Abraham Maslow By: Jennifer Carter & Carleigh Sanderson
Introduction: Born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn New York Died in 1970 from a heart attack Maslow married his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, against his parents wishes they had two daughters Studied law at the City College of New York (CCNY)
Introduction con t But later transferred to Cornell and once again back to CCNY He became interested in psychology after the birth of his children Received his BA, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin
Field of Research: Humanistic Psychology Humanistic psychology is a modern psychology that emphasizes human individuality and regards psychology as a human science rather than as a bio-physical science. Humanistic psychology rejects behaviorism since it objects to treating human persons as biological mechanisms. Instead, it takes into account human intentions, motivation as well as education. *Abraham Maslow was one of the first psychologists to make this approach popular.
Important Contributions: While working with monkeys early in his career, Maslow learnt that some common needs took precedence over others. i.e. If you are hungry and thirsty, you will tend to try and satisfy the need for fluids first. Also, if you are extremely thirsty, but someone has got you in a choke hold and you can t breath, what would you take care of first? Cleary breathing, because you can t live without it. With this idea Maslow created the Hierarchy of Needs. Hierarchy of Needs Physiological Needs Safety and Security Needs Love and Belonging Needs Esteem Needs Need for Self Actualization
Important Contributions con t Maslow defined many terms in his career but the most recognized are: B-Motivation- involves the motivation for psychological growth, and developing and fulfilling our potentials. D-Motivation- deficiency motivation takes place when we lack something and try to require it. Homeostasis- bodily equilibrium. Maslow used this definition when referring to needs. He believed that when you regress in your needs, other needs will take place to balance it out. Instinctoid-needs that are required for survival. They are needed for good health, and they are instinctively sought out.
Maslow is important in our study of Social Sciences because inspired Humanistic Psychology developed the Hierarchy of Needs the Hierarchy of Needs can relate to any part of society. The rich and the poor, the black and the white all need the same basic needs. also if these needs aren t met, society s can fall apart. i.e. Africa doesn t have enough to meet the basic needs, and its society is severely struggling. created the idea of Self-Actualization defined D-motivation, B-motivation, homeostasis and instictoid needs
Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs
1. The Physiological Needs Are the needs for oxygen, vitamins and minerals, rest, sleep, sex, activity and to get rid of wastes (CO2, sweat etc.) They also include the need to sustain a ph balance and a regular temperature. Maslow also believed that a lack of any vitamins or minerals (e.g. vitamin C) makes a person crave a food that offers that vitamin or mineral (e.g. orange juice.)
2. The Safety and Security Needs Once the physiological needs are taken care of, this second layer will take priority. This need makes people want to find stability and protection. People may develop a need for structure, order and limits. Looking at this negatively, people become concerned with fears and anxiety as opposed to hunger and thirst. i.e. In an common Canadian this need gives them the urge to buy a home in a safe neighbourhood, find a job with security, have insurance plans, retirement plans etc.
3. The Love and Belonging Needs With the other two needs taken care of people begin to feel a need for friends, companions, children and community. i.e. Joining church groups, gangs, clubs etc.
4. The Esteem Needs People begin to search for self-esteem. Maslow considered two versions of esteem needs, a high and low one. The lower one is the need for respect from others, the need for status, fame, glory, attention, reputation etc. The higher form involves the need for self-respect, selfconfidence, achievement, independence, freedom etc. The negative version of this need is low self-esteem and inferiority (inadequacy) complexes. Maslow believed that this is what the root is in most psychological problems.
5. Self-Actualization This need occurs when the other four have been satisfied. It involves realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. He concluded that people who became self-actualized shared a number of common personality characteristics. Efficient Perception of Reality Acceptance of Self and Others Spontaneity Autonomy Continued Freshness of Appreciation Identification with Humanity Deep Interpersonal Relationships Democratic Character Structure Strong Ethics Creativeness
Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs
Comparing Maslow s Hierarchy Needs TO the UN s Overspending on weapons V.S people pyramid V.S Retire Developing $30 Billion Provide Health Care and AIDS Control $21 Billion Eliminate starvation and malnutrition $19 Billion Provide safe, clean water $10 Billion Prevent Global Warming $8 Billion Provide Clean, safe energy $50 Billion Prevent soil Erosion $24 Billion Provide shelter $21 Billion Stabilize Population $10.5 Billion Prevent Acid Rain $8 Billion Eliminate Nuclear Weapons $7 Billion Stop Deforestation $7 Billion Stop Ozone Depletion Refugee Relief $5 Billion $5 Billion Eliminate Illiteracy Build Democracy $5 Billion $2 Billion Remove Landmines $2 Billion
"A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be. This is the need we may call self-actualization... It refers to man's desire for fulfillment, namely to the tendency for him to become actually in what he is potentially: to become everything that one is capable of becoming..." - Abraham Maslow
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