Take control of your health: Improve your cholesterol level Health Education and Promotion Program MP-HEP-PPT-700-01-020514-E 2015, MMM Healthcare, LLC - PMC Medicare Choice, LLC Reproduction of this material is prohibited. M&P-PRD-TEM-030-032511-S
Define what is cholesterol Objectives Name the two types of cholesterol Mention at least three recommendations to reduce cholesterol levels in the blood
Pre test 1. Normal total cholesterol levels should be: a. More than 200 mg / dl b. Less than 200 mg / dl 2. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is known as: a. good b. bad
Pretest 3. Normal levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) should be: a. Less than 100 mg / dl b. Over 100 mg / dl 4. A change in our lifestyle that reduces cholesterol levels is: a. Stop eating red meat b. Exercise and reduce portions
Did you know? According to the Puerto Rican Society of Cardiology, one of the major health problems that Puerto Ricans face are cardiovascular diseases. Conditions such as heart attacks, strokes and peripheral vascular diseases are conditions that produce more mortality and disability in Puerto Rico.
Did you know? Heart disease is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico. Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) is a risk factor that causes heart disease.
Statistic Data According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2011, 43.5% of the population over 54 years have high cholesterol levels. These figures are worrying because we know that the risk of heart attack and stroke increases as is increasing the level of cholesterol in the blood. CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
What is cholesterol? Cholesterol is a fat that is normally found in our body comes from two main sources: foods that usually account for 20% of total cholesterol and liver that is responsible for 80% of blood cholesterol. When there is too much cholesterol in the body, it tends to deposit in the arteries. This is a health risk being one of the causes of heart attacks and strokes.
What is cholesterol and where does it come from? The fat we eat is absorbed in the intestines and then goes to the liver. From the liver, the grease must be spread to the rest of the body to be used and stored in fat cells.
Cholesterol The level of cholesterol can be measured with a simple blood test. The total blood cholesterol is the sum of the low density lipoprotein (LDL, bad), high density lipoprotein (HDL, good) and triglycerides. HDL + LDL + = Total cholesterol Triglycerides
Types of cholesterol LDL Cholesterol (bad) Having a high level of LDL in the blood increases the probability of accumulating fat in the arteries that block blood flow; thus increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Types of cholesterol What is HDL or good cholesterol? HDL is a lipoprotein which helps remove fat deposits in the arteries Good cholesterol: It helps remove cholesterol deposits that form inside blood vessels so they cannot be blocked High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with lower risk of heart attack and stroke
Triglycerides They are another type of fat mostly of animal origin. They are the main source of energy in the body. When triglycerides are high, the risk of having a heart attack or stroke.
Know your levels Less than <200 Total Cholesterol What it means? Desired From 200 to 239 Limited risk 240 or more High risk American Heart Association, 2012.
Know your levels LDL Cholesterol (Bad) Less than <100 Desired What it means? 100-129 Good 130-159 Limited risk 160-189 High 190> or more High Risk American Heart Association, 2012.
Know your levels HDL Cholesterol (good) What it means? 60> or more Desired 35-60 Limited risk Less than <35 High risk American Heart Association, 2012.
Know your levels Triglycerides Less than <150 Desired What it means? 150-199 Limited Risk 200-499 High Risk 500 or more Very High American Heart Association, 2012.
Why is it important to control? Cholesterol? High levels of cholesterol in the blood are linked to certain lifestyles, such as eating too many foods high in fat and cholesterol. Some people, however, suffer from diseases that can increase cholesterol levels.
Why is it important to control? Cholesterol? Conditions that increase cholesterol levels: Diabetes Obesity Genetic Diseases Thyroid disease Stress can also increase your cholesterol levels.
Why is it important to control? Cholesterol? There are risk factors for heart disease Smoking High blood pressure Obesity Diabetes Family history
Risk Factors Age: As we age, cholesterol levels tend to rise Family History: Genes play a role in the amount of cholesterol produced by the body (High cholesterol can be an inherited issue) Obesity
Common cholesterol myths Does not hurt me at all, I feel good, and cholesterol is not a problem for me. It is important to take an active role in personal health. Talk to your doctor about how often you should perform a blood test. Consult your doctor about a healthy diet and before starting an exercise program.
Common cholesterol myths I eat well and I exercise, I'm doing enough to reduce my cholesterol While diet and exercise help reduce cholesterol, in many cases they are not sufficient. For some people, changing your diet is not enough and needs, while continuing feeding healthy, to take medication to lower cholesterol.
