RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY Eng. Ângelo Canavitsas - M. Sc. PETROBRAS - Radio Spectrum Management

Most of the information and figures available in this presentation were obtained from public media. 2 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Agenda Goal Interference definition Radio frequency management Application in offshore environment Industry mitigation strategies Telecommunications equipment requirements Network validation analyses Conclusion 3 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Goal The goal of this presentation is to show the studies and techniques applied by Radio Spectrum Management in PETROBRAS to mitigate the possible harmful interferences cases and statistically minimize these occurrences in the new telecommunication projects to Oil & Gas industry. 4 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Interference Interference definition The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of emissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy. Reference: International Telecommunication Union - ITU 5 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

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Interference Satisfactory occurrence reception The Example interference of situation ocurs where due to signal the levels changing are presented of the proportions suitable for of desired normal and operation undesired of a signal generic levels receiver. (S/N), which can cause harmful interference. -105 dbm -109 dbm -119 dbm FB = X khz ( Frequency bandwidth) Inadequate [S/N] to guaranty the insulation for safe operation 4 db Desired signal level received by the equipment Minimum required level for the field strength 10 db Minimum Insulation between Signal and Noise (about 10 db) Unwanted energy (co-channel) harmful interference signal Unwanted energy (co-channel) non-interfering -127 dbm Average noise level in the region OCF = 455 MHz Operational Central Frequency S : Signal N : Noise 7 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

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Radio frequency management Organization Radio frequency data bank (integrated with national regulator) Updated propagation prediction tool (Reference: ITU) Detailed geographic information system GIS Topography data Morphologic data Licensed frequencies Knowledge of legislation and regulatory bodies Telecommunication services Trends in the telecommunications market PETROBRAS Frequency Plan Alignment with the policies of the international bureau standards to spectrum industry applications Constant network adaptability capacity 9 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Radio frequency management (Cont.) Reference documents used to designed the frequency plan to the company. Radio Regulation - International Telecommunication Union ITU Plano de Atribuição, Destinação e Distribuição de Faixas de Frequências no Brasil Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency ANATEL National Telecommunications and Information Administration NTIA Federal Communications Commission - FCC 10 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Radio frequency management (Cont.) Reference documents used to designed the frequency plan to the company. Radio Regulation - International Telecommunication Union ITU Plano de Atribuição, Destinação e Distribuição de Faixas de Frequências no Brasil Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency ANATEL National Telecommunications and Information Administration NTIA Federal Communications Commission - FCC 11 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

14th International Conference - Oil & Gas Communications Brazil Rio de Janeiro 25, 26 April Radio frequency management (Cont.) Reference documents used to designed the frequency plan to the company. Radio Regulation - International Telecommunication Union ITU Plano de Atribuição, Destinação e Distribuição de Faixas de Frequências no Brasil Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency ANATEL National Telecommunications and Information Administration NTIA Federal Communications Commission - FCC 12 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

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450 MHz 451 MHz 455 MHz 456 MHz 458 MHz 459 MHz 460 MHz 461 MHz 462 MHz 465 MHz 467 MHz 468 MHz 470 MHz Private service 14th International Conference - Oil & Gas Communications Brazil Rio de Janeiro 25, 26 April Example of application in offshore environment To meet a national public telecommunication policy, in 2010 a significant part of the spectrum (450-470 MHz), designed for the private services, was relocated to the telecommunication service providers. The company was severely affected and had to implement a mitigation strategy. Frequency band allocated to telecommunication service Private service providers Frequency band allocated to telecommunication service Private service providers New local spectrum environment 14 14 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Application in offshore environment (Cont.) The 450 MHz band is highly used in offshore environment. The amount of available channels is not enough to attend all the offshore units. The kind of communications are critical and it is not possible to reduce the networking capabilities. It is necessary apply the frequency reuse in the group of the available channels. 15 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Application in offshore environment (Cont.) The 450 MHz band is highly used in offshore environment. The amount of available channels is not enough to attend all the offshore units. D Insufficient distance to get the appropriated insulation in The kind of communications are critical the and frequency it is domain. not possible to reduce the networking capabilities. It is necessary apply the frequency reuse in the group of the available channels. 16 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Industry mitigation strategies E.g. of mitigation technique applying geographic separation, carrier detector and code groups. GROUP X Frequency 01 - Code 15 Frequency 03 - Code 16 Frequency 05 - Code 23 Code 15 GROUP X Frequency 01 -- Code 15 10 Frequency 03 -- Code 16 13 Frequency 05 05 - - Code 2327 18 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Industry mitigation strategies (Cont.) Simulation of statistical collision of two users in the same frequency, but with different codes and carrier detection. Remark: The estimated probability of this kind of collision is less than 2% of the time. User 01 User 02 20 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Telecommunications equipment requirements The equipments need to have the capacities listed bellow: Intrinsically safe equipment for operation in explosive environments Operation with analogical modulation Network with groups (Sub tones coding) Carrier sensing (Smart PTT) Operation with digital modulation Network with groups (ID coding) Carrier sensing (Smart PTT) Digital ID code Analogic Sub ton code CEPEL certificate 21 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Network validation analyses The frequencies and radio links are evaluated in terms of performance, considering the availability and communication quality. The radio frequency database is used integrated with data from the regulator (website) and it permits to check the possible degradation, caused by electromagnetic interference. Prediction Propagation Toll Regulator WEBSITE PETROBRAS Radiofrequency Data Bank 22 22 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Conclusion This presentation allows us to understand briefly how the radio frequencies management of PETROBRAS minimizes the cases of electromagnetic interference. We described typical applications of the offshore area, some mitigation strategies and requirements for equipment operating in the telecommunications network in PETROBRAS network. 23 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

E-mai: canavitsas@petrobras.com.br Website: www.canavitsas.com.br 24 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STUDIES IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY