Hepatitis B vaccination

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Hepatitis B vaccination Course for nurses Franco Vietnamese Hospital Ho Chi Minh City 19/04/2006 Dr José Bengoa

Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis B > 350 000 000 000 Hepatitis C > 200 000 000 000

Viral Hepatitis Overview Types of Viral Hepatitis Source of virus A B C D E feces blood blood blood feces Route of transmission fecal-oral percutaneous permucosal percutaneous permucosal percutaneous permucosal fecal-oral Chronic infection Prevention no yes yes yes no vaccine vaccine No vaccine No vaccine No vaccine CDC

CDC Geographic Distribution of Chronic HBV Infection HBsAg Prevalence 8% - High 2-7% - Intermediate <2% - Low

Prevalence of VHB HBV serologic markers in USA Chinese/SEA 13% drug users 6% homosexual males 6% HIV infected 8% pregnant females 0.4 1.5 %

Hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam Thanh Hoa province D.B. Hipgrave,, et al Am J Trop Med Hyg,, 2003 HBsAg + (HBeAg +) 536 infants 12.5% (85%) 228 children 18.4% (88%) 219 adolescents 20.5% (71%) 596 adults 18.8% (30%)

HBV Modes of Transmission Sexual Parenteral Perinatal CDC

Age of Acquisition of Chronic HBV Infections in High Endemic Countries Age of Acquisition Perinatal Young children Adolescents/Adults % of Chronic Infections 10-30 65-85 <5

mi`nh

Concentration of HBV in Various Body Fluids Low/Not High Moderate Detectable blood serum wound exudates semen vaginal fluid saliva urine feces sweat tears breast milk CDC

Những người sau đây dễ bị rủi ro nhiễm bệnh và nên thử nghiệm Nhân viên chăm sóc sức khỏe và nhân viên cấp cứu Bạn tìnhhoặc những người sống chung gần gũi trong nhà với người bị nhiễm Những người làm tình với nhiều người Những người chíchma túy Dong tinh luyen ai nam Những người được truyền máutrước năm 1990 Những người xâmminh TẤT CẢ phụ nữ có thai nên thứ nghiệm viêmganb

CDC Hepatitis B Clinical Features Incubation period: Average 60-90 days Range 45-180 days Clinical illness <5 yrs, <10% (jaundice): >5 yrs, 30%-50% Acute case-fatality rate: 0.5%-1% Chronic infection: <5 yrs, 30%-90% >5 yrs, 2%-10% Premature mortality from chronic liver disease: 15%-25%

Thử máu viêm gan B gom 3 xn Thử Kết quả Diễn giải Đề nghị HBsAg HBsAb HBcAb Âm (-) Âm (-) Âm (-) KHÔNG MIÊN NHIÊM cân chùng ngùa chùng ngùa HBsAg HBsAb HBcAb Âm (-) Dương (+) Âm hoặc dương (+) MIÊN NHIÊM không thé truyên sang nguòi khác không cân chùng ngùa HBsAg HBsAb HBcAb Dương (+) Âm (-) Âm hoặc dương (-/+) Nhiêm CÂP TINH hoặc MAN TINH ; có thê truyên siêu vi này sang nguòi khác kham bác sĩ chuyen khoa HBsAg HBsAb HBcAb Âm (-) Âm (-) Dương (+) KHÔNG RO có thê diên giài nhiêu cáchch Kham bác sĩ

Natural History of chronic hepatitis Resolution Stable Phase Compensated Cirrhosis Acute Infection Chronic Hepatitis C Cirrhosis Liver Cancer Death Chronic Carrier (?) Progression 15-40 Years Decompensated Cirrhosis (Death)

Jiang He, et al, 2005 N Engl J Med September 15, 2005 Major Causes of Death among Men and Women in China

Chi Tiết Điều Trị Viêm Gan B Lamivudine (Zeffix) là loai thuôc viên uông môi ngày môt vien Adefovir (Hepsera) cung là thuôc viên uông môi ngày môt vien trong môt nam Interferon (Pegasys( Pegasys, Pegintron) là thuôc chich môi tuân môt lân Diêu quan trong phai biêt là không phai bênh nhân nào bi HBV man tinh deu phài dùng thuôc.

Hepatitis B Immunization Programs Objective Prevent chronic HBV infections prevent chronic liver disease reduce the reservoir for transmission of new infections

Viêm gan B

Hepatitis B vaccination in Vietnam all newborns for free at birth in major hospitals at 3 months in local medical centers three doses if mother is HBsAg + HB Ig given at birth in major hospitals only vaccination for teenagers suggested but at cost available vaccines Engerix in big cities and RHBVax in provinces

Effect of Routine Infant Immunization on the Prevalence of Chronic HBV Infection Chronic HBV infection Study Year No. Tested Age (yrs) Vaccine Coverage Before Program After Program Alaska 1995 268 1-10 96% 16% 0% Taiwan 1994 424 7-10 73% 10% 1.1% Samoa 1996 435 7-8 87% 7% 0.5% Lombok 1994 2519 4 > 90% 6.2% 1.9% Saipan 1994 200 3-4 94% 9% 0.5% Ponape 1994 364 3-4 82% NA 1.0% Micronesia 1992 544 2 40% 12% 3.0%

Liver Cancer Death Rates among 0-9 Year Old Children, 1974-1993,Taiwan Incidence per 100,000 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Start of HepB vaccination 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 Year

Hepatitis B summary prevalence in Vietnam > 15% most transmission is maternal- fetal a vaccine prevents the disease cirrhosis and liver cancer frequent very high health care costs new treatments but very high cost

Các Dữ Kiện Nhanh về Viêm Gan B 5-10% người lớn 30-50% trẻ em 90% em bé sẽ không loại dừt hẳn đườc siêu vi này và bị nhiễm man tinh Nhung người bi nhiêm man tinh cung dê bị bênh gan nhiêu hon sau này Siêu vi B dê truyên nhiêm hon gâp 100 lân so voi siêu vi AIDS. Bênh HBV môi nam làm cho hon 1 triêu người tu vong