Common cholesterol myths My bad cholesterol is at the level that my doctor and I want. Therefore, I can stop taking the medication. Actually, it is not like that. High cholesterol is usually a chronic disease. Drugs that lower cholesterol, coupled with a healthy diet and exercise help control high cholesterol. Therefore it is important to keep taking the medicine as your doctor told you.
What I can do to control my cholesterol?
Exercise Perform 30 minutes of exercise, five days a week Use clothing and comfortable shoes Remember to always have water at your reach Work out early in the morning or afternoon. Avoid exercising from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Join one of our groups Patitas Calientes NOTE: Check with your doctor before undertaking any exercise routine.
Diet Foods that increase cholesterol levels in the blood are those having a high content of cholesterol and fats They can be: - Saturated fats - Trans fats
Saturated Fats Saturated fats are strongly associated with high cholesterol Dairy products Butter Red meat
Trans fat Trans fats can increase total cholesterol levels together with LDL levels and decrease the HDL levels. Trans fats are unsaturated fatty acids that are formed when vegetable oils are processed and become solid or more stable fluid (a process called hydrogenation).
Trans fat Examples of foods high content of trans fats are: Cookies or crackers and other baked products made with vegetable oil French fries, donuts and other fried foods
Nutritional Advice Removes the skin from meat and consume lean meat Consume fish, such as salmon Choose nonfat dairy products, like milk and yogurt Avoid processed meats and sausages (sausages, mortadella, salami) Sparingly used cooking oils
Nutritional Advice Eat at least 3 fruits a day: apples, Chinese pears, mandarin, pineapple and guava Increase consumption of vegetables Use canola, corn and olive oil instead of butter Avoid consumption of biscuits, cakes and sausages Avoid foods fast foods
Control the risk factors Things you can do: Physical activity - Physical activity can help you lose weight, keep your cholesterol levels down and keep your blood pressure under control. Make walks at least 5 days a week for 30 minutes. Always follow your doctor`s advice.
Stay Active Make household chores like cleaning the garden, sweeping and mopping; among others Practice some dancing to the music of your choice Make a sport Walking, swimming, water aerobics Play with your grandchildren Go up and down the stairs
Comply with your medical treatment There are several types of medications that help reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. Your doctor will decide which treatment is best for you. Comply with your preventive tests and medical appointments.
Medication Comply with the recommended treatment on your terms. Take your medications as ordered. Visit your primary doctor regularly and comply with your medical appointments that allows you to check on your health, detect any health conditions early and prevent longterm complications.
Preventive Measures Check your cholesterol levels regularly Consume less foods high in saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol Eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grains Perform physical activity (walking or swimming)
Preventive Measures Maintain a healthy, lower your weight if necessary Visit your doctor regularly Take your medicines
Remember that Changes in lifestyle can help achieve recommended cholesterol levels (increased physical activity, healthy diet and weight loss). It is important to follow the directions of your doctor.
Remember that Cholesterol comes from two sources: your body, which is produced by the liver and other body cells; and the foods you eat. The level of cholesterol can be reduced with medication. The usual first step of treatment is to use drugs that prevent the production of cholesterol in the liver.
Remember that Maybe your doctor will advise combination therapy acting on both sources of cholesterol. This will help to have a long, productive and healthy life.
Pos test 1. Normal total cholesterol levels should be: a. More than 200 mg / dl b. Less than 200 mg / dl 2. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is known as: a. good b. bad
Pos test 3. Normal levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) should be: a. Less than 100 mg / dl b. Over 100 mg / dl 4. A change in our lifestyle that reduces cholesterol levels is: a. Stop eating red meat b. Exercise and reduce portions
Answers 1. Normal total cholesterol levels should be: a. More than 200 mg / dl b. Less than 200 mg / dl 2. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is known as: a. good b. bad
Answers 3. Normal levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) should be: a. Less than 100 mg / dl b. Over 100 mg / dl 4. A change in our lifestyle that reduces cholesterol levels is: a. Stop eating red meat b. Exercise and reduce portions
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References American Hearth Association. What your cholesterol level means, 2013. Obtained on January, 2014 from: http://www.heart.org/heartorg/conditions/cholesterol/aboutcholesterol/what-your- Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_305562_Article.jsp Family Doctor. Colesterol alto: Descripción General, 2010. Obtained on March, 2013 from: www.familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/common/heartdisease/risk/029.html Institutos Nacionales de Salud. Controlando el colesterol, 2010. Obtained on March, 2013 from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/managingcholesterolspanish/hp08 91s7.pdf