RuminOmics Regional workshop Improving efficiency of production and reducing environmental impact Baltic cattle breeding industry PhD. Arunas Svitojus Baltic Foundation 2015
General figures of the Baltic States ESTONIA Total surface in km 2 45'226 Agricultural area in ha 1'000'000 Cropland in % of AA 40 Population 1'332'900 Dairy cattle / cows 100'000 Beef cattle / cows 14'000 Beef breeders 290 LATVIA Total surface in km 2 64'589 Agricultural area in ha 2'520'000 Cropland in % of AA 67 Population 2'290'300 Dairy cattle 154'000 Beef cattle 23'000 Beef breeders 600 LITHUANIA Total surface in km 2 65'301 Agricultural area in ha 3'150'000 Cropland in % of AA 90 Population 3'354'700 Dairy cattle 426'000 Beef cattle 70'000 Beef breeders 16'000
Dairy Cows Population Dairy cows population in Baltic countries has decreased since 1990 by 40-50 % and additionally since 2000 by: Lithuania 19 % Latvia 10 % Estonia 20 % Cows population will continue decreasing in the future. Cows thousands 900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Lithuania Latvia Estonia 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year
900 Cattle population 2006-2014 in Baltic counties (thousands) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Estonia Latvia Lithuania
900 Cattle and cows number (thousands) 2004-2015 in Lithuania 800 700 600 500 400 Cattle Cows 300 200 100 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Different Dairy Cow Breeds Estonian native 0,6% Estonian Holstein 74,7% Other breeds 0,2% Estonian Red 24,5% Holstein 32,7% Latvian native 0,4% Other breeds 3,4% Latvian Braun 63,6% Holstein 2,3% Lithuanian Red 21,4% Lithuanian native 0,4% Other breeds 2,8% Lithuanian Black and Whites 74%
Milk Recording Dairy Breeds in Baltic Countries In milk recording participated of all dairy cow: Lithuania - 47%, Latvia - 69 Estonia - 90 %. The average cows number in milk recording herds: Lithuania 17. Latvia 13, Estonia 75.
Dairy Breeds Productivity Dairy breeds productivity increased since 2000: Lithuania 18 % Latvia 14 % Estonia 29 % 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Milk in kg 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year Lithuania Latvia Estonia
1.600 Total milk production 2005-2014, in Baltic countries (thousands tonnes) 1.400 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Estonia Latvia Lithuania
Fat Content in Milk Fat content in milk has increased since 2000: Lithuania 23 % Latvia 19 % Estonia 28 % Fat content in kg 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 Lithuania Latvia Estonia 100 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year
Protein Content in Milk Protein content in milk also has increased since 2000: Lithuania 26,39 % (3,36 %) Latvia 21,08 % (3,37 %) Estonia 40,29 % (3,36 %) Protein in kg 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 Estonia Lithuania Latvia 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year
Milk Production in 2000-2007 (kg per person) Milk production per person has been increasing since 2000 in all three countries: Lithuania 14 % Latvia 6 % Estonia 11 % Milk in kg 700 600 500 400 300 200 Lithuania 100 0 Latvia Estonia 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year
Distribution of cows in local municipalities Total 314 346 cows
Number of Dairy Farms From 2001 until 2007 the number of dairy farms greatly decrease by: Lithuania 36% Latvia 45% Estonia 35% Farm number 250000 200000 150000 100000 Lithuania Latvia Estonia The average number of dairy cattle per farm is: Lithuania 4 Latvia 5 Estonia 16 50000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year
Number of cows in the farms in Lithuania % 1-2 cows 34,02 15,52 12,03 3-5 cows 6-10 cows 11-20 cows 10,49 21-50 cows 17,04 10,9 51 and more Total 314 346 cows
Average Milk Prices ( per 100 kg) Prices per 100 kg in 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Lithuania Latvia Estonia EU 25 Year Months
2000 Average purchase price of cattle carcasses 2004 2014, EUR/t in Lithuania 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 išankst. d.
Specialized animal farm Input, output and surplus of Nitrogen kg/ha 200 N Fooder Fertilizers 50 N 150 N 19
Specialized crop farm Input, output and surplus of Nitrogen kg/ha 150 N 100 N 50 N 20
Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) 57 N 22 N 36 N 21
Conclusions Baltic dairy sector will continue to be export driven. Although the number of dairy cows and farms is declining in all three Baltic countries, the milk production continuous to grow. Balance between animal and crop production need to coordinate (partly by ERA farms) Recycling (nutrients and biomass) trough balance between crop production and animal production Diverse crop rotation with balance between consuming crops and soil organic building nitrogen fixation clover grassland
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