Prisoners of War
CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY Series Editor: Charles E. Orser, Jr., New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5734
Harold Mytum Editors Gilly Carr Prisoners of War Archaeology, Memory, and Heritage of 19th- and 20th-Century Mass Internment
Editors Harold Mytum Centre for Manx Studies Archaeology Classics and Egyptology School of Histories, Languages and Cultures University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK Gilly Carr Institute of Continuing Education Univesity of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ISSN 1574-0439 ISBN 978-1-4614-4165-6 ISBN 978-1-4614-4166-3 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4166-3 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012943944 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents Part I Introduction 1 Prisoner of War Archaeology... 3 Harold Mytum and Gilly Carr Part II Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Experiences 2 Artifacts of Internment: Archaeology and Interpretation at Two American Civil War Prisoner-of-War Sites... 23 John H. Jameson 3 Life and Death at the Florence Stockade, American Civil War, Prisoner of War Camp, South Carolina... 41 Paul G. Avery and Patrick H. Garrow 4 Johnson s Island US Civil War Military Prison... 59 David R. Bush 5 Norman Cross: Designing and Operating an Eighteenth-Century British Prisoner of War Camp... 75 Harold Mytum and Naomi Hall Part III Twentieth-Century Britain and Europe: Military Prisoners of War 6 Excavating the World War II Prisoner of War Camp at La Glacerie, Cherbourg, Normandy... 95 Robert Early 7 American, British, and French PoW Camps in Normandy, France (1944 1948). Which Role for Archaeology in the Memorial Process?... 117 Valentin Schneider v
vi Contents 8 Stalag Luft III: The Archaeology of an Escaper s Camp... 129 Peter Doyle, Jamie Pringle, and Lawrence E. Babits 9 Reinforced Concrete, Steel and Slaves: Archaeological Studies of Prisoners of World War II in Norway The Case of Romsdal Peninsula... 145 Marek E. Jasinski Part IV Twentieth-Century Britain and Europe: Civilian Prisoners of War 10 Materiality Matters: The Role of Things in Coping Strategies at Cunningham s Camp, Douglas During World War I... 169 Harold Mytum 11 My Home Was the Area Around My Bed : Experiencing and Negotiating Space in Civilian Internment Camps in Germany, 1942 1945... 189 Gilly Carr 12 A Tale of Two Towns: Heritage and Memory of Civilian Internment in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, 1942 2012... 205 Gisela Rothenhäusler and Reinhold Adler 13 Writing and Experiencing Internment: Rethinking Paul Jacobsthal s Internment Report in the Light of New Discoveries... 223 Katharina Ulmschneider and Sally Crawford Part V Twentieth-Century Japanese-American Civilian North America 14 Life in Manzanar Where There Is a Spring Breeze : Graffiti at a World War II Japanese American Internment Camp... 239 Jeffery F. Burton and Mary M. Farrell 15 Japanese-Style Ornamental Community Gardens at Manzanar Relocation Center... 271 Ronald J. Beckwith 16 An Archaeological and Ethnographic Examination of the Acquisition, Presence, and Consumption of Saké at Camp Amache, a World War II Japanese Internment Camp... 285 Michelle A. Slaughter
Contents vii 17 Perseverance and Prejudice: Maintaining Community in Amache, Colorado s World War II Japanese Internment Camp... 303 Dana Ogo Shew and April Elizabeth Kamp-Whittaker Part VI Postcript 18 Prisoner of War Archaeology in an Interdisciplinary Context... 321 Harold Mytum Index... 333
Contributors Reinhold Adler Local historian, retired Secondary School teacher, Ummendorf, Germany Paul G. Avery Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA Lawrence E. Babits East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Ronald J. Beckwith Saguaro National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Tucson, AZ, USA Jeffery F. Burton Cultural Resources Program Manager, Manzanar National Historic Site, Independence, CA, USA David R. Bush Center for Historic and Military Archaeology, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH, USA Gilly Carr Institute of Continuing Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Sally Crawford Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Peter Doyle Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK Robert Early Oxford Archaeology, Oxford, UK Mary M. Farrell Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai i West O ahu, Pearl City, HI, USA Patrick H. Garrow Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA Naomi Hall Wessex Archaeology, Salisbury, UK John H. Jameson NB Southeast Archeological Center, U.S. National Park Service, Waterford Glen Court, Tallahassee, FL, USA Marek E. Jasinski Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ix
x Contributors April Elizabeth Kamp-Whittaker Independent researcher, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA Harold Mytum Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, School of Histories, Languages and Cultures, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Jamie Pringle Engineering and Environmental Geoscience, School of Physical Sciences and Geography, Keele University, Keele, UK Gisela Rothenhäusler Local historian teaching at Salvatorkolleg, Bad Wurzach, Germany Valentin Schneider Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France Dana Ogo Shew Anthropological Studies Center, Sonoma State University, CA, USA Michelle A. Slaughter Avalon Archaeology, Denver, CO, USA Katharina Ulmschneider Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK