Research Article Turk J Zool 2011; 35(2): 175-181 TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/zoo-0906-11 A new eyeless mite species of the genus Eustigmaeus Berlese (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Turkey Salih DOĞAN 1, *, Güldem DÖNEL 2, Sezgin ÖZÇELİK 3 1 Atatürk University, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, Department of Secondary Education Science and Mathematics Teaching, Biology Teacher Training, Erzurum - TURKEY 2 Bayburt University, Education Faculty, Department of Science Education, Bayburt - TURKEY 3 Hakkari University, Yüksekova Vocational School, Department of Apiculture, Hakkari - TURKEY Received: 05.09.2009 Abstract: A new eyeless mite species of the genus Eustigmaeus from Turkey, Eustigmaeus anophthalmus, is described and illustrated. Key words: Acari, Stigmaeidae, Eustigmaeus, new species, Turkey Türkiye den Eustigmaeus Berlese (Acari: Stigmaeidae) cinsine ait gözsüz yeni bir akar türü Özet: Türkiye den Eustigmaeus cinsine ait gözsüz yeni bir akar türünün, Eustigmaeus anophthalmus, tanımı yapılmış ve özgün şekilleri verilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Acari, Stigmaeidae, Eustigmaeus, yeni tür, Türkiye Introduction The Stigmaeidae is the largest family in the superfamily Raphignathoidea, belonging to the order Prostigmata. This family currently contains 32 valid genera (Fan, 2005; Fan and Walter, 2005; Fan and Zhang, 2005; Ehara and Ueckermann, 2006; Ueckermann, 2008). Eustigmaeus Berlese is one of the largest genera in this family and currently contains 102 species (Fan, 2005; Fan and Zhang, 2004, 2005; Doğan, 2005; Faraji et al., 2007; Cheng and Fan, 2008). In Turkey, 19 species are known (Doğan, 2007; Erman et al., 2007). Members of the genus Eustigmaeus can be recognized by having the following: a globular body; 3 unpaired dorsal shields, the propodosomal, hysterosomal, and suranal; humeral shields bear setae c 2 ventrolaterally; aggenital shield with 1 to 3 pairs of setae; anogenital covers with 3 or 4 pairs of setae; eyes and humeral callosity absent or present; palp tarsus with a tridentate, terminal eupathidium. These mites were found on mosses, lichens, grass, and in various litters, and a few are parasitic on sandflies (Doğan and Ayyıldız, 2003; Doğan et al., 2003; Doğan, 2005). * E-mail: sadogan@atauni.edu.tr 175
A new eyeless mite species of the genus Eustigmaeus Berlese (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Turkey Most Eustigmaeus species have one pair of eyes located between propodosomal setae ve and sci. There are some species having no eyes. These eyeless species include E. coronaria (Kuznetzov, 1977), E. gamma (Chaudhri, 1965), E. gorgasi (Chaudhri, 1965), E. johnstoni Zhang and Gerson, 1995, E. lirella (Summers and Price, 1961), and E. parasitica (Chaudhri, 1965). The new species is found in a decayed willow trunk. E. coronaria is found in the hollow of an ash tree. E. lirella is found in soil and screenings from the nest of the woodrat. E. parasitica, E. gamma, E. gorgasi, and E. johnstoni are found on phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). This symbiotic relationship between some species of Eustigmaeus and phlebotomine sandflies was formerly assumed to be parasitism by Chaudhri (1965) and phoresy by Gerson (1972). Later this association was considered parasitism by Zhang and Gerson (1995) because these mites leave feeding wounds or scars on their hosts bodies. In this paper, a new eyeless Eustigmaeus species is described and illustrated from Turkey; also a key to eyeless Eustigmaeus species for their identification is presented. Materials and methods Methods used for specimens collection, extraction, material preservation, preparation, and drawing of the specimens were as discussed by Doğan (2006), and so will not be repeated here. The terminology is adopted from Grandjean (1944) and Kethley (1990). All measurements are given in micrometers (μm). The measurement in front of the parentheses is the value of the holotype, and parenthesized ranges have been given as dispersion of measurements of the paratypes. The type materials are deposited in the Zoological Museum of Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Results and discussion Genus: Eustigmaeus Berlese Type species: Eustigmaeus kermesinus (Koch, 1841) Key to eyeless Eustigmaeus species* 1 Femur IV with 2 setae... 2 Femur IV with 3 setae... E. parasitica (Chaudhri) 2 Three pairs of aggenital setae... 3 Two pairs of aggenital setae...... E. anophthalmus sp. nov. 3 Dorsal body setae long and barbed... 4 Dorsal body setae short and branched or barbed...5 4 Dorsal setae c 1, d 1, e 1 and f 1 of uniform width, not flattened near the base; setae ps 1 to ps 3 subequal... E. gorgasi (Chaudhri) Dorsal setae c 1, d 1 e 1, and f 1 flattened near their bases; length of setae ps 3 1.5 times that of ps 1 or ps 2... E. coronaria (Kuznetzov) 5 Distance between c 1, d 1, and e 1 -e 1 subequal... 6 Distance between c 1 and d 1 subequal, both much less than e 1 -e 1... E. gamma (Chaudhri) 6 Dorsal setae flat, with short barbs on distal ¾... E. lirella (Summers and Price) Dorsal setae thin, with long branches throughout..... E. johnstoni Zhang and Gerson * This key is based on Zhang and Gerson (1995). Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. Holotype Female (Figures 1-10) Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 380 (395-410), width 275 (270-280). Dorsum Dorsal shields covered with polygonal dimples, dimples near the setae bases smaller than other dimples. Propodosomal shield with 4 pairs of setae (vi, ve, sci, and sce). Eyes absent. Hysterosomal shield with 6 pairs of setae (c 1, d 1, d 2, e 1, e 2, and f 1 ), suranal shield with 2 pairs of setae (h 1 and h 2 ). Dorsal idiosomal setae very long, with barbs except close to their bases, most of them blunt-tipped, with hyaline sheath, no visible sheath on setae h 2. All dorsal setae located on tubercles. Dimensions of setae as follows: vi: 120 (110-115), ve: 165 (155-165), sci: 155 (140-155), sce: 150 (140-155), c 1 : 165 (150-165), c 2 : 120 (105-120), d 1 : 150 (150-160), d 2 : 155 (140-155), e 1 : 165 (155-175), e 2 : 175 (150-175), f 1 : 110 (110-115), h 1 : 100 (70-100), h 2 : 40 (40-45). Distances between setae: 176
1 Figure 1. Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. (female): Dorsal Figure 2. Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. (female): Ventral 2 3 Figure 3. Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. (female): Lateral 177
A new eyeless mite species of the genus Eustigmaeus Berlese (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Turkey 5 4 7 6 65 µm 8 9 10 Figures 4-10. Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. (female): (4) Leg I, (5) Leg II, (6) Leg III, (7) Leg IV, (8) Palp, (9) Ventral view of gnathosoma, (10) Chelicerae. vi-vi: 40 (40-45), ve-ve: 85 (75-80), vi-ve 30 (25-30), sci-sci: 145 (140-145), ve-sci: 60 (50-65), sce-sce: 235 (230-240), sci-sce: 60 (55-65), c 1 : 90 (85-95), d -d : 2 2 235 (230-240), c 1 : 90 (85-90), c 1 -d 2 : 90 (90-105), d 1 : 85 (80-85), d-d : 85 (80-85), e-e : 220 (210-2 1 2 2 220), d 2 -e 2 : 85 (80-85), d -e : 105 (95-105), e -e : 110 1 1 1 1 (95-115), e 2 -e 1 : 70 (65-70), f 1 : 70 (70-75), e 1 : 35 (30-40), e 2 : 105 (100-105), h -h : 40 (35-40), h -h : 1 1 2 2 85 (80-85), h 1 -h 2 : 20 (20-25). Venter Setae c 2 similar to other dorsals, located on humeral shields, ornamented with dimples. No humeral callosities. Coxisternal shields completely divided, covered with circular dimples and bearing setae 1a, 3a, and 4a. Surface on coxae with faint polygonal dimples. Aggenital shield with polygonal dimples, 2 pairs of setae, ag 1 shorter than ag 2. Anogenital covers with 3 pairs of setae, ps 1 and ps 2 subequal in length, but ps 3 longer than others and notched. Suranal and humeral shields with pattern similar to that of dorsum. Legs Leg I: 240 (240-248), leg II: 200 (210-220), leg III: 220 (220-228), leg IV: 230 (235-240). Counts of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on leg segments I-IV as follows: tarsi 14(ω) 10(ω) 8(ω) 8(ω), tibiae 7(φρ,φ) 6(φρ) 6(φρ) 6(φρ), genua 4(κ) 4(κ) 1 1, femora 6 5 3 2, trochantera 1 1 2 1, coxae 2 2 2 2. Length of solenidia ω I : 20 (20-23), ω II : 18 (15-20), ω III : 18 (15-18), ω IV : 10 (8-10). 178
Gnathosoma Subcapitulum with 2 pairs of adoral setae distally and 2 pairs of subcapitular setae (m and n) proximally. Length of subcapitular setae n: 30 (27-35), m: 25 (23-28); distances between setae: m-m: 28 (23-30), n-n: 28 (23-30), and m-n: 15 (10-15). Gnathosoma base 90 (83-95), chelicerae (including movable digits) 115 (100-118), movable digits 55 (40-58), palp 125 (118-130) long, femur with 3 setae; genu with 2 setae; tibia with 2 setae, 1 claw and 1 accessory claw; tarsus cylindrical, with 5 setae, 1 solenidion and apical trident eupathidium. Male (Figures 11-16) (n = 1) Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 355, width 190. Dorsum Dorsal shields covered with polygonal dimples as in female. Dorsal body setae long, with barbs and faint hyaline sheath, no visible sheath on setae h 1 and h 2. Dimensions of setae as follows: vi: 90, ve: 60, sci: 95, sce: 70, c 1 : 115, c : 85, d : 140, d : 130, e : 2 1 2 1 55, e 2 : 125, f 1 : 80, h 1 : 30, h : 35, e setae smaller than 2 1 others. Distances between setae: vi-vi: 35, ve-ve: 70, vi-ve 30, sci-sci: 140, ve-sci: 40, sce-sce: 185, sci-sce: 45, c 1 : 85, d -d : 190, c -d : 75, c -d : 65, d -d : 65, d - 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 d 1 : 65, e 2 -e 2 : 140, d -e : 65, d -e : 50, e -e : 70, e -e : 45, 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 f 1 : 60, e 1 : 35, e -f : 60, h -h :50, h -h : 15, h -h : 10. 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 Venter Setae c 2 similar to dorsals, located on humeral shields, ornamented with dimples. Coxisternal shields completely divided, with circular dimples and bearing setae 1a, 3a, and 4a. Surface on coxae faintly polygonal dimpled. Aggenital shield with 1 pair of setae. Anogenital covers bearing 3 pairs of setae, ps 3 peg-like, ps 2 clearly shorter than ps 1. Legs Leg I: 215, leg II: 150, leg III: 170, leg IV: 210. Counts of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on leg segments I-IV as follows: tarsi 15(ω,ω ) 11(ω, ω ) 9(ω, ω ) 9(ω, ω ), tibiae 7(φρ,φ) 6(φρ) 6(φρ) 6(φρ), genua 4(κ) 4(κ) 1 1, femora 6 5 3 2, trochantera 1 1 2 1, coxae 2 2 2 2. Length of solenidia ω I : 25, ω : 23, ω : 18, ω : 15, ω : 40, ω : II III IV I II 38, ω III : 33, ω IV : 33. Figure 11. Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. (male): Dorsal 11 12 Figure 12. Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. (male): Ventral 179
A new eyeless mite species of the genus Eustigmaeus Berlese (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Turkey 14 13 15 16 Figures 13-16. Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. (male): (13) Leg I, (14) Leg II, (15) Leg III, (16) Leg IV. Table. Differences between Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. and related species. Number Pairs Dorsal setae Setal κ of setae of short and formula on on femur aggenital branched of tarsi genu IV setae or barbed I-IV I long E. anophthalmus 2 2-14-10-8-8 + E. coronaria 2 3-14-10-8-8 + E. lirella 2 3 + 14-10-8-7 - E. parasitica 3 3-13-9-8-7 - E. gamma 2 3 + 14-9-8-7 - E. gorgasi 2 3-14-9-8-7 - E. johnstoni 2 3 + 13-9-8-7 + + yes, no Gnathosoma Number of subcapitular setae and setae on palp segments as in female. Dimension of setae n: 23, m: 18; distances between setae: m-m: 20, n-n: 23, and m-n: 13. Gnathosoma base 75, palp 125, chelicerae (including moveable digits) 95, moveable digits 50 long. Other immature stages Unknown. Type materials Holotype female and allotype male from a decayed Salix sp. trunk, 40 18ʹ27ʺ N, 41 34ʹ38ʺ E, 1940 m, Tortum, Erzurum, 5 October 2008. Three paratype females same data as holotype, coll. F. Sezek. 180
