Using UXM to Verify LTA-A Cat 16 performance and VoLTE

Using UXM to Verify LTA-A Cat 16 performance and VoLTE

ITU The Source of the G in Wireless? International Telecommunications Union ITU-Radio Working Party 8F (now WP 5D) International Mobile Telephony IMT-2000 aka 3G IMT-Advanced aka 4G All IMT technologies have access to designated IMT spectrum Page 2 2

IMT-Advanced Requirement A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions. Scalable channel bandwidth 5 20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth) System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25 bit/s/hz/cell for indoor usage Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks with smooth handovers Interoperability with existing wireless standards Based on an all-internet Protocol (IP) packet switched network Page 3

IMT Advance Requirement - Peak spectral efficiency Rel. 8 LTE Peak data rate DL 300 Mbps Peak spectrum efficiency [bps/hz] UL 75 Mbps DL 15 UL 3.75 IMT-Advance Peak data rate DL 1G bps Peak spectrum efficiency [bps/hz] UL 500 Mbps DL 15 UL 6.75 Page 4

How to achieve 1Gpbs 1 Carrier Aggregation 2 5 MHz 1.4 MHz 3 1.4MHz 5 3 1.4MHz 10 5 3 1.4 15 MHz 10 5 3 20 1.4 15 10 5 3 20 15 10 5 20 1510 2015 20 Support for up to 5 Aggregated Carriers Enhanced multiple antenna transmission UE enodeb New for LTE-A 1, 2 or 4 transmitters and 2, 4 or 8 receivers 2, 4 or 8 transmitters and 2, 4 or 8 receivers 3 Higher order Modulation DL 256 QAM UL 64 QAM Page 5

R13 UE Categories (36.306 Tables 4.1-1, 4.1-2) Table 4.1-1: Downlink physical layer parameter values set by the field ue-category UE Category Maximum number of DL- SCH transport block bits received within a TTI (Note 1) Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport block received within a TTI Total number of soft channel bits Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1 Category 2 51024 51024 1237248 2 Category 3 102048 75376 1237248 2 Category 4 150752 75376 1827072 2 Category 5 299552 149776 3667200 4 Category 6 301504 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 3654144 2 or 4 Maximum number of supported layers for spatial multiplexing in DL Category 7 301504 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 3654144 2 or 4 Category 8 2998560 299856 35982720 8 Category 9 452256 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 5481216 2 or 4 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) Category 10 452256 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 5481216 2 or 4 Category 11 603008 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 195816 (4 layers, 256QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 97896 (2 layers, 256QAM) Category 12 603008 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 195816 (4 layers, 256QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 97896 (2 layers, 256QAM) 7308288 2 or 4 7308288 2 or 4 Page

R13 UE Categories (36.306 Tables 4.1-1, 4.1-2) Table 4.1-2: Uplink physical layer parameter values set by the field ue-category UE Category Maximum number of UL- SCH transport block bits transmitted within a TTI Maximum number of bits of an UL-SCH transport block transmitted within a TTI Support for 64QAM in UL Category 1 5160 5160 No Category 2 25456 25456 No Category 3 51024 51024 No Category 4 51024 51024 No Category 5 75376 75376 Yes Category 6 51024 51024 No Category 7 102048 51024 No Category 8 1497760 149776 Yes Category 9 51024 51024 No Category 10 102048 51024 No Category 11 51024 51024 No Category 12 102048 51024 No Page

Rel-13 UE DL Categories (36.306 Tables 4.1A-1) UE DL Category Table 4.1A-1: Downlink physical layer parameter values set by the field ue-categorydl Maximum number of DL-SCH transport block bits received within a TTI (Note 1) Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport block received within a TTI Total number of soft channel bits DL Category M1 1000 1000 25344 1 DL Category 0 (Note 2) 1000 1000 25344 1 DL Category 6 301504 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 3654144 2 or 4 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) DL Category 7 301504 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 3654144 2 or 4 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) DL Category 9 452256 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 5481216 2 or 4 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) DL Category 10 452256 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 5481216 2 or 4 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) DL Category 11 603008 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 195816 (4 layers, 256QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 97896 (2 layers, 256QAM) 7308288 2 or 4 DL Category 12 603008 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 195816 (4 layers, 256QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 97896 (2 layers, 256QAM) 7308288 2 or 4 DL Category 13 391632 195816 (4 layers, 256QAM) 3654144 2 or 4 97896 (2 layers, 256QAM) DL Category 14 3916560 391656 (8 layers, 256QAM) 47431680 8 DL Category 15 749856-798800 (Note 3) 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 195816 (4 layers, 256QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 97896 (2 layers, 256QAM) 9744384 2 or 4 DL Category 16 978960-1051360 (Note 3) 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM) 195816 (4 layers, 256QAM) 75376 (2 layers, 64QAM) 97896 (2 layers, 256QAM) 12789504 2 or 4 DL Category 17 25065984 391656 (8 layers, 256QAM) 303562752 8 Maximum number of supported layers for spatial multiplexing in DL Page

Rel-13 UE DL Categories (36.306 Tables 4.1A-2) Table 4.1A-2: Uplink physical layer parameter values set by the field ue-categoryul UE UL Category Maximum number of UL-SCH transport block bits transmitted within a TTI Maximum number of bits of an UL- SCH transport block transmitted within a TTI UL Category M1 1000 1000 No UL Category 0 1000 1000 No UL Category 3 51024 51024 No UL Category 5 75376 75376 Yes UL Category 7 102048 51024 No UL Category 8 1497760 149776 Yes UL Category 13 150752 75376 Yes UL Category 14 9585664 149776 Yes Support for 64QAM in UL Implications for Testing UE s Page 9

Gigabit Class 4G LTE provides a glimmer of 5G mobile broadband Industry Leadership: Joint validation and commercialization Keysight UXM Wireless Test Set Qualcomm Snapdragon X16 LTE modem Mobile Industry Milestone: 1Gbps IP Data Throughput 4x4 MIMO w/ Carrier Aggregation & 256QAM Downlink Turbocharging our connection: Faster content, crystal clear video communication, enhanced cloud access Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Keysight confidential Page

Gigabit class 4G LTE provides a glimmer of 5G embb 1Gbps IP data download speeds with E7515A UXM wireless test set and Qualcomm Snapdragon X16 LTE modem. Leading edge high speed downloads for LTE-A, with a combination of 3CC, 4x4 downlink MIMO, and 256QAM modulation 2CC 4x4 MIMO + 1CC 2x2 MIMO LTE-A Pro is already here! 1000Mbps P S 4x4 256 QAM S 2x2 256 QAM Keysight confidential Page 11

1Gbps setup with a real device MAIN (SPC) Cell1: 4x4 256-QAM Cell2: 4x4 256-QAM Array of 2 UXMs Set of splitters Qualcomm Snapdragon X16 LTE modem AUXILIARY RF Cell3: 2x2 256-QAM RF RF Keysight confidential Page 12

Turbocharge your Throughput UXM can reach 1.6Gbps download speeds today Up to 5CC and 8x4 MIMO 1.6 Gbps with 4CC, 4x4 MIMO and 256QAM Keysight confidential Page 13

Turbocharge your Throughput 1.6Gbps demo with Signal Generator MAIN (SPC) Cell1: 4x4 256-QAM Cell2: 4x4 256-QAM AUXILIARY RF Cell3: 4x4 256-QAM Cell4: 4x4 256-QAM RF RF 1.6 Gpbs UDP IP traffic!!!! N5182B - MXG Keysight confidential Page 14

IMS - IP Multimedia Subsystem how it all began 3GPP defined IMS in 1999 IMS as the framework for delivery of multimedia services was standardized in 3GPP rel.5 for delivery of Internet services on GPRS. This was updated and extended to CDMA and WLAN. In 2009 a group of over 40 organizations, operators, vendors etc. came together to form One Voice, whose aim was essentially to decide or drive the method of voice delivery on LTE through IMS. GSMA finally adopted VoLTE in 2010, and so did many of the industry big companies The use of IMS through the Verizon LTE network in the USA has accelerated the use of IMS development for mobile devices. Implications for Testing UE s Page 15

