Math 1070 Exam 2B 22 March, 2013 This exam will last 50 minutes and consists of 13 multiple choice and 6 free response problems. Write your answers in the space provided. All solutions must be sufficiently justified to receive credit. You may use a scientific or graphing calculator, and one 4 6 notecard. You may not use any other notes or texts. Good luck! Name: Section: Page Points Score 2 13 3 15 4 12 5 10 6 20 7 10 8 10 9 10 Total: 100
Multiple Choice: Choose the answer choice that is either most accurate or best answers the question. Write your answer on the answer sheet provided. 1. (4 points) Consider a class survey of 269 individuals in which students claimed to study an average of 355 minutes on a typical weeknight. The population standard deviation is found to be 65 minutes. Regard these students as an SRS from the population of all firstyear students at this university. Does the study give good evidence that students claim to study more than six hours per night on the average? State the null and alternative hypothesis. A. H 0 : µ = 360 min. vs. H A : µ > 360min. B. H 0 : µ = 360 min. vs. H A : µ < 360min. C. H 0 : µ = 360 min. vs. H A : µ 360min. D. H 0 : µ = 355 min. vs. H A : µ > 360min. 2. (3 points) The Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation asked whether a community-wide advertising campaign would reduce smoking. The researchers located 11 pairs of communities, each pair participated in the advertising campaign and the other did not. This is A. an observational study. B. a matched pairs experiment. C. a Control group experiment. D. a completely randomized experiment. 3. (3 points) When rolling a fair die, each digit {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} is equally likely to occur. What is the probability that you roll the die and get a six? A. 5 36 B. 1 36 C. 1 6 D. 1 2 4. (3 points) Cookie Monster prefers to choose the letter of the day randomly. He calculates that the probability of choosing a vowel is 5. This means that 26 A. If he chooses 26 letters of the day, exactly 5 of them will be vowels. B. If he chooses 26,000 letters of the day, exactly 5,000 of them will be vowels. C. If he chooses thousands of letters of the day, the fraction of them that are vowels will be very close to 5 26. Page 2
5. (3 points) You want to choose a SRS of 5 of the 7200 salaried employees of a corporation. You label the employees 0001 to 7200 in alphabetical order. Using line 111 of table B, your sample contains the employees labeled A. 6694, 0513, 0929, 7004, 1271. B. 6694, 5130, 0041, 2712, 3827. C. 8148, 6694, 8760, 5130, 9297. 6. (3 points) The most important condition for sound conclusions from statistical inference is usually A. that the population distribution is exactly normal. B. that the data contain no outliers. C. that the data can be thought of as a random sample from the population of interest. 7. (3 points) A committee on community relations in a small town plans to survey local businesses about the importance of muppets as customers. From telephone book listings, the committee chooses 150 businesses at random. Of these, 73 return the questionnaire mailed by the committee. The population for this study is A. the 150 businesses chosen. B. the 73 businesses that returned the questionnaire. C. all businesses in the college town. 8. (3 points) A random variable can take any value between 0 and 2 (i.e. any value in the interval [0, 2]). What type of random variable is this? A. Continuous B. Discrete C. Hamiltonian 9. (3 points) A sample of households in a community is selected at random from the telephone directory: In this community, 4% of households have no telephone, 10% have only cell phones, and another 25% have unlisted telephone numbers. The sample will certainly suffer from A. undercoverage B. nonresponse C. false response Page 3
