The role of the leader is to control the horse from the time it leaves the stall, throughout the lesson, and upon return to the stall or pasture area. The horse leader plays a major role in the learning process and safety of the rider. The leader is responsible for maintaining control of the horse; they need to be alert and aware of the horse s movement and behavior at all times, as well as staying tuned in to the rest of the Team. Pay attention to safety at all times. Prior to the Lesson: Horse Leaders should arrive 30 minutes prior to the start of the lessons they are assigned for and should check the daily schedule for their horse and equipment assignment upon arrival. It is the leader s responsibility to well groom and tack properly. Barn staff are supervising at all times if you are unsure of your assignment or the resources needed. The horse may then be brought into the arena 10 to 15 min prior to the start of the lesson. Please call door before entering, wait for the response enter, closing the arena door behind you. Help our horses warm up for their lessons and make sure you have a strong working relationship with them prior to the start of each lesson. Horses should not be standing still during the 10-15 minutes prior to the start of the lesson. Horse Leaders should use this time to perform transitions, walk in each direction, and trot down at least 1 long side in each direction. This will help you and your horse partner have a better lesson! The instructor will ask to see a soundness check a trot in both directions down the long side of the arena. The instructor will also perform a final tack check to ensure proper fit and girth tightness. During the Lesson: During class, handle the horse according to the instructor s direction. The Horse Leader leads from the horse s left side unless the instructor directs otherwise. When leading, keep between the horse s head and shoulder. Hold the line under the buckle attached to the bit lead. Only hold on to the bit lead when needed for more control. In order for the rider to have complete freedom to use the reins correctly, care should be taken to ensure that the lead line does not run over the rider s reins. The lead line must be hanging between the rider s rein not over the top of them. Allow the horse to move his head freely up and down as they walk- DO NOT HANG ON THE LEAD ROPE. This rhythmical movement starts at the head and moves all the way down the horse s spine- this movement is what makes horseback riding beneficial. If the leader interferes with the horse s head, the body stiffens and there is limited benefit from the horse s movement. Also, if you continuously constrict the movement of the horse s head they may become increasingly annoyed. Keep your attention focused ahead of you and square your shoulders in the direction you are going. Do not attempt to drag the horse, don t look him right in the eye look forward in the direction of your movement. Use your voice walk-on, whoa or trot. Also utilize half halts and a whip, if assigned, as needed. Use of voice and praise are important tools when working with your horse. Be sure that it is not distracting to the rider or distracting the horse from their job. For example, a good boy is appropriate during a lesson, but a full on snuggle when halted is not. Be sure you are a safe distance from other horses (at least a horse s length between). Horses can kick if they feel pressured by a horse following too closely behind them. Some may also react negatively if a horse approaches too
close from the side, or passes too close going in the opposite direction. If your rider cannot maintain a safe distance, it is your job to assist. Often instruction to the horse leader will be given through instruction to the rider. It is important to pay attention to the instructor s directions as well as the rider s response. Take care that you are providing time for the rider to attempt the skill they are working on. We are always encouraging our riders to be as independent as possible and the leader greatly helps to reinforce the skill being taught. It is tempting to turn around to talk with or assist your rider but your responsibility as the leader is to pay attention to the horse and where you are going. The sidewalker and instructor should be the main communicators with a rider. At The Halt For shorter halts, stay in the leader position looking in the direction of travel. For longer halts (more than 1 minute) pivot yourself from the side of the horse to slightly in front of the horse and facing shoulder to shoulder. Do not stand directly in front of the horse, but slightly off to the side. This will encourage the horse to not move forward, but protect you in case the horse throws its head. During times a horse must stand still, remain relaxed and avoid clamping down on their head, this will cause tension and they may react by backing away from you. Please inform your instructor of any problems or concerned while you are working with the horse. At The Walk Some riders will have sidewalkers on one or both sides of the horse. Be aware not to get too close to the side of the ring or other obstacles, or you will not have room to fit through safely. When making circles, slow down and remember the sidewalker on the outside of the circle has a longer distance to travel. At The Trot Before starting the trot, check to be sure that everyone is ready. Lengthen your stride to prepare the horse for the trot transition and utilize voice commands and begin a slow jog. Do not try to muscle the horse forward by pulling and do not run in front of the horse. Utilize your energy, whip or end of the lead line to assist with sending your horse forward. Upward and downward transitions should be smooth as not to unseat the rider. As A Spotter To help facilitate more independence for the rider, the instructor may ask you to act as a spotter. You will detach your lead line and bit lead from the sidepull. In this position you are still responsible for ensuring the safety of the rider. You should walk alongside the neck within reach of the sidepull should you need to intervene. As always, try to let the rider by as independent as possible. Mounts and Dismounts To help save the horses backs, all riders mount from a mounting block or ramp. Instructors will advise regarding dismounts. The Leader s primary role during mounts and dismounts is to prevent the horse from moving. Mounts at the Ramp: When the Instructor and rider are ready, the instructor will ask you to enter the Mounting Area through the back gate by H. Wait just inside the Mounting Area until the rider is positioned and you are instructed to come forward into the ramp. The horse should be positioned as close as possible to the side of the ramp on which the rider will be mounting. Stand in front (but slightly to the side if able) and facing the horse with hands on the lead. You may utilize the bit lead or reins or one hand on the horses shoulder for more control if needed. Do not hold onto the sidepull as it may cause the horse to throw its head and back up. You may talk softly to reassure and reward the horse. Use care and be alert to each mounting situation. When you ask your horse to halt, be sure they are standing square prior to the rider getting on. Horses should only be asked to take 1 small step forward or back in the ramp. If more adjusting is needed, come out of the ramp and try your approach again.
