IP Addressing. and Subnetting. Workbook. Version 1.1

IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbook Version.

IP Address Classes Class A 27 (Network 27 is reserved for loopback and internal testing) Leading bit pattern... Network. Host. Host. Host Class B 28 9 Leading bit pattern... Network. Network. Host. Host Class C 92 223 Leading bit pattern... Network. Network. Network. Host Class D 224 239 (Reserved for multicast) Class E 24 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research) Class A... to.255.255.255 Class B 72.6.. to 72.3.255.255 Class C 92.68.. to 92.68.255.255 Private Address Space Class A 255... Class B 255.255.. Class C 255.255.255. Default Subnet Masks Produced by: Robb Jones jonesr@careertech.net Frederick County Career & Technology Center Cisco Networking Academy Frederick County Public Schools Frederick, Maryland, USA Inside Cover Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch for taking the time to check this workbook for errors.

Binary To Decimal Conversion 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 Answers Scratch Area 46 9 28 6 2 46 64 32 6 4 2 9

Decimal To Binary Conversion Use all 8 bits for each problem 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 = 255 Scratch Area 238 238 34-28 -32 34 2-64 -2 23 46-32 5 4-8 255 6-4 2 2-2 38 3 25 7 224 4 92 72 9 57 98 79 2 2

Address Class Identification Address Class.25.. A 5..5. B 92.4.2. 48.7.9. 93.42.. 26.8.56. 22.2.23. 23.23.45.58 77..8.4 9.8.45. 249.24.8.78 99.55.77.56 7.89.56.45 25.45.45. 99.2.5. 95..2.9 33... 58.98.8. 29.2.56. 3

Network & Host Identification Circle the network portion of these addresses: 77..8.4 9.8.45. 29.24.8.78 99.55.77.56 7.89.56.45 25.45.45. 92.2.5. 95..2.9 33... 58.98.8. 27.2.56..25.. 5..5. 92.4.2. 48.7.9. 93.42.. 26.8.56. 22.2.23. Circle the host portion of these addresses:.5.23.5 7.2.99.3 98.25.87.77 223.25.2.222 7.45.222.45 26.2.54.23 9.4.35.2 55.25.69.227 92.5.55.2 23.2.45.254 48.7.9.55.25.. 95..2.98 25.25.35.46 7.2.77.77 55.25.5.5 28.55.23.4.25.. 4

Default Subnet Masks Write the correct default subnet mask for each of the following addresses: 77..8.4 255. 255.. 9.8.45. 255... 9.249.234.9 223.23.223.9..25. 26.23.23. 223.69.23.25 92.2.35.5 77.25.2.5 89.2.5. 88.45.65.35 28.22.25.254 93..77.83 25.25.25....5 22.9.3.45 34.25.34.9 95.25.9.99 5

ANDING With s Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. By now you should be able to look at an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately your computer doesn t think that way. For your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address it must AND the IP address with the subnet mask. Default Subnet Masks: Class A 255... Class B 255.255.. Class C 255.255.255. ANDING Equations: AND = AND = AND = AND = Sample: What you see... IP Address: 92... 33 What you can figure out in your head... Address Class: C Network Portion: 92... 33 Host Portion: 92... 33 In order for you computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address with the subnet mask in binary. Network Host IP Address: Default Subnet Mask: AND:......... (92... 33) (255. 255. 255. ) (92... ) ANDING with the default subnet mask allows your computer to figure out the network portion of the address. 6

ANDING With s When you take a single network such as 92... and divide it into five smaller networks (92...6, 92...32, 92...48, 92...64, 92...8) the outside world still sees the network as 92..., but the internal computers and routers see five smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. This can only be accomplished by using a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the address to create a subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP address. In this example each range has 4 usable addresses in it. The computer must still AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what the network portion is and which subnetwork it belongs to. IP Address: 92... Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.24 Address Ranges: 92... to 92...5 (Invalid Range) 92...6 to 92...3 (st Usable Range) 92...32 to 92...47 (Range in the sample below) 92...48 to 92...63 92...64 to 92...79 92...8 to 92...95 92...96 to 92... 92...2 to 92...27 92...28 to 92...43 92...44 to 92...59 92...6 to 92...75 92...76 to 92...9 92...92 to 92...27 92...28 to 92...223 92...224 to 92...239 92...24 to 92...255 (Invalid Range) IP Address: Custom Subnet Mask: AND: Network......... Four bits borrowed from the host portion of the address for the custom subnet mask. Sub Network Host The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits shows which range of IP addresses this particular address will fall into. (92... 33) (255. 255. 255. 24) (92... 32) In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine the correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses. 7

Problem Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 4 4 92... C 255. 255. 255. 255. 255. 255. 24 6 4 6 4 4 Show your work for Problem in the space below. Number of Number of 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Hosts Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Binary values 92... Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask. 28 64 32 +6 24 6-2 4 Observe the total number of hosts. Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts. 8 Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets. 6-2 4

Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 6 65... B 255. 255.. 255. 255. 255. 92,24,22 64 62 65,536 Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below. 32,768 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 Number of Hosts -. 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256. Binary values - 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 65... Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 + 255 28 +64 92 24-2,22 52 64-2 62 24 248 Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets. 4,96 8,92 Observe the total number of hosts. Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts. 6,384 32,768 65,536 9

Custom Subnet Masks Problem 3 48.75.. /26 B /26 indicates the total number of bits used for the network and subnetwork portion of the address. All bits remaining belong to the host portion of the address. 255. 255.. 255. 255. 255. 92,24,22 64 62 Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below. 32,768 65,536 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 Number of Hosts -. 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256. Binary values - 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 48. 75.. Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 + 255 28 +64 92 24-2,22 52 64-2 62 24 248 Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets. 4,96 8,92 Observe the total number of hosts. Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts. 6,384 32,768 65,536

Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 6 3 2..56. Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below. Number of Number of 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Hosts Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Binary values 2.. 56.

Problem 5 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 6 3 95.85.8. Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below. Number of Number of 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Hosts Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Binary values 95. 85. 8. 2

Problem 6 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 26 3,7 8... Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below. 262,44 524,288,48,576 2,97,52 4,94,34 3,72 65,536 6,384 32,768 4,96 8,92,24 2,48 Number of Hosts - 52. 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256. 52,24 2,48 Binary values -28 64 32 6 8 4 2. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 8... 4,96 8,92 6,384 32,768 65,536. 3,72 262,44 524,288,48,576 2,97,52 4,94,34 3

Problem 7 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 2 5 78... Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below. 65,536 32,768 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 Number of Hosts -. 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256. Binary values - 28 64 32 6 8 4 2. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 78... 52 24 248 4,96 8,92 6,384 32,768 65,536 4

Problem 8 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 45 2.75.4. Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below. 5

Problem 9 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 6, 28.77.. Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below. 6

Problem Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 6 98... Show your work for Problem in the space below. 7

Problem Number of needed usable subnets Custom Subnet Masks 25... Show your work for Problem in the space below. 8

Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets Custom Subnet Masks 5 28.35.5. Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below. 9

Problem 3 Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 25 28.35.5. Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below. 2

Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets Custom Subnet Masks 72.59.. Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below. 2

Problem 5 Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 5 72.59.. Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below. 22

Problem 6 Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 29 23... Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below. 23

Problem Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 4 4 92... C 255. 255. 255. 255. 255. 255. 24 6 4 6 4 4 What is the 3rd usable subnet range? 92...48 to 92...63 What is the subnet number for the 7th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2th usable subnet? 92... 2 92... 27 What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? 92...29 to 92...42 24

Show your work for Problem in the space below. Number of Number of 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Hosts Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Binary values 92... (Invalid range) (Invalid range) 92... to 92...5 92...6 to 92...3 92...32 to 92...47 92...48 to 92...63 92...64 to 92...79 92...8 to 92...95 92...96 to 92... 92...2 to 92...27 92...28 to 92...43 92...44 to 92...59 92...6 to 92...75 92...76 to 92...9 92...92 to 92...27 92...28 to 92...223 92...224 to 92...239 92...24 to 92...255 Custom subnet mask 28 64 32 +6 24 Usable subnets 6-2 4 Usable hosts 6-2 4 The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this problem the range is 6. The first and last range of addresses are not usable. The first usable range of addresses is: 92...6 to 92...3. The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number. The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast address. 25

Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 6 65... B 255. 255.. 255. 255. 255. 92,24,22 64 62 What is the 4th usable subnet range? 65..3.28 to 65..3.9 What is the subnet number for the 5th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 5th usable subnet? 65... 64 65... 27 What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? 65..2. to 65...62 26

. 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 52,24 2,48 4,96 8,92 6,384 32,768 65,536 Number of Hosts - 65,536 32,768 6,384 Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below. 8,92 4,96 248 24 52 Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256. 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 28 64 32 6 8 4 2. Binary values - 65... 65... to 65...63 65...64 to 65...27 65...28 to 65...9 65...92 to 65...255 (Invalid range). 64-2 62 Usable hosts 65... to 65...63 65...64 to 65...27 65...28 to 65...9 65...92 to 65...255.... 24-2,22 65..2. to 65...63 65..2.64 to 65...27 65..2.28 to 65...9 65..2.92 to 65...255 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 + 255 Usable subnets.... 28 +64 92 Custom subnet mask 65..3. to 65..3.63 65..3.64 to 65..3.27 65..3.28 to 65..3.9 65..3.92 to 65..3.255.... The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this problem the range is 64. The first and last range of addresses are not usable. The first usable range of addresses is: 65...64 to 65...27 Down to The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number. 65..255.28 to 65..255.9 65..255.92 to 65..255.255 (Invalid range) The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast address. 27

Problem 3 Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting 95.223.5. What is the 2nd usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the st usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the st usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? 28

Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below. Number of Number of 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Hosts Subnets - 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 2 - Binary values 95. 223. 5. 29

Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting 75 9.35.. What is the 4th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 2th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 9th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? 3

Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below. 3

Problem 5 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 6 26... What is the st usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 6th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 9th usable subnet? 32

Problem 6 Subnetting Number of needed usable subnets 92.7.. What is the 8th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 3rd usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 9th usable subnet? 34

Subnetting Problem 7... /6 What is the th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 5th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the st usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? 36

Problem 8 Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting 4 72.5.. What is the 3rd usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 5th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? 38

Problem 9 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 28 72.5.. What is the st usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 9th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 3rd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? 4

Problem Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting 45 22... What is the 4th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 3rd usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the th usable subnet? 42

Show your work for Problem in the space below. 43

Problem Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 8, 35.7.. What is the 5th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 6th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2nd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 4th usable subnet? 44

Show your work for Problem in the space below. 45

Problem 2 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 45 98.25.5. What is the st usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the st usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2nd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? 46

Subnetting Problem 3 65.2.. /26 What is the 9th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 22nd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2st usable subnet? 48

Problem 4 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 6 2... What is the 6th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 3rd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? 5

Subnetting Problem 5 93... \9 What is the 4th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 8th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 6th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the th usable subnet? 52

Valid and Non-Valid IP Addresses Using the material in this workbook identify which of the addresses below are correct and usable. If they are not usable addresses explain why. IP Address:.23.9.92 Subnet Mask: 255... IP Address: 92... Subnet Mask: 255.255.255. IP Address: 245.5.9. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255. IP Address: 35.7.9.255 Subnet Mask: 255.255.254. IP Address: 27... Subnet Mask: 255... IP Address: 93..28. Subnet Mask: 255.255.224. IP Address: 2...28 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 IP Address: 65..255.89 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.92 IP Address: 9.35.. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.92 IP Address: 28.35.5.95 Subnet Mask: 255.255.. IP Address: 2...75 /22 IP Address: 35.7.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.255.224. 54 The network ID cannot be. OK

# of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 2 22 # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 Subnet Mask 255.92.. 255.224.. 255.24.. 255.248.. 255.252.. 255.254.. 255.255.. 255.255.28. 255.255.92. 255.255.224. 255.255.24. 255.255.248. 255.255.252. 255.255.254. 255.255.255. 255.255.255.28 255.255.255.92 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.24 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 Subnet Mask 255.255.92. 255.255.224. 255.255.24. 255.255.248. 255.255.252. 255.255.254. 255.255.255. 255.255.255.28 255.255.255.92 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.24 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.92 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.24 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 Class A Addressing Guide Total # of Usable # of Subnets Subnets 4 2 8 6 6 4 32 3 64 62 28 26 256 254 52 5,24,22 2,48 2,46 4,96 4,94 8,92 8,9 6,384 6,382 32,768 32,766 65,536 65,534 3,72 3,7 262,44 262,42 524,288 524,286,48,576,48,574 2,97,52 2,97,5 4,94,34 4,94,32 Class B Addressing Guide Total # of Usable # of Subnets Subnets 4 2 8 6 6 4 32 3 64 62 28 26 256 254 52 5,24,22 2,48 2,46 4,96 4,94 8,92 8,9 6,384 6,382 Class C Addressing Guide Total # of Usable # of Subnets Subnets 4 2 8 6 6 4 32 3 64 62 Total # of Hosts 4,94,34 2,97,52,48,576 524,288 262,44 3,72 65,536 32,768 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 Total # of Hosts 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 256 28 64 32 6 8 4 Total # of Hosts 64 32 6 8 4 Usable # of Hosts 4,94,32 2,97,5,48,574 524,286 262,42 3,7 65,534 32,766 6,382 8,9 4,94 2,46,22 5 254 26 62 3 4 6 2 Usable # of Hosts 6,382 8,9 4,94 2,46,22 5 254 26 62 3 4 6 2 Usable # of Hosts 62 3 4 6 2 Inside Cover