10. (3 points) Zoe calculates a 95% confidence interval for µ as 54.2 ± 3. If she is testing the hypotheses H 0 : µ = 52 vs. H a = µ 52, should she reject the null hypothesis at α =.05 significance level? A. No B. Yes C. Not enough information 11. (3 points) A study of voting chose 663 registered voters at random shortly after an election. Of these, 72% said they had voted in the election. Election records show that only 56% of registered voters voted in the election. 72% is a A. sampling distribution B. parameter C. statistic 12. (3 points) The Nurses Health Study has interviewed a sample of more than 100,000 female registered nurses every two years since 1976, from the population of all registered nurses. The study finds that light-to-moderate drinkers has a significantly lower risk of death than either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. The Nurses Health Study is A. an observational study. B. an experiment. C. a Control group. D. Can t tell without more information. 13. (3 points) Can changing diet reduce high blood pressure? Vegetarian diets and low-salt diets are both promising. Men with high blood pressure are assigned at random to four diets: (1) normal diet with unrestricted salt; (2) vegetarian with unrestricted salt; (3) normal with restricted salt; and (4) vegetarian with restricted salt. This experiment has A. one factor, the choice of diet. B. four factors, the four diets being compared. C. two factors, normal/vegetarian diet and unrestricted/restricted salt. Page 4
Probability 14. (10 points) The Count is rolling two fair, six-sided dice. (a) Is this a discrete or continuous distribution? Discrete (b) What is the probability of rolling the two dice and having the sum be 2, 4, or 7? P (2) + P (4) + P (7) = 1 + 3 + 6 36 = 10 36 (c) What is the probability of rolling the dice and not having the sum be 2 or 4? 1 (P (2) P (4)) = 1 ( 1 36 + 3 ) = 1 4 36 36 = 32 36 Page 5
Sampling Distributions 15. (10 points) A sample of size 100 is taken from a population which is known to have a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard deviation 7. (a) What is the distribution of the sample mean, X? N(100, 7 100 ) (b) Compute the probability that X 110. ( ) X P ( X 100 110 100 110) = P 7/10 7/10 ( = P N(0, 1) 10 ) 0.7 = 1 P (N(0, 1) 14.286) 1 1 = 0 16. (10 points) A sample of size 16 is taken from a population which is Normally distributed with mean µ and standard deviation 5. The researchers studying the population find that X = 15. (a) Compute a 95% confidence interval for µ using the statistic X. x ± Z σ n = 15 ± 1.960 = 15 ± 2.45 = [12.55, 17.45] ( ) 5 4 (b) Interpret your confidence interval from part a. We are 95 % confident that the true population mean µ will fall in the above confidence interval. Page 6
Hypothesis Testing 17. (10 points) A sample of size 101 is taken from a population which is known to have a normal distribution with mean µ and standard deviation σ, where µ is unknown and σ=4. The sample mean is computed and is equal to 15. We wish to test H 0 : µ = 14.5 vs. H A : µ > 14.5 Compute the p-value for this test and then determine if you can reject the null hypothesis at the significance level 0.15 15 14.5 Z = 4/ 101 = 1.256 P (N(0, 1) > 1.256) = 1 P (N(0, 1) < 1.256) = 1 0.8953 = 0.1047 Thus, we have sufficient statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis at significance level α = 0.15. Page 7
18. (10 points) Statisticians prefer large samples. Describe briefly the effect of increasing the size of a sample (or the number of subjects in an experiment) on each of the following: a) (5 points) The margin of error of a 95% confidence interval. The margin of error will decrease. b) (5 points) The P-value of a test, when H 0 is false and all facts about the population remain unchanged as n increases. The p-value decreases (the evidence against H 0 becomes stronger). Page 8
19. (10 points) A sample of size 144 is taken from a population which is known to have a normal distribution with mean µ and standard deviation 3, where µ is unknown. X is computed from the sample and is equal to 15. We wish to test H 0 : µ = 14.5 vs. H A : µ < 14.5 Compute the p-value for this test and then decide if you can reject the null hypothesis at significance level 0.05. Z = 15 14.5 ; P (N(0, 1) < 2) = 0.9772 3/12 The p-value is much larger than our significance level. Thus, we fail to reject the null hypothesis at significance level α = 0.05. Page 9
Bonus Question 20. (10 points (bonus)) A sample of size 81 is taken from a population which is known to have a normal distribution with mean µ and standard deviation 7, where µ is unknown. Compute the probability of X µ being between -2 and 2. ( P ( 2 X 2 µ 2) = P 7/9 X µ σ/ n 2 ) 7/9 = 0.9949 0.0051 = 0.9898 Page 10