INTRODUCTION The existence of a consolidated industrial park, with large, medium and small size enterprises, combined with the availability of raw materials, basic supplies and infrastructure facilities, makes the Industrial Complex of Camaçari a place conducive to new investments. Allied to this, it is worth noting the strength of the State of Bahia as to the availability of mineral resources, such as oil, gas, chromium, vanadium, nickel, iron, magnesium, among other renewable resources, such as cultivated forests, and large areas available for the production of food, biofuels and alternative raw materials for petrochemistry. In Section II of this Guide, we present, by way of example, a number of opportunities for entrepreneurs interested in investing in the Pole or Complex, carefully identified based on the needs of consolidation and expansion of the existing productive chains, or even the feasibility of manufacturing new products to meet traditional or emerging markets. The opportunities are described in product data sheets, contemplating the following production segments: petrochemicals, inorganic products, fertilizers, metallurgy, pulp and paper, auto parts, among others. Each data sheet contains information on the products, market applications, markets and availability of raw materials. The objective is to facilitate the decision - making process of the entrepreneur who will certainly find in Bahia, specifically in the Industrial Pole of Camaçari or in its area of influence, the ideal conditions to invest and expand his business horizon and, thus, contribute to the integrated development of Bahia and our country. RUBBER SBR 1. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY The styrene butadiene rubber, SBR, is the most widespread synthetic rubber in the world. Its basic composition is formed by monomers butadiene (CH2 = CH-CH = CH2) and styrene (C6H5-CH = CH2), being the styrene content of about 23.5%. There are, however, SBR rubber with styrene content of 40 to 85%. As the content of styrene increases, the product of polymerization (SBR) takes on more of the characteristic of thermoplastic product. The advantages of SBR rubber in relation to natural rubber are: Better resistance to abrasion Better resistance to high temperatures (100 C) Better resistance to aging;
Less flexibility and elasticity at low temperatures (up to -50 C); Hardening at high temperatures; Lower permeability to gas. 2. MARKET APPLICATIONS Footwear; Backpack; Glues and adhesives; Wires and cables; Technical parts; Pneumatics. 3. MARKET There are three production units in Brazil, located in the states of Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul The volume of production and foreign trade has reached the following amounts: Productio Importation (2): Exportation (2): n t US$ 1000 fob t US$ 1000 fob 2004 261,193 40,354 46,321 79,582 80,169 2005 212,205 56,028 86,683 82,303 121,431 2006 207,629 57,469 90,618 68,706 104,163 2007 216,542 65,038 115,180 52,983 89,839 2008 n.d. 68,770 163,648 39,228 100,282 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2009). Consumption in Bahia is estimated at 60,000 tons a year, especially to meet three major tire industries. 4. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the raw materials needed to manufacture rubber SBR that are: Butadiene Styrene 5. USEFUL LINKS»ISP Elastomers (SBR): http://www.ispcorp.com/»bayer (Buna): http://www.bayer.com/»dynasol Elastomers - Repsol: http://www.dynasolelastomers.com/
»Polimeri Europe (Europrene): http://www.polimerieuropa.com/»korea Kumho Petrochemical Co: http://www.kkpc.com/»kaucuk (Kralex): http://www.kaucuk.cz/»nitriflex (Nitriflex): http://www.nitriflex.com.br/»petroflex (Petroflex): http://www.petroflex.com.br/»dwory (Ker): http://www.dwory.pl/» ICIS Plants & Projects: www.icis.com/ POLYBUTADIENE 6. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT/FAMILY The polybutadiene is a product resulting from the polymerization of butadiene. In the polymerization by emulsion of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene was used to control the molecular weight. 7. MARKET APPLICATIONS The major market applications are: Footwear; Backpack; Glues and adhesives; Wires and cables; Technical parts; Pneumatics. 8. MARKET In Brazil, a factory located in Pernambuco is the only producer with an installed capacity of 100,000 t / year. The volume of production and foreign trade has reached the following amounts: Production (1) Importation (2): Exportation (2): t US$ 1000 fob t US$ 1000 fob 2004 67,796.0 45.155,9 54,511.9 18,973.6 26,315.1 2005 74,421.0 41.193,4 68,577.1 30,575.6 53,735.8 2006 83,522.0 43.495,2 80,707.2 36,886.3 68,120.5 2007 78,882.0 53.300,3 103,214.6 24,663.1 57,426.4 2008 n.d. 46.822,8 121,822.4 21,243.9 63,957.5 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2009).
9. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari can have available the main raw material required for the manufacture of polybutadiene which is butadiene. 5. USEFUL LINKS»ISP Elastomers (SBR): http://www.ispcorp.com/»bayer (Buna): http://www.bayer.com/»dynasol Elastomers - Repsol: http://www.dynasolelastomers.com/»polimeri Europe (Europrene): http://www.polimerieuropa.com/»korea Kumho Petrochemical Co: http://www.kkpc.com/»kaucuk (Kralex): http://www.kaucuk.cz/»nitriflex (Nitriflex): http://www.nitriflex.com.br/»petroflex (Petroflex): http://www.petroflex.com.br/»dwory (Ker): http://www.dwory.pl/» ICIS Plants & Projects: www.icis.com/» BRASKEM: http://www.braskem.com.br 10. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY CUMENE Cumene is an aromatic compound, obtained through a combination of propylene and benzene, also known as 1-methylethylbenzene, 2-phenyl or isopropylbenzene. Cumene has as physical properties the data presented in the following table: Property Value Solidification temperature - C -96.03 Boiling temperature - C 152.39 Density at 20 C g/cm 3 0.8633 Thermal Conductivity - 25 C, W / m.k 0.124 Viscosity at 20 C - cp 0.790 Steam Pressure at 35 C - Kpa 1 Flash point - C 33 Autoignition temperature - C 425 11. MARKET APPLICATIONS
Cumene is primarily used for the production of phenol and acetone, its reaction by-products. Both are important petrochemical products with many uses in the chemical and polymer industries. The demand for phenol in the polycarbonate producing industry is increasing due to the expansion of applications of compounds of polycarbonates in electronics, in the health area and automobile industries. Phenol, in its varying degrees of purity, is used for production of bisphenol-a, which is used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonates (33% of the phenol produced), phenolic resins for the manufacture of materials such as plywood (approximately 30% of the phenol produced), and of caprolactam, the raw material for nylon-6 (14%). 12. MARKET Brazil has one single factory located in São Paulo, whose production capacity is 210,000 tons / year. The volume of production and foreign trade has reached the following amounts: Production(1) Importation (2): Exportation (2): US$ 1000 t US$ 1000 fob t fob 2004 179,200 7,200.1 7,175.7 0.0 0.0 2005 201,000 16,557.7 16,032.0 0.0 0.0 2006 n.d. 27,048.8 28,695.2 0.0 0.0 2007 n.d. 36,500.9 40,488.8 0.0 0.0 2008 n.d. 51960.0 71,677.3 0.0 0.0 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2008). 13. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the raw materials needed to manufacture Cumene, which are: Benzene Propene The most widespread technology for the production of cumene is based on the process of zeolite, technique necessary to isopropilation of benzene to cumene from the alkylation reaction. 14. USEFUL LINKS
http://www.braskem.com.br http://www.quattor.com.br 15. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY PHENOL Phenol is the common name of hydroxybenzene, C6H5OH, and belongs to the class of compounds commonly referred to as phenols, containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to an aromatic ring. Phenol can also be called phenic acid, phenilic acid, phenyl hydroxide acid, or oxybenzone. The oxidation of cumene is the main trade route in process of obtaining synthetic phenol, representing more than 95% of the phenol produced in the world. The rest of the synthetic phenol is produced by oxidation of toluene through the route using benzoic acid. Other processes, including production of benzene by way of cyclohexane, benzene sulfonation, chlorination of benzene and oxychlorination of benzene, have also been used in the manufacture of phenol. 16. MARKET APPLICATIONS Phenols are found in several practical applications, such as: Disinfectants (phenols and cresols); Preparation of resins and polymers; Preparation of picric acid, used in the preparation of explosives; Synthesis of aspirin and other pharmaceutical drugs; Production of hydroquinone. From it quinones are produced, which are colored compounds, ranging from yellow to red. 17. MARKET In Brazil, the only factory is located in São Paulo, with an installed capacity of 195,000 t / year. Data relative to production and external trade of phenol are included in the following table: Production(1) Importation (2): Exportation (2): US$ 1000 US$ 1000 t t fob fob 2004 155,924 13,740.5 10,588.4 3,507 3,830.0 2005 170,024 11,325.5 12,447.7 6,924 8,424.8
2006 178,809 13,195.4 13,132.5 11,005 12,625.3 2007 185,734 3,489.0 4,188.6 9,946.5 14,467.2 2008 172,401.3 2,056.1 3,237.5 3,904.9 6,309.8 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2009). 18. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the raw materials needed to manufacture Cumene. The phenol must be integrated into an industrial complex along with the production of cumene and acetone. In the case of using other routes of manufacture, in Camaçari there is availability of the following products: Toluene Benzene Hydrochloric gas 19. USEFUL LINKS»RHODIA POLYAMIDE: http://www.rhodia-pi.com.br/top.asp?lang=por» QUIMINVEST: http://www.quiminvest.com.br/ 20. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY ACETONE Acetone, also known as 2-propanone or dimethyl ketone, has molecular formula CH 3 COCH3 and molecular weight equal to 58.08. It is the simplest and the most important substance in the group that makes up the ketones. It is a colorless liquid with high fluidity, flammable with low flash point, has a slight aromatic odor and is miscible in all proportions with water and most organic solvents. Acetone has the following physical properties: Property Value Melting temperature - C -94.6 Boiling temperature - C 56.29 Viscosity at 20 C - cp 0.32 Steam Pressure at 20 C - Kpa 24.7 21. MARKET APPLICATIONS Acetone is an excellent vehicle for a wide range of gums, waxes, resins, fats, greases, oils, and dyes.
It is used as a carrier for acetylene, in the production of a variety of coatings and plastics. Raw material for synthesis of chemical products, such as: Methacrylate; Bisphenol A; Methyl isobutyl ketone; Hexa xylenoglycol (2-methyl-2,4-pentenodiol): Isophorone. 22. MARKET In Brazil, the only factory is located in São Paulo, with an installed capacity of 119,000 t / year. Data production and foreign trade of acetone are presented below: Production Importation (2): Exportation (2): t US$ 1000 fob t US$ 1000 fob 2004 95.253 24.733,7 12.409,8 701,6 524,1 2005 102.782 36.299,9 25.257,3 1.258,6 1.294,3 2006 108.225 42.598,3 25.255,2 1.202,1 1.121,7 2007 111.984 52.242,0 36.675,0 2.633,8 2.646,7 2008 104.688,4 62.412,5 58.409,6 1.621,9 2.152,1 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2009). 23. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari is likely to have available the raw materials needed to manufacture Acetone, if an investment is made integrated for the production of cumene and phenol. In the case of using other routes of manufacture, in Camaçari there is availability of the following products: Propene Isopropyl alcohol 24. USEFUL LINKS»RHODIA POLYAMIDA: http://www.rhodia-pi.com.br/top.asp?lang=por 25. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY ADIPIC ACID
The adipic acid, also called hexanedioic acid, 1,4- butenodicarboxylic acid, has a molecular mass of 146.14 molecular structural formula represented by HOOCCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH. The adipic acid is colorless, odorless, has a bitter taste sour and presents itself as a crystalline solid. Their basic physico-chemical properties are listed in the table below: Property Value Melting temperature - C 152.1 Steam Pressure at 18,5 C - pa 9.7 26. MARKET APPLICATIONS It is one of the basic raw materials for production chains of polyamides, ester based polyurethanes, plasticizers and chemical intermediates. It has applications in polyurethane systems, organic syntheses, polymers and polyamide textile fibers, lubricants, plasticizers, adhesives, paints and resins, flexible and rigid foams, food and detergent applications. 27. MARKET In Brazil the only factory is located in São Paulo. The data relative to production and foreign trade are included in the table below: Production Importation: Exportation: t US$ 1000 fob t US$ 1000 fob 2004 86.958,0 2.491,3 2.800,9 13.610,3 16.262,0 2005 75.147,0 2.793,2 3.889,4 17.428,1 24.353,3 2006 82.614,2 961,1 1.475,9 14.280,5 22.445,0 2007 88.808,4 1.495,9 3.010,7 24.691,4 44.020,0 2008 85.021,3 2.977,4 5.602,1 21.355,3 42.267,4 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2009). 28. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The raw materials necessary to manufacture adipic acid are available at the Industrial Complex of Camaçari, which are: Nitric acid Cyclohexane 29. USEFUL LINKS»RHODIA POLYAMIDE: http://www.rhodia-pi.com.br/top.asp?lang=por»petrobras FAFEN BAHIA: http://www.petrobras.com.br
» BRASKEM: http://www.braskem.com.br PURIFIED TEREPHTHALIC ACID (PTA) 1 0 ºC 2 18 ºC 30. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY The two types of benzene carboxylic acids most commonly traded are terephthalic acid and phthalic anhydride acid. The table below presents the main properties of the terephthalic acid. Property Value Melting point 427 Melting point - o C 404 Solubility in H2O at 25ºC g/100g 0.0017 31. MARKET APPLICATIONS Its main use is in the formation of PET polymer, in combination with ethylene glycol. Purified terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate acid are used for the production of saturated hydrocarbonated polyesters. 32. MARKET Since 2007 the Brazilian production was halted due to the temporary shutdown of the only existing facility, located in Sao Paulo, which had a capacity of 250,000 tons / year, which made the country totally dependent on imported products. We present below the summary table of production, import and export of the product in question: Productio n (1) Importation (2): Exportation (2): t US$ 1000 fob t US$ 1000 fob 2004 255.712 204,0 134,4 0,0 0,0 2005 245.498 11.429,1 9.444,5 16,3 1,4 2006 206.240 31.160,0 29.743,9 13,0 24,7 2007 86.403 347.057,0 337.854,1 24,0 46,1 2008 0,0 405.023,9 436.094,2 0,0 0,0 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2009). 33. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the raw materials needed to manufacture the Terephtalic Acid, which are: P-xylene Methanol 34. USEFUL LINKS
» RHODIACO: www.rhodiaco.com.br 35. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY ACETIC ACID The acid, which has the molecular formula CH 3 COOH, is a corrosive organic acid, with a strong characteristic odor. It is clear, colorless and is presented in liquid form at room temperature. Water is the main impurity of acetic acid and significantly reduces the freezing point of glacial acetic acid. Its main properties are described in the following table: Property Value Freezing temperature - C 16,635 Boiling temperature - C 117,87 Density at 20 C g/cm 3 1,0485 Viscosity at 20 C - cp 11,83 Steam Pressure at 18.5 C - mm H 2 O 0,989 Self-ignition temperature - C 465 36. MARKET APPLICATIONS The main uses of acetic acid include the manufacture of vinyl acetate and acetic anhydride. Vinyl acetate is used to make latex, emulsion of resins for paints, adhesives, coatings for paper and textile finishing agents. Acetic anhydride is used in the production of fibers of cellulose acetate, cigarette filter, oakum and cellulosic materials. 37. MARKET The Brazilian production is concentrated in São Paulo. The data relative to production and foreign trade are included in the table below: Production Importation (2): Exportation (2): (1) US$ 1000 t fob t US$ 1000 fob 2004 50.526 117.868,6 41.518,9 984,0 524,1 2005 54.926 108.165,9 45.241,5 1.675,0 1.035,6 2006 38.385 127.080,3 60.125,2 1.285,9 1.002,9 2007 52.905 104.065,3 56.357,4 5.009,4 3.986,4 2008 52.793,7 87.267,8 52.632,6 5.564,7 5.192,5 Sources: (1) Abiquim, (2) Sistema Alice (base: March/2009).
38. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the raw materials needed to manufacture the Acetic Acid, which are: Methanol Carbon Monoxide The State of Bahia has programs to encourage the production of sugarcane / alcohol, which is an alternative raw material for the production of acetic acid. 39. USEFUL LINKS»RHODIA POLIAMIDA: http://www.rhodia-pi.com.br/top.asp?lang=por» BUTILAMIL: http://www.butilamil.com.br/» CLOROETIL: http://www.cloroetil.com.br/ 40. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY VINYL ACETATE / POLYVINYL Vinyl Acetate is a colorless, flammable liquid initially with a pleasant smell, which quickly becomes annoying. Vinyl Acetate has as physical properties the data presented in the following table: Property Value Solidification temperature - C -92.8 Boiling temperature - C 72.7 Viscosity at 20 C - cp 0.43 Self-ignition temperature - C 426.9 41. MARKET APPLICATIONS Vinyl Acetates / polyvinyl are important components of coatings, paints and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, building products, carpets), and miscellaneous uses, such as chewing gum, lozenges and coatings. 42. MARKET In Brazil there is currently no production of poly vinyl acetate, as the only factory located in Pernambuco was deactivated in March 2008. The table below shows the major production and foreign trade data: Production (1) Importation (2): Exportation (2): t US$ 1000 fob t US$ 1000 fob 2004 56.840,0 22.663,8 17.400,8 21.819 14.510,8 2005 50.653,0 25.727,6 25.743,4 25.101 22.571,0 2006 42.269,0 26.280,9 25.264,1 9.491 9.061,3
2007 32.515,0 28.034,9 30.249,4 7.186 8.949,9 2008 3.649,0 49.022,8 63.278,1 2.102,4 3.320,5 (1) Source: Abiquim (base: May/2008). (2) Source: Sistema Alice (base: May/2008). 43. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the raw materials needed to manufacture Vinyl Acetate / Polyvinyl, which are: Ethene Acetic acid - Although there are raw materials for its manufacture, there is no manufacturer in the State of Bahia yet. 44. USEFUL LINKS RHODIA POLIAMIDA: http://www.rhodia-pi.com.br/top.asp?lang=por Companhia Alcoolquímica Nacional: http://www.grupojb.com.br DOW BRASIL S.A.: http://www.dow.com BRASKEM: http://www.braskem.com.br ENGINEERING STYRENE RESINS 45. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT/FAMILY These resins are produced from a polymerization process of the monomers of styrene and acrylonitrile (matrix resin), which together with the production of latex, through the polymerization process of butadiene, form several engineering styrene resins according to the proportions used. 46. MARKET APPLICATIONS The styrene resins may be used in the processes of industrial transformation by injection, extrusion and composition. The main demanding industrial segments of the polymer are: Automotive; Electro-electronics; Telecommunications; Electro-domestics; Refrigeration; Civil Construction; Sports and leisure. 47. STYRENE RESINS AND ENGINEERING MARKET
In Brazil there are no industrial installations in operation for the production of styrene resins. This market is serviced by large multinational companies, in addition to Asian suppliers. The following table lists the imports of this product: Imports (t / year) (1) 2004 79,345 2005 87,952 2006 91,250 2007 96,980 2008 85,988 (1) Source: Sistema Alice (base: March/2009). 48. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the raw materials needed to manufacture rubber SBR, which are: Butadiene Styrene Acetonitrile 49. USEFUL LINKS» BRASKEM: http://www.braskem.com.br» UNIGEL: http://www.unigel.com.br 50. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY ACRYLIC ACID The acrylic acid (propenoic acid) is a moderately strong carboxylic acid, and has been found very useful as coating, finishing and binder for hide, textiles and paper. Acrylate emulsions are used in the preparation of exterior and interior paints, finishers, and adhesives. Its main properties are described in the table below: Property Value Freezing temperature - C 13,5 Boiling temperature - C 141 Density at 20 C g/cm 3 1,045 Flash point - C 68
51. MARKET APPLICATIONS Acrylates are mainly used to prepare emulsions and polymer solutions. Solutions of acrylate polymers are employed in the preparation of industrial coatings. Polymers of acrylic acid can be used as super-absorbents in disposable diapers, as well as in the formulation of detergents, based on phosphate of upper quality. In Brazil there is no production of acrylic acid. 52. MARKET The rate of acrylate consumption has grown annually between 10 and 20% during the late '70s. It has oscillated with the growth of the economy in the beginning of the 80's with some increase in capacity announced later in the referred to decade. Brazilian imports of Acrylic Acid in the last three years have reached the following values: Tons US$ fob 2006 47.610 47.610.540 2007 47.176 47.176.646 2008 54.820 65.784.216 Sources: Sistema Alice (base: January/2009). 53. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL The Industrial Complex of Camaçari has available the main raw material, which is the propene, required for the manufacture of acrylic acid. It is considered the best place for the implementation of this project due to the existing facilities such as treatment of effluents and availability of utilities, in addition to tax incentives in the region. 54. USEFUL LINKS Dow Brasil: http://www.dow.com/ Elekeiroz: http://www.elekeiroz.com.br/ Petrobras: http://www.petrobras.com.br/ INORGANIC PRODUCTS CALCIUM OXIDE 55. PRODUCT / PRODUCT FAMILY Calcium oxide (CaO): also called lime or quicklime, is a white solid compound obtained from the limestone in a process known as calcination: