PaperAircrafts.com Cessna Skylane Build an easy paper jet model with your hands, a pair of scissors, two rulers and some glue! Check your handiwork skills! Challenge a child to build it! Assemble one as a gift for someone! Collect the most famous jets in the world! Once built, fly it! Print page 8 and opposite 8 on each side of sheet 1, page 9 and opposite 9 on each side of sheet 2, page 10 and opposite 10 on each side of sheet 3, print page 11 on sheet 4 and page 12 on sheet 5. Cut out the parts, fold along the lines shaping the pieces and stick with glue. The plane is balanced and should fly with minor aerodynamic adjustments. The whole process from assembly to flying is detailed in this document. The Cessna 182 Skylane is a single-engine, four-seat, light touring aircraft. It first flew in 1956. The Skylane is an evolution of the 172 Skyhawk for a better performance, they are very similar externally. This family of aircraft has been the most manufactured worldwide. This paper model is made in scale 1:31 which is bigger than the rest of PaperAircrafts collection (1:72) 1
Index How to build it...3 Note about printing...7 Airplane Parts...8 Airplane Stand...13 Assembling..14 How to fly it.....34 Copyright Notice All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical. Any unauthorized use, sharing, reproduction, or distribution of parts herein is strictly prohibited. The buyer of this ebook may print as many copies as he want for his personal use. Legal Notice While attempts have been made to verify the correctness and reliability of the information provided in this document, the author does not assume any responsibility for errors, omissions, or contradictory information contained in this publication. The reader of this book assumes all responsibility and liability for the use of the information and materials described in it, (such as glue or scissors). 2
How to build it www.paperaircrafts.com Tools: Two rulers to fold paper accurately Transparent liquid contact glue Scissors Toothpick 3
! Note about Glue Suitable glue should have these qualities: -Accurate application. So that you can easily apply a bead of glue over a narrow paper tab. -Transparent. The airplane will look better if too much glue is applied and it overflows tab boundaries. -It should dry fast enough. It should be strong enough to stick two pieces together after holding for 2 minutes. -It should dry slow enough. The glue must allow enough time to manoeuvre the pieces before setting. -And most importantly: The glue must not deform or wrinkle the paper. X Before starting to assemble the airplane, check your glue: Spread some glue on a sheet of paper and wait a few minutes. If the paper gets wrinkled or wavy, then that glue is not suitable for paper; the aircraft would be deformed and look ugly. A suitable glue is transparent liquid contact glue usually used for repairing shoes. They can be found at the Glues section in big shopping centres or hardware stores. 4
Print pages 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 on normal A4 paper or regular letter paper. Using paper with a basis weight of 20lb // 80gr/m2 will simplify the balancing process. Print full scale (100%) to avoid the distortion of parts and using option Auto-rotate and center pages. Do not fit to page or shrink to page. Cut parts over the external lines. Foldoverthelineswiththehelpof rulers to obtain the shape of each part. Note that you can fold the paper on the lines with the help of the rulers, (to the opposite side) and then, with your fingers, on the same line, to the correct side to obtain the shape of the final piece. 5
Stick parts by applying glue to the overlapping surfaces. Apply a small amount of glue. Otherwise, the airplane will look ugly and it will weigh too much. X 6
Note about printing www.paperaircrafts.com Use either letter or DIN A4 formats, preferably with a weight of 20lb // 80gr/m2. There are eight pages with parts to be printed on five sheets of paper. Pages opposite 8, opposite 9 and opposite 10, must be printed on the reverse side of pages 8, 9 and 10 in order that the plane is correctly decorated. Check option Auto-rotate and center pages but do not check fit to page or shrink to page. Print at 100% scale. You needn t print the rest of the document. View it on the screen and zoom in when needed. Page 8 Sheet 1 Page opposite 8 Page 9 Sheet 2 Page opposite 9 Page 10 Sheet 3 Page opposite 10 Page 11 Sheet 4 Page 12 Sheet 5 If you want to build a static, non-flying model, you can print on a high quality paper in high resolution. However, if you want a flying model it is better to use normal paper. A weight of 20lb//80gr paper is perfect to fold and fly. The thicker the paper, the more difficult it is to fold and the heavier is the plane for flying. 7
Assembling 18 www.paperaircrafts.com 28 26 27 35 35 34 16 56 2 7 20 24 8 42 42 3 6 47 17 4 10 12 32 9 25 34 48 4 19 50 14 1 36 49 29 33 33 46 11 15 13 39 31 58 43 5 21 37 45 41 5 44 38 51 30 51 57 55 57 57 40 53 56 51 52 52 51 14