Support for Voice with LTE 2G/3G Circuit switched calls have an allocated resource during inactivity, even when nothing is being said Inefficient use of available bandwidth Access times between requesting resource and being able to talk were too slow to enable a reaction based allocation reduced flexibility for resource allocation LTE UE will generally only be provided resources when it is necessary even for voice Allows efficient use of network resources. If we are saying nothing we will require no network resources Places stress on the network to ensure suitable access timing and quality of service (QoS). LTE transportation is fully IP no circuit switched services Implications for Testing UE s Page 16

Voice with LTE What is the goal and how to get there To deliver same standard of voice call with VoLTE as is delivered by 2G/3G Most agree that the long term solution for voice is to use VoIP and an IMS based core network - However it will take time for networks to support this. For networks which do not support IMS several technologies are considered, namely: - CSFB (Circuit Switched Fall Back) - single radio approach - SVLTE or Dual Standby approach (Simultaneous Voice and Data LTE) - dual radio approach - SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) Voice on LTE with CS backup CSFB, SVLTE and SRVCC all involve some level of I-RAT behavior Implications for Testing UE s Page 17

Enter IMS Characteristic CS Mobile Telephony Legacy IP IMS IP Multi-Media Service 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 or 80+80 MHz Standards bodies 3GPP, 3GPP2 IEEE 3GPP/3GPP2 and IEEE Primary service CS voice PS data PS data and PS voice Addressing technique Phone numbers IP addresses IP + support for legacy phone numbers Access Protocol Reservation based Reservation less SIP provides reservation based protocol for voice and video Connection Type Architecture QoS Connection orientated Centralised/ hierarchical/ closed Guaranteed bandwidth Connectionless Distributed/ flat/open Best Effort SIP provides connection orientated IMS walled garden debate GBR and BE supported AAA No. of devices ~5 billion >500M Will be lots! Implications for Testing UE s Page 18

IMS Has Quite Complex Architecture Architecture divided into: Application Plane, Control Plane, User Plane Important part of Control Plane is the 1st point of contact for the UE The CSCF (Call Session Control Function) CSCF is further divided into nodes: Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) (acts as the entry point in the IMS core network) Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) Serving CSCF (S-CSCF) Implications for Testing UE s Page 19

P-CSCF: Proxy-Call Session Control Function of IMS It is assigned to an IMS-capable UE terminal before registration (through OTA message), and does not change for the duration of the registration. It may be in the home domain or in the visited domain. It facilitates the routing path for mobile originated or mobile terminated session requests. It is responsible for allocating resources for the media flows (bandwidth management) It can also compress/decompress SIP messages using SigComp, which reduces the RTT over slow radio links. It provides subscriber authentication, and is responsible for the security of the messages between the network and the user (ex: may establish an Ipsec). It may include a Policy Decision Function (PDF), which authorizes media plane resources e.g. QoS over the media plane Implications for Testing UE s Page 20

SIP and IMS SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) was initially designed to work in an open homogeneous IP network SIP provides the signalling required to support call set-up procedures SIP also provides many other services (caller id, multi-party & emergency calls ) SIP server IP Network PSTN IP Network 3G GSM Telephone Network Implications for Testing UE s Page 21

To Test VoLTE Today, You Need: IMS/VoLTE capable device IMS/VoLTE capable BSE IMS Server Somebody to talk to: Either another UE or IMS Client emulator Implications for Testing UE s Page 22

Keysight E6966B IMS-SIP server and client Easy to install and use Windows 7 PC-based IMS-SIP client IPv4, IPv6, Voice, video, SMS, GUI Audio: AMR, AMR-WB, G711 a/ulaw, G722/.1, G729, GSM, ilbc, Speex/wb voice codecs AMR/AMR-WB Octet-align, bandwidth-efficient, Mode-set negotiation and fixing Video: H264, H263 Play test files, audio loopback, auto-answer Proven voice interop with VoLTE UEs Implications for Testing UE s Page 23

CS vs. PS LTE PS IMS core emulation Audio 2G/3G PS RF IP IMS end-point emulation 2G/3G CS RF Audio Implications for Testing UE s Page 24

Simple VoLTE Setup Keysight IMS-SIP server & Client Keysight UXM Implications for Testing UE s Page 25

