has 8 9 pound of clay. He will use 1 3 pound to make each action figure. How many action figures can he make? 18. Dylan gives his two guinea pigs a total of 3 cup of 4 food every day. If each guinea pig gets the same amount of food, how much do they each get each day? 330 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-8 Reading Strategies Using Models Fraction bars help you picture dividing by fractions. In the problem 2 1 1, think: How many one-fourths are there in 2 1? 2 4 2 Use the picture to answer each question. 1. Count the number of 1 s in the fraction bars above. How many are there? 4 2. 2 1 1 = 2 4 In the problem 21 4 2, think 2 1 four times. 2 Use the picture to answer each question. 3. How many whole fraction bars are there? 4. How many one-half fraction bars are there? 5. When you add the whole bars and half bars together you get whole bars. 6. Compare the multiplication and division examples. What do you notice about the answer you get when you divide by 1 or multiply by 4? 4 336 Holt McDougal Mathematics

5-8 Review for Mastery Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers Two numbers are reciprocals if their product is 1. 2 3 and 3 2 are reciprocals because 2 3 3 2 = 6 6 = 1. Dividing by a number is the same as multiplying by its reciprocal. 1 4 2 = 1 8 1 4 1 2 = 1 8 So, you can use reciprocals to divide by fractions. To find 2 3 4, first rewrite the expression as a multiplication expression using the reciprocal of the divisor, 4. 2 3 1 4 Then use canceling to find the product in simplest form. 2 3 4 = 2 3 1 4 = 1 3 1 2 = 1 6 To find 1 3 4 1 1 2, first rewrite the expression using improper fractions. 13 4 3 2 Next, write the expression as a multiplication expression. 13 4 2 3 3 1 11 = 13 4 2 4 3 2 = 13 4 2 3 = 13 2 1 3 = 13 6 = 2 1 6 Divide. Write each answer in simplest form. 1. 1 4 3 2. 11 11 3. 3 2 4 8 2 4. 2 1 13 3 4 1 4 1 3 2 4 3 8 1 3 4 5. 1 5 2 6. 1 1 6 2 2 3 7. 1 8 4 8. 1 3 8 1 2 333 Holt McDougal Mathematics

Name Date Class 5-8 Student Worksheet Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers Problem 1 1 5 1 5 What is the reciprocal? Problem 2 How do I divide a fraction? 3 4 7 3 3 4 7 3 5 1 4 3 4 5 Multiply by the 5 reciprocal. 4 5 1 4 5 2 5 3 7 Think and Discuss 1. How do you find the reciprocal of a fraction? 2. Explain the steps you follow to divide 2 1 3 by 1 3. 3. What is the product of any given fraction times its reciprocal? Copyright by Holt McDougal. 78 Holt McDougal Mathematics All rights reserved.

Name Date COURSE: MSC III MODULE 3: Fractions UNIT 3: Multiplication and Division Quotients and Remainders As you work through the tutorial, complete the following. 1. What is your mission for this lesson? 2. If the dividend stays the same, as the divisor decreases, the the increases. 3. The equation 6 3 2 tells us there are threes in. 4. Since there are 2 halves in 1, there are halves in 6. So, 6 divided by is. 5. Since there are 3 thirds in 1, there are thirds in 6. So, 6 divided by is. Key Words: Numerator Denominator Reciprocal Learning Objectives: Divide a whole number by a proper fraction. Estimate the quotient of two mixed numbers or improper fractions. Divide two mixed numbers or improper fractions. 6. What is the quotient of 6 and? 7. In these division problems, as the divisors decrease from, to, to, (increase, decrease) the quotients (increase, decrease). Circle your answer. 8. Complete each pair of equivalent expressions. Riverdeep, Inc. a. 6 b. 6 c. 6 6 6 6 9. Dividing a number by a fraction is the same as multiplying the number and that fraction turned. So, 4 24, and 4 24. Destination Math 113

Name Date 10. If the product of two numbers is 1, the numbers are called. 11. To divide a number by a fraction, multiply the number by the of the fraction. 12. a. In the expression 6, What is the reciprocal of? b. Write 6 as the product of 6 and the reciprocal of. c. What is 6?. 13. Help Dijit estimate the quotient of 1. a. What is 1 rounded to the nearest whole number? b. What is rounded to the nearest whole number? c. The quotient of 1 and is approximately. 14. Now help Dijit find the quotient of 1. a. Express 1 as an improper fraction in lowest terms. b. Write as the product of two factors. Then find the product. c. The product is, so is. d. Express the answer in part (c) as an improper fraction in lowest terms. e. What mixed number is equal to the fraction in part (d)? Riverdeep, Inc. Destination Math 114

Name Date COURSE: MSC III MODULE 3: Fractions UNIT 3: Multiplication and Division Quotients and Remainders 1. Complete each pair of equivalent expressions. a. 6 b. 5 c. 8 6 5 8 2. A seamstress has 7 yards of fabric that she cuts into pieces that are yard long. a. What expression can you write to find how many yard pieces she will have? b. What is the reciprocal of the divisor? c. How many yard pieces does she have? 3. Complete each division. Write your answers in lowest terms. a. 4 b. 15 c. 9 d. 11 4. Complete each division. Write your answers in lowest terms. Riverdeep, Inc. a. 4 b. 1 c. 6 2 d. 9 Destination Math 115

Name Date 5. Mr. Keys picks 12 pounds of beans from his garden. He divides the beans into bags that each weigh 2 pounds. a. What expression can you write to show how many bags Mr. Keys has. b. Round 12 and 2 to the nearest whole number and estimate the number of bags Mr. Keys has. c. How many bags of beans does Mr. Keys actually have? d. Are there any beans left over? If so, how much do the leftover beans weigh? 6. A chemist divides 5 grams of a powder into containers that each hold grams. How many containers does the chemist fill? Show your work. Riverdeep, Inc. Destination Math 116