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About assembling This means: line of glue This means: part 38 pasted here (this side) This means: part 40 pasted here (opposite side) This means: part number 31 1 1.1 2.1 Front sides Opposite sides 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 16
3.1 28 3.2 3.3 27 3.4 3.5 3.6 26 3.7 3.8 3.9 26 28 27 3.10 3.11 4.1 31 4.2 4.3 4.4 17
5.1 46 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 38 6.2 40 41 6.3 43 39 58 6.4 6.5 38 6.6 6.7 39 6.8 7.1 44 45 18
7.2 7.3 7.4 45 7.5 7.6 8.1 44 56 55 8.2 8.3 8.4 56 8.5 8.6 40 8.7 55 8.8 8.9 8.10 41 19
9.1 9.2 9.3 37 36 9.4 9.5 10.1 57 10.2 10.3 42 10.4 57 11.1 11.2 11.3 58 43 11.4 12.1 12.2 1 20
12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 5 4 12.8 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14.1 53 14.2 14.3 14.4 21
14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 15.1 15.2 32 15.3 16.1 16.2 16.3 3 16.4 16.5 16.6 47 48 22
16.7 16.8 16.9 3 47 16.10 16.11 16.12 Do not apply glue at this stage 17.1 17.2 18.1 Apply glue now 35 18.2 18.3 42 18.4 18.5 51 18.6 18.7 52 51 30 23
18.8 18.9 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 19.1 19.2 20.1 20.2 21.1 2 21.2 21.3 21.4 54 24
21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 22.1 7 22.2 6 22.3 22.4 23.1 23.2 24.1 24.2 17 16 24.3 34 25.1 25.2 34 25
25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 17 16 26.1 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 49 50 26
28.5 28.6 29.1 18 29.2 29.3 23 29.4 22 19 18 22 29.5 23 29.6 29.7 29.8 29.9 29.10 21 curved plain 20 29.11 29.12 29.13 27
29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 29.19 30.1 30.2 30.3 8 30.4 30.5 30.6 curved 9 plane 30.7 30.8 30.9 28
30.10 30.11 31.1 25 24 31.2 31.3 32.1 24 tool 32.2 32.3 24 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 33.1 33.2 34.1 25 29
35.1 10 35.2 35.3 13 13 11 12 12 35.4 35.5 35.6 12 11 13 10 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 37.1 37.2 15 14 37.3 37.4 37.5 15 14 30
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1 Stand 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 32
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Elevator How to fly it www.paperaircrafts.com Rudder Aileron Flap 1 Aerodynamic cleanness X If the surfaces are bent, force the paper with your fingers trying to straighten them. The airplane may have defects, but they must be symmetrical. 34
2 Aircraft balance Rest the airplane on two fingers so that the lower wing circles are positioned directly above them. If it stays level and does not fall it is balanced. Ready to fly If it falls forward, the nose is too heavy. Put a load on the tail or try to remove some cones from the nose. If it falls backward, it needs more weight in the nose. Did you paste parts 4, 5, 33, 35, 36, 37, 42,57, 51, 52 and 50? Add some pieces of paper if needed. 35
3 Throwing 1. www.paperaircrafts.com It is easier to throw the airplane while holding it in the line of sight and projecting it along its longitudinal axis. 2. Prior to the first flight, bend the elevator gently upwards. X 1. 2. X 1. 2. Once you have mastered throwing it at eye level, try to launch it over head for a longer flight. 3. 3. 36
4 Correcting the flight path: Pitch www.paperaircrafts.com If the aircraft pitches down towards the ground, bend the elevator gently upwards. Repeat the flight. If it still goes down, bend the elevator upwards a little more until the aircraft glides straight. If the gliding path oscillates as shown above the elevator may be deflected too far upwards. Reduce the amount of upward deflection. In this case the nose still needs a little more weight. Add some pieces of paper to the nose. 37
If you manage to stabilize the glide path but the flight path is too far downwards the nose may be too heavy. Try to remove some parts nº 50 or add weight to the tail and reduce the elevator s upward deflection. + 5 Correcting the flight path: direction In order to correct the turn, gently adjust the angle of the ailerons asymmetrically as shown in the images. The deflections in the pictures are exaggerated; you will obtain the opposite effect. 38
In case of slight corrections in direction, you can use the rudders. Adjust them very gently. Correct left turns by deflecting the rudder right. Correct right turns by deflecting the rudder left. Slipped flight has poor a glide ratio. The airplane somehow flies sideways and banks a little. The tail and wing might not be correctly adjusted. Flight path Flight path Left slip: tail steering right, wing steering left. Right slip: Tail steering left, wing steering right. Correct left slip by moving the rudder to the left and ailerons steering right Correct right slip by moving the rudder to the right and ailerons steering left. 39
7 Advanced Flight Once you have calibrated the glide path in pitch and direction, you can try different airplane performances. Cruise : Lower the flaps a little. Theairplanewillfly more smoothly Approach : Lower the flaps a little more. Compensate the downward pitch by raising the elevator if needed. The airplane will fly slower. Landing : Lower the flaps significantly. Compensate the downward pitch by raising the elevator. The airplane will fly more slowly with a shorter glide path. 40