Audio Test Scenario Human Jury Testing and/or PESQ with IP Impairments Delay/Jitter/Loss insertion Keysight IMS-SIP server Ethernet VoLTE UE Keysight UXM Keysight UXM VoLTE UE RF Audio in/out headphone jack Audio Analyzer RF Audio in/out headphone jack Implications for Testing UE s Page 26

IMS Uses SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) User A REGISTER OK CSCF Proxy User B REGISTER OK Optional AKAv2 authentication and IPsec SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) e.g. INVITE, TRYING, RING, OK, BYE etc. INVITE TRYING RING OK ACK RTP/RTCP INVITE TRYING RING OK ACK SDP (Session Description Protocol) e.g. m (media), a (attribute) etc. m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 98 97 a=rtpmap:98 AMR/8000 a=fmtp:98 mode-set=7 RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) e.g. AMR encoded speech RTCP (RT Control Protocol) e.g. Send/receive quality metrics BYE ACK BYE ACK CSCF = Call Session Control Function Implications for Testing UE s Page 27

IMS Uses SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) User A REGISTER CSCF Proxy User B REGISTER CSCF Proxy OK OK INVITE TRYING INVITE TRYING RING OK ACK RING OK ACK User A Router/IP network IP User B BYE ACK RTP/RTCP BYE ACK SIP messages go via proxy server RTP voice traffic ~ peer to peer (or via other network nodes) CSCF = Call Session Control Function Implications for Testing UE s Page 28

RTP RTP is used for the delivery of the user data Implications for Testing UE s Page 29

What If LTE/IMS Out of Coverage? Then: the Voice call to work would require some level or I-RAT. Let s examine each of the voice related I-RAT behaviors separately Implications for Testing UE s Page 30

Phone x Network Configuration 1xRTT/eVDO/ ehrpd GSM/W-CDMA/ TDSCDMA LTE SVLTE Simultaneous Voice & LTE aka Dual Standby Two phones in one case 1xRTT (or GSM/W-CDMA) chipset for all voice calls (CS only) E.g. LTE/eVDO/eHRPD (and/or W-CDMA) separate chipset for data LTE/eVDO/HRPD radio 1xRTT CS radio CS Voice Client GUI Implications for Testing UE s Page 31

Phone x Network Configuration 1xRTT/eVDO/ ehrpd GSM/W-CDMA/ TDSCDMA LTE CSFB Circuit Switched Fall Back Handover from LTE to legacy 2G/3G for ALL voice calls Use Circuit switched voice (and if available parallel slower legacy data) e.g. LTE/W-CDMA/GSM radio CS Voice Client GUI Implications for Testing UE s Page 32

Phone x Network Configuration 1xRTT/eVDO/ ehrpd GSM/W-CDMA/ TDSCDMA LTE LTE / IMS Islands Differentiated quality/price IMS voice in LTE coverage areas End call at LTE edge E.g. 1xRTT for E911 and wide area coverage (CS only) LTE/W-CDMA/GSM radio 1xRTT CS radio IMS Voice Client CS Voice Client GUI Implications for Testing UE s Page 33

Phone x Network Configuration 1xRTT/eVDO/ ehrpd GSM/W-CDMA/ TDSCDMA LTE SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity IMS voice calling in LTE coverage areas Quickly handover from LTE to legacy 2G/3G at LTE edge e.g. LTE/W-CDMA/GSM radio IMS Voice Client CS Voice Client GUI Implications for Testing UE s Page 34

Phone x Network Configuration 1xRTT/eVDO/ ehrpd LTE GSM/W-CDMA/ TDSCDMA SVLTE Simultaneous Voice & LTE Aka Dual Standby CSFB Circuit Switched Fall Back LTE/ IMS islands SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity LTE / IMS only Most Operators will skip some steps World phones will need to roam with many network configurations e.g. LTE/eVDO/HRPD/GSM/W-CDMA/ TDSCDMA radio 1xRTT CS radio IMS Voice Client CS Voice Client GUI Implications for Testing UE s Page 35

Functional Test Scenario IMS/CS Voice Calling & Inter-RAT Scenarios Keysight IMS server and several remote clients Ethernet Keysight 8960 1xRTT cell Keysight 8960 ehrpd cell Keysight UXM LTE cell RF Implications for Testing UE s Page 36