The Compelling Case for Electric Vehicles in Ohio 1
EVs = Economic Development Ohio is ranked #3 in the nation s automotive supply chain 3 rd in motor vehicle production 2 nd in tier-1 suppliers 4 th in automotive assembly The campaign to promote EVs in Ohio is not just about selling it to the average consumer. It is about economic development and job creation.
EVs Benefit the Local Economy For every dollar spent on gasoline in Ohio, only 16.4 cents continues to circulate in the state economy. 84% leaves Ohio to pay for distribution, wholesalers, transportation, production.
LESS GAS = MORE JOBS The addition of 1,000 EVs in Ohio results in 20 additional jobs paying $508,000 in wages. The addition of 1,000 EVs in Ohio results in net economic impact of $1,320,000.
EVSE ARRA Projects Sub-Grantee Bowling Green State University (BGSU) Car Charging/Walgreens City of Akron City of Bowling Green City of Centerville City of Columbus City of Dayton City of Dublin City of Tipp City City of Wooster Electrical Trades Center FirstEnergy Melink Corporation Northwest State Community College Ohio Statehouse Simon Property Group The Ohio State University Project 3 Level 2 Charging Stations 11 Level 2 Charging Stations at Walgreens stores in Ohio 5 Level 2 Charging Stations 3 Level 2 Charging Stations 2 Level 2 Charging Stations 2 Level 2 Charging Stations: Gay Street Beacon Building & Goodale Avenue 1 Level 2 Charging Station 2 Level 2 Charging Stations 3 Level 2 Charging Stations 2 Level 2 Charging Stations 5 Level 2 Charging Stations 2 Level 2 Charging Stations 1 Level 2 Charging Station 1 Level 2 Charging Station 6 Level 2 Charging Stations in Statehouse Garage 2 Level 2 Charging Stations at 8 Malls throughout Ohio 3 Level 2 Charging Stations
Three groups of EVs according to U.S. DOE: Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) All-electric vehicles (EVs or AEVs) 7
Hybrid Electric Vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are powered by an internal combustion engine or other propulsion source. Hybrids can be run on conventional or alternative fuel and an electric motor that uses energy stored in a battery. 8
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) use batteries to power an electric motor and use another conventional fuel to power an internal combustion engine. Using electricity to run the vehicle some or all of the time reduces operating costs and petroleum consumption. PHEVs also produce lower levels of emissions, depending on the electricity source. 9
All-Electric Vehicles All-electric vehicles (EVs) use an electric battery to store the electrical energy that powers the motor. EV batteries are charged by plugging the vehicle into an electric power source. Although most U.S. electricity production contributes to air pollution, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency categorizes all-electric vehicles as zero-emission vehicles because they produce no direct exhaust or emissions. Because EVs use no other fuel, widespread use of these vehicles could dramatically reduce petroleum consumption. 10
EVs : A Variety of Ranges to Choose From 2013 Toyota Prius Plug-In Hybrid =10 electric miles 2013 Honda Accord Plug-In Hybrid =13 electric miles 2013 Ford Fusion Energi =21 electric miles 2013 Ford C-Max Energi =21 electric miles 2012 Fisker Karma =33 electric miles 2013 Chevrolet Volt =38 electric miles 2013 Mitsubishi i-miev =62 electric miles 2013 Smart Electric Drive =68 electric miles 2013 Nissan Leaf =84 electric miles 2013 Ford Focus Electric =76 electric miles 2013 Honda Fit EV =82 electric miles 2013 Fiat 500 =87 electric miles 2013 Tesla Model S (60-kWh) =208 electric miles 2013 Tesla Model S (85-kWh) =265 electric miles 11
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Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #1 -The electric car is dead. FACT: A new report from IEE, part of the Edison Foundation, projects that between 5 million and 30 million electric cars will be on U.S. roads by 2035. "The electrification of the vehicle fleet is a foregone conclusion," says former GM vice chairman (and former electric-carbasher) Bob Lutz. More PEVs have been sold in the US than the Toyota Prius at this same point in its rollout. Last year, the Toyota Prius was the 3 rd largest family of car sold globally. 13
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #2 - EVs don t have enough range. You'll be stranded when you run out of electricity. FACT: According to the U.S. Department of Transportation., most Americans drive less than 40 miles a day. 70% of Ohioans commute less than 20 miles a day. 80% commute less than 50 miles a day. Three-quarters of EVs sold are PHEVs with gasoline backup. So you re only stranded when you deplete your electric range and also run out of gas. Range anxiety abates as consumers understand the capacities and limitations of their EVs. 14
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #3 - EVs just replace the tailpipe with a smokestack. FACT: Even today, with nearly 70% percent of Ohio electricity generated by coal-fired power plants, plug-in cars reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and most other pollutants compared with conventional gas or hybrid vehicles. Plug-ins can run on renewable electricity from sources such as the sun or wind. Plug-in hybrids will reduce greenhouse gases and other emissions, even if the source of electricity is mostly coal. 15
EV Emissions Ohio 43215 16
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #4 - The charging stations must be built before people will adopt EVs. FACT: Most charging will be done at home, so public charging isn t a necessity. Between 80 & 90 % of EV charging currently occurs at home. Top-off or opportunity charging options are rapidly increasing. There are currently over 120 public charging stations available in Ohio, nearly 80 listed on the US Department of Energy station locator. Development of distance charging options still needed. 17
Feeders Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #5 - The grid will crash if millions of plug-ins charge at once. FACT: Off-peak electricity production and transmission capacity could currently fuel the daily commutes of 73 percent of all cars, light trucks, SUVs and vans on the road in the United States today if they were plug-in hybrids (study by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory). Plug-ins, which can be seen as energy storage devices on wheels, can actually benefit the grid, making green energies like solar and wind power even more viable. Ohio utilities (AEP, Duke, DP&L and First Energy) have undergone comprehensive grid assessments and are not concerned with electric capacity for well beyond the next decade. Local transformer concerns in short term. Advocating policies that notify utilities of EV purchases. Tesla (240V80A) PEV (240V@32A) PEV (240V@15A) PEV (120V@12A) SanFrancisco, CA Hartford, CT Dulles, VA South Bend, IN Springdale, AR Average Peak Summer Demand Per Household (KW) 19.2 7.7 3.6 1.4 3.0 4.3 4.6 6.0 7.7 18
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #6 - Battery chemicals are bad for the environment and can't be recycled. FACT: Ninety-nine percent of batteries in conventional cars are currently recycled, according to the EPA. The metals in EVs are much more valuable and recycling programs are already being developed for them. Utilities plan to use batteries for energy storage once they are no longer viable in a vehicle. No depleted EV batteries available yet. 19
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #7 -Charging is a headache. FACT: Charging an electric car can be as simple as plugging it into a wall outlet, allowing drivers to treat their cars like their cellphones: topping them off periodically or charging them up overnight. Level 1 (110v) charging = 4 to 5 miles per hour of charge Level 2 (240v) charging = 8 to 12 miles per hour of charge There are now 5,734 public stations in the United States, many with multiple charging points. The newest generation will charge your car nearly 10 times faster than home stations and 50 times faster than an AC outlet. Tesla has begun installing supercharger stations on the East and West coasts, and Nissan recently announced plans to install 500 in the coming months. EPRI has identified 140 charging location that would give 95% of Ohioans access to an EVSE within 10 miles of home. 35 fast chargers to cover distance driving. 20
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #8 - Plug-ins are too expensive for market penetration. FACT: New technologies are typically costly. Remember when cell phones and DVDs were introduced? Federal tax credit of $2,500 to $7,500 for EVs and PHEVs. Some states have additional incentives ($7,500 in WV and $3,500 in PA). And EVs require almost no maintenance or repair: no oil or filter changes, no tune ups, no smog checks. 21
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #9 - Batteries will cost $15,000 to replace after only a few years. FACT: The battery is the priciest part of a plug-in, but costs will drop as technology advancements continue to be made and production increases. Huge EV battery advances have occurred in the last year that won't hit vehicles until 2016. Chevy has announced that they expect the 2016 Volt to cost between $7,500 to $10,000 less than 2013 model. Some car makers are exploring battery leasing options so replacement won t be an issue. 22
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #10 - There isn't enough lithium in the world to make all the new batteries. FACT: Even in a worst-case scenario of zero battery recycling, aggressive EV sales, no new mining methods or sites, existing lithium stores will be sufficient for projected EV production for the next 75 years. (Analysis available at PlugInAmerica.org) Breaking news: In an article dated 5/17/13, data recently released by University of Wyoming researchers indicates that the state's Rock Springs has enough lithium to make the US self-sufficient for the next several hundred years (Green Car Reports) 23
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #11 - Most people will never be able to afford an electric car. FACT: At $69,900 the base price of a 2013 Tesla Model S is beyond the reach of many drivers. However, EV options are available from as low as $29,000 (before federal rebates) The cost of leasing a Nissan Leaf ($199 a month with $1,999 down) is equivalent to leasing a compact gasoline car such as the Mazda3 - except you don't have to pay for gas. Keeping electric car sticker prices from dropping right now are low production volumes and the cost of batteries. But a 2012 McKinsey report estimates that the price of lithium-ion batteries could fall dramatically by 2020. As the cost of electric-car technology trends downward and the price of oil trends upward, electric cars should prove the more affordable and a more enjoyable choice. 24
Don t Believe Everything You Hear Myths about EVs Myth #12 EVs are like big golf carts. You can't drive them on the highway. FACT: Electric cars are much nicer to drive than you think. But a lot of drivers don't (yet) know that electric cars are very quiet (no engine or transmission noises when running on battery power), as well as surprisingly torquey. Their motors produce maximum output from 0 rpm, so acceleration away from a stop is strong and smooth. Drivers like that. And the fact that electric cars are a nicer driving experience may be their secret weapon once they arrive in volume. 25
Yes, you can take them through car washes just fine; deep puddles, too! 26
Cynthia Maves, Director of Grant Administration Cynthia@cleanfuelsohio.org 614.884.7336 Charlene Brenner, Grant Coordinator Charlene@cleanfuelsohio.org 614.884.7336