Etymology The name of this species, anophthalmus, refers to the absence of eyes. Remarks Eustigmaeus anophthalmus is closest to E. coronaria (Kuznetzov, 1977), E. gorgasi (Chaudhri, 1965), and E. parasitica (Chaudhri, 1965) in having very long dorsal setae among eyeless species of the genus. However, it is separated from them in the number of aggenital setae. Aggenital shields bear 2 pairs of setae in the new species and 3 pairs in related species. Differences between Eustigmaeus anophthalmus sp. nov. and related species are given in the Table. References Chaudhri, W.M. 1965. New mites of genus Ledermuelleria. Acarologia 7: 467-486. Cheng, H. and Fan, Q.-H. 2008. A catalogue of the Chinese Raphignathoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Syst. Appl. Acarol. 13: 256-278. Doğan, S. 2005. Eustigmaeus mites from Turkey (Acari: Stigmaeidae). J. Nat. Hist. 39: 835-861. Doğan, S. 2006. Contributions to the knowledge of the raphignathoid mites of Turkey (Acari, Raphignathoidea) with description of a new species. Int. J. Acarol. 32: 371-375. Doğan, S. 2007. Checklist of raphignathoid mites (Acari: Raphignathoidea) of Turkey. Zootaxa, 1454: 1-26. Doğan, S. and Ayyıldız, N. 2003. New species of Eustigmaeus Berlese, 1910, (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Turkey. J. Nat. Hist. 37: 2113-2117. Doğan, S., Ayyıldız, N. and Fan, Q.-H. 2003. Descriptions of two new species and a newly recorded species of Eustigmaeus from Turkey (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Syst. Appl. Acarol. 8: 131-144. Ehara, S. and Ueckermann, E.A. 2006. A new genus of Stigmaeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Okinawa Island. Zootaxa, 1160: 29-36. Erman, O., Özkan, M., Ayyıldız, N. and Doğan, S. 2007. Checklist of the mites (Arachnida: Acari) of Turkey. Second supplement. Zootaxa, 1532: 1-21. Fan, Q.-H. 2005. Synopsis of the described Actinedida of the world, family Stigmaeidae. In: Hallan, J. (Ed.), Synopsis of the described Arachnida of the world, http://insects.tamu.edu/ research/collection/hallan/acari/actinedida1.htm Fan, Q.-H. and Walter, D.E. 2005. Mediostigmaeus gen. n. (Acari: Stigmaeidae), with the description of a new species from the USA. Zootaxa, 1036: 21-29. Fan, Q.-H. and Zhang, Z.-Q. 2004. Revision of raphignathoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) in the collection of H. Habeeb. Zootaxa, 763: 1-28. Fan, Q.-H. and Zhang, Z.-Q. 2005. Raphignathoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Fauna of New Zealand 52: 1-400, Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. Faraji, F., Ueckermann, E.A. and Bakker, F. 2007. First record of Eustigmaeus jiangxiensis Hu, Chen and Huang (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from France with a key to the European species of Eustigmaeus Berlese, 1910. Int. J. Acarol. 33: 145-151. Gerson, U. 1972. Mites of the genus Ledermuelleria (Prostigmata: Stigmaeidae) associated with mosses in Canada. Acarologia, 13: 319-343. Grandjean, F. 1944. Observations sur les acariens de la famille des Stigmaeidae. Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. 26: 103-131. Kethley, J. 1990. Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). In: Soil Biology Guide (ed. D.L. Dindal), John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 667-756. Kuznetzov, N.N. 1977. New species of the family Stigmaeidae from Crimea. Zool. Zh. 56: 635-638. Summers, F.M. and Price, D.W. 1961. New and redescription species of Ledermuelleria from North America (Acarina: Stigmaeidae). Hilgardia, 31: 369-387. Ueckermann, E.A. 2008. A new species of Pilonychiopus Meyer, 1969 and Farajimaeus n. gen. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from South Africa. Int. J. Acarol. 34: 251-258. Zhang, Z-Q. and Gerson, U. 1995. Eustigmaeus johnstoni, new species (Acari: Stigmaeidae), parasitic on phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Tijdschr. Entomol. 138: 297-301. 181