After your rider has mounted and the instructor has determined the team is ready, ask your horse to walk slowly and stay close to the ramp until the very bottom. To help keep the horse close to the ramp, continue to walk backward and on the right side of the horse. Utilize a hand on the horses shoulder if needed. Once at the bottom of the ramp, return to the left side of the horse. Enter the arena through the middle gate. If a gate is being opened by a sidewalker, be sure to wait for instructions and not walk forward without the sidewalker unless the instructor says otherwise. Mounting at the Block/Steps: Utilize the same technique as used for the ramp. Listen to the instructor and be sure your horse is square. The horse s barrel and saddle should be as close to the block as possible and in the middle of the block. You do not want to push the horse to the side if they are not close enough, instead you should circle around and try again. When the team is ready, take a few steps forward so the instructor can come off the stairs, prior to turning into the arena at the middle gate. Dismounting You will receive specific instructions as to where the dismount will take place. Position yourself as previously described for longer halts. Make sure stirrups are run up before leading the horse out of the arena (hanging stirrups can get caught in doorways). When you and your horse have finished a lesson, if you or the horse are not in the next lesson, please bring the horse back to his/her stall and untack, pick the horse s hooves and groom/bathe/blanket as appropriate. Ask your barn staff for assistance. Return the horse to the appropriate paddock if the horse is done for the day or leave the horse in his stall the barn staff will instruct you what to do. Please return all tack to its proper place. Emergency Situations Please see Volunteer Manual for additional weather related emergency instructions. Falls Though falls are very rare, they can and do happen. If your rider falls, your only concern is the horse; the instructor will take care of the student. If another rider falls, stop your horse immediately. Do not panic if there is a fall, stay calm and keep the horse standing still and away from the rider until the instructor gives you instructions. Spooks If a horse spooks, remain calm, be firm, and remember you are the leader. Utilize half halts and a calming voice to regain control. Try to halt your horse as soon as possible. If the horse s behavior becomes dangerous, the instructor may call for an emergency dismount. If a horse gets loose do not chase them if they feel they are being chased they may run faster. They are prey animals and they use flight as a defense. All other horses should be halted. When horses are scared they will seek comfort and may go to another horse.
Ring Figures Arena Layout 20 Meter Circle Figure 8 Change Rein Across the Diagonal 3 Loop Serpentine Full Arena 3 Loop Serpentine To Center Line
Terms Changing Rein - reversing direction Extending the stride lengthening the horse s stride so they cover more ground per stride; faster Going large using the entire arena Ground poles long PVC pipe laid on ground for horses to step over; encourages engagement of hindquarters; important to have working walk to prevent toes dragging over poles Half halt pull and release pressure on the lead rope; a method to slow the horse down, gain their attention, and prepare for transitions Inside facing the inner part of the arena, toward the instructor Mounting area separated from observation area by white fencing; horses may enter mounting area upon the direction of the instructor/therapist On the rail keeping the horse along the perimeter of the arena, alongside the fence or rail Outside facing the outer part of the arena, toward the rail or fence Running up stirrups important to secure the stirrup irons at the top of the stirrup leathers after the rider dismounts in order to prevent catching on doorways Shortening the stride shortening the horse s stride so they cover less ground per stride; slower Tracking left when the horse s inside shoulder is the left shoulder Tracking right when the horse s inside shoulder is the right shoulder Working walk the horse moves in an active, engaged walk; toes are not dragging, head bobs naturally Ring etiquette rules of conduct in the arena to ensure safety, especially when multiple horses are present; pass leftshoulder-to-left-shoulder, keeping horses ample distance from one another in all directions, indicate when you are going to trot, change directions, and enter/exit arena, turn toward the inside of arena when reversing direction