Copyright 2016 Motorsolver 1

For thousands of years man could only walk here and there. By 4000 to 5000 BC man began to ride horses Around 2000 BC horses were used to pull carts and carriages Early US settlers used horse & oxen drawn large wagons to go West (Like modern RVs & campers) In 1605 horse drawn carriages were used on the streets of London. By 1640 the London horse drawn carriages added springs for comfort and with a driver. By 1783 and for the next 120 years manned air travel was possible only by hot air balloons using wind for propulsion Copyright 2016 Motorsolver 4

Before we have a look at long distance commercial E-Flight lets review the evolution of automobile propulsion. (Both travel revolutions are birthed in the early 19th century) In the late 19th and early 20th century, electricity was the preferred power source for automobile propulsion. US had no highway systems because passenger trains were used for long distance travel. Gasoline was known but no infrastructure available Steam powered cars were also tried. By 1920 thanks to Henry Ford, IC engine improvements and the growing petroleum infrastructure gasoline power dominated until this present day. Also John D Rockefeller Copyright 2016 Motorsolver 5

Automobile propulsion history: 1768 French steam engine powered car by Nicolas Cugnot 1832 Robert Anderson ran first electric motor driven car 1885 Karl Benz made first 4 wheel gas powered car 1888 First noted (4) wheel E-Car, Flocken Elektrowagen 1893 First American car was developed by Charles Duryea 1897 Stanley Steamer in Newton MA, sold 200 cars 1908 Ford Model-T introduced (Internal combustion gasoline powered engine) Copyright 2016 Motorsolver 6

Gasoline distribution was essential for the success of the Model-T Up until the late 19th century gasoline was a waste by-product from the production of kerosene. Gas stations around the country emerged first between 1905 & 1907 Up to that time the petroleum industry got rich selling mainly heating & lighting oils (like kerosene). With the growing auto industry in early 20th century gasoline outsold kerosene by 1910. (Model T introduced in 1908) Many gasoline powered trucks were in use by 2010 also. The Model T and the wide spread availability of gasoline changed the world forever (at least up to the 21st century??) Copyright 2016 Motorsolver 7

Scale model builders and flyers have been around for a very long time. Perhaps the first ones were gliders Robber band propulsion was added Gasoline powered U-control followed Radio Controlled gas powered Small gas turbine engines were developed. Finally after brushless DC motors were developed, electric motor propulsion became very popular for radio controlled jet models. Although prop driven electric models are used the Ducted Fan electric propulsion is now preferred due to its close similarity to much more expensive gas turbine modeling. Ducted E-Fan modeling supplies is being used for E-Drones (For both private hobbyist to commercial and military drones) Copyright 2016 Motorsolver 13

It might be hard to believe or except that some day in the future we will be flying in electric or hybridelectric airplanes across the Atlantic. Remember years ago when President Kennedy promised we would put man on the moon?? JRH Copyright 2016 Motorsolver 59