Sustainable Strategies for Rehabilitation Projects: 9th Street Office Building Adaptive Reuse Case Study

Sustainable Strategies for Rehabilitation Projects: 9th Street Office Building Adaptive Reuse Case Study

Robert C. Burns, AIA, LEED AP Principal Director of Historic Architecture 804. 648. 5040, ext. 1107 rburns@comarchs.com Commonwealth Architects 101 Shockoe Slip, Third Floor Richmond, VA 23219 www.comarchs.com Patrick MacClenahan Associate Principal 804. 474. 7818 pmacclenahan@integral-group.net Integral Group 11520 Nuckols Road, Suite 110 Glen Allen, VA 23059 www.integralgroup.com

Sustainable Strategies / Overlaps / Opportunities For Historic Rehabilitation Projects Take advantage of the inherent nature of the project: Rehabilitating an existing structure is fundamentally green. Adaptive Reuse is the Ultimate Recycling. Restoration of historic fabric Natural Ventilation and Daylighting Insulated or storm sash windows where appropriate Eco-friendly material selection (local & renewable) Projects are often Urban Community connectivity is smart growth at its best.

Sustainable Strategies / Overlaps / Opportunities For Historic Rehabilitation Projects Opportunities for New Equipment and Systems Energy Efficient Modern HVAC Systems Possibility of Innovative technologies for renewable energy (solar, geothermal): Less sophisticated, Lower O&M costs Air Quality Ventilation / Circulation Monitoring of CO2 Water Conservation & Efficiency Rainwater Harvesting Cistern Graywater Reuse Reduced-Flow Plumbing Fixtures Waterless Urinals

Sustainable Historic Projects: Additional Project Issues The Secretary of the Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation vs. Sustainable Guidelines Flexibility required on both sides Historical Considerations Work with existing building characteristics Aesthetic Considerations New work must coexist in harmony with original LEED-NC vs. Renovations in General Designed for New Construction Not all credits will be applicable

Case Study 9 th Street State Office Building Richmond, Virginia PROJECT INFORMATION Original Building Constructed: 1904 / 1911 Renovation Completion Date: Projected March, 2016 Building Area: 175,892 gsf Estimated construction cost: $ 50,000,000. Owner: Commonwealth of Virginia Department of General Services Contractor: Kjellstrom + Lee Richmond, VA Projected LEED Certification Level: LEED-NC 2009 Silver Green Features: High Reflectivity Roof Materials Low Water Usage Plumbing Fixtures High Efficiency VRF Mechanical Equipment Specification of Low VOC emitting materials User controllability of Lighting Systems User controllability of Thermal Comfort Systems

9 th Street State Office Building: Building History Post Card ca. 1920

Hotel Richmond 1904

Hotel Richmond ca. 1904

Capitol Square 1920s

9 th Street Elevation

Ninth Street Elevation

Grace Street Elevation

Grace Street Elevation

Detail of Marquee and Stonework of Entrance Door

Detail of Two Upper Stories

First Floor Plan

Section-looking toward new entrance

9 th Street Office Building LEED Project Scorecard

Architectural Strategy: Restoration of Historic Fabric Research existing systems and building conditions Identify potential sources of water infiltration Specify materials and design repairs compatible with historic systems, BUT Consider modern materials where appropriate for improved performance Care and Craftsmanship in design and implementation

Architectural Strategy: Incorporation of New Building Insulation and Water / Air Barriers Perform selective demolition to determine existing building conditions and identify potential sources of air and water infiltration Determine acceptable level of resistance within historic context Consider alternative methods and materials for obtaining desired result Specify materials and design repairs compatible with historic systems, but Consider modern materials where appropriate for improved performance

Architectural Strategy: Replacement Windows Research historic window configurations to determine requirements Specify high quality insulated units to match historic configurations where appropriate Consider low maintenance cladding materials as replacement for painted wood units where appropriate

Architectural Strategy: Replacement Roof Perform selective demolition to determine full scope of existing roof removal and replacement Take advantage of the opportunity to maximize the insulation value of the new roof system Consider use of tapered insulation to correct preexisting roof drainage issues Specify light colored or coated roof membrane materials to minimize the heat island effect of the roof surface

Four Pipe System Central Plant Options: Central Plant in a New Dedicated Plant Structure (SKM-1, 1A and SKM-7) Advantages Provide added Space, more flexibility for future development Possible Lower operating cost Negatives Added first cost for 9th street Cooling tower location and plant access are difficult Central Plant in Basement of Existing Building (SKM-2) Advantages Keep all pertaining systems within the foot print of the 9th street building Lower first cost Negatives Very tight space, difficult access Difficulties with air intake With both options the cooling tower can be on the Roof of the 9th St Building. The existing design for each floor does not change

Ventilation air exhaust riser Ventilation air supply riser Fan coil unit 4 pipe riser TYPICAL FOUR PIPE SYSTEM OFFICE LAYOUT

Air Cooled VRF: 1 or two air cooled VRF condensing units per floor. About 20 Condensing units on roof. 4 pound of refrigerant per ton. High population spaces will require package DX units on roof and split systems for units in basement. It is difficult to locate condensing units at the lower levels. Water Cooled VRF: 2 or 3 water cooled VRF condensing units for a total of 16 ton per floor. One cooling tower on the roof. 2 pound of refrigerant per ton. High population spaces will use water cooled package condensing units or heat pumps. Floor Distribution: With either of the above options, fan coil units are wall mounted and can be incorporated in a ceiling plenum along the corridor wall.

Variable Flow Refrigerant Refrigerant Issues (ASHRAE 15 and IMC Chapter11): Refrigerant is considered hazardous in higher concentration. In case of system failure or leak, ASHRAE and the IMC define the concentration of refrigerant that can be safely released in the occupied space. The size of the space in which the release occur will affect the concentration. Considering that each floor is around 16 tons, the following is to be considered: Water cool system: Air cooled system: The smallest occupied room no smaller than 478 sf. The smallest occupied space no smaller than 925 sf. By providing air transfer between the spaces these limits go away. The open plenum ventilation air relief will provide sufficient transfer to eliminate the room size limit.

REFRIGERANT VOLUME SCHEDULE UNIT NO. CONDENSING UNIT LOCATION SPACE VOLUME *NOTE 1 (CUBIC FT) REFRIGERANT TYPE TOTAL CAPACITY (LB) SINGLE CIRCUIT CAPACITY (LB) SMALLEST VOLUME SERVED *NOTE 2 (CUBIC FT) MAXIMUM CHARGE ALLOWED (LB/1000 CF) MINIMUM VOLUME REQUIRED (CUBIC FT) REQUIRED SPACE VOLUME MET REMARKS HP B-1 ROOM B-21 3,000 410A 2.40 2.4 28,766 25 96 YES HP B-2 UTILITY ROOM B-31 5,265 410A 10.30 5.4 17,050 25 216 YES HP B-3 ROOM B-33 5,401 410A 3.50 3.5 5,401 25 140 YES HP B-4 ROOM B-33 5,401 410A 3.50 3.5 5,401 25 140 YES HP 1-1 MECHANICAL ROOM B-18 27,945 410A 33.10 16.8 71,002 25 672 YES HP 1-2 ROOM 114 14,425 410A 3.50 3.5 14,425 25 140 YES HP-12-1 MECHANICAL ROOM 120X 3,429 410A 3.50 3.5 3,429 25 140 YES HP 12-2 ELEV. MACHINE RM. 10,111 410A 35.60 17.8 10,111 25 712 YES AHU-B-1 MECHANICAL ROOM B-18 27,945 410A 46.00 24.0 64,255 25 960 YES AHU-B-2 MECHANICAL ROOM B-09 2,970 410A 13.95 7.0 41,780 25 280 YES AHU-2-1 MECHANICAL ROOM B-18 27,945 410A 46.00 23.0 45,354 25 920 YES AHU-9-1 ROOF/OUTDOOR N/A 410A 44.00 22.0 104,883 25 880 YES MAU-1 ROOF/OUTDOOR N/A 410A 67.00 39.0 456,627 25 1,560 YES MAU-2 ROOF/OUTDOOR N/A 410A 48.00 48.0 381,482 25 1,920 YES VHP-0201 ROOM 209 7,100 410A 55.80 55.4 6,300 25 2,216 YES VHP-0301 ROOM 309 7,200 410A 101.60 102 5,950 25 4,064 YES VHP-0401 ROOM 409 7,200 410A 101.60 102 5,950 25 4,064 YES VHP-0501 ROOM 509 7,200 410A 101.60 102 5,950 25 4,064 YES VHP-0601 ROOM 609 7,200 410A 101.60 102 5,950 25 4,064 YES VHP-0701 ROOM 709 7,200 410A 101.60 102 5,950 25 4,064 YES VHP-0801 ROOM 810 5,365 410A 101.60 102 5,365 25 4,064 YES VHP-0901 ROOM 901 7,855 410A 55.80 55.4 5,950 25 2,216 YES VHP-1001 ROOM 1002 9,560 410A 55.80 55.4 5,950 25 2,216 YES VHP-1201 MECHANICAL ROOM 120X 3,440 410A 55.80 55.4 3,440 25 2,216 YES HP-2-1 ROOM 209 2,143 410A 3.50 3.5 2,143 25 140 YES HP-3-1 ROOM 309 2,016 410A 3.50 3.5 2,016 25 140 YES HP-4-1 ROOM 409 1,978 410A 3.50 3.5 1,978 25 140 YES HP-5-1 ROOM 509 2,007 410A 3.50 3.5 2,007 25 140 YES HP-6-1 ROOM 609 1,996 410A 3.50 3.5 1,996 25 140 YES HP-7-1 ROOM 709 1,978 410A 3.50 3.5 1,978 25 140 YES HP-8-1 ROOM 810 2,119 410A 3.50 3.5 2,119 25 140 YES HP-9-1 ROOM 901 2,066 410A 3.50 3.5 2,066 25 140 YES HP-10-1 ROOM 1002 2,165 410A 3.50 3.5 2,165 25 140 YES NOTES: 1. VOLUME OF SPACE CONTAINING COMPRESSOR PER VCC AND VMC 1104.4 2. VOLUME OF THE SMALLEST SPACE SERVED PER VCC AND VMC 1104.4

TYPICAL VRF OFFICE LAYOUT

23.6%

Water Saving Measures Use Low Flow Fixtures Toilets Pint Urinals Faucet sinks Future showers 1.6 GPF; Consider Dual Flush 0.125 GPF 0.5 GPF 0.5 GPF Hot water Use heat recovery from condenser and refrigerant loop for domestic hot water. Make up water Reclaim condensate and rain water for cooling tower make up water. This will satisfy: 60% of the HVAC water

Summary of a Successful Project Approach For Sustainable Historic Rehabilitation Projects Take advantage of the inherent nature of the project: Rehabilitating an existing structure is fundamentally green. Building Opportunities Urban Opportunities Take advantage of new technologies where appropriate Eco-friendly material selection (local & renewable) Cost does not have to be an issue Be flexible and open minded in approach Secretary s Standards for Rehabilitation vs. Sustainable Strategies and Guidelines Remember: An integrated design approach leads to an efficient and sensible solution

Commonwealth Architects & Integral Group Thank You!