Research Skills Dr.C.G.Sreenivasa Assistant Professor & MBA Coordinator Department of Industrial & Production Engineering University B.D.T College of Engineering (A Constituent College of VTU, Belgaum) Davangere 577 004 Basic Questions Which subject to choose? How to approach and select the guide? Which institute is good? How to carryout literature survey? How to identify research problem? What is journal paper? How to understand journal paper? How to obtain journal papers? What is impact factor? Which journal is easy or difficult? Is there any one to discuss with me? 1
Research Defined The word research derives from the French recherche, from rechercher "chercher" means "to search, its literal meaning is 'to investigate thoroughly' Research Importance in Recent Years Teaching institute to Research institute AICTE 6 th pay scale Career advancement / Promotion Assessing quality of faculty Recognition Competition Publish or Perish 2
Origin of Ph.D. Teacher of philosophy (Latin) Universities of Europe in the middle ages (5 th -15 th century) generally placed all academic disciplines outside the professional fields of theology, medicine and law under the broad heading of "philosophy" ("natural philosophy" when referring to science). The first Ph.D. The first Ph.D. degree was awarded in Paris in the year 1150, but not until the early 19 th century did the term "Ph.D. degree" acquire its modern meaning as the highest academic doctoral degree, (university practice in Germany) 3
Ph.D. in modern sense Prior to the 19 th century professional doctoral degrees could only be awarded in theology (ThD), law (JD), or medicine (MD). In 1861, Yale University adopted the German practice (first introduced in the 19th century at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin) of granting the degree to younger students who had completed a prescribed course of graduate study and successfully defended a thesis/dissertation containing original research in science or in the humanities. The First Ph.D. in Engineering Josiah Willard Gibbs, who earned a doctorate in engineering from Yale University in 1863. He was the first person to earn such a degree in the United States. Gibbs' phase rule: F = C P + 2 4
Start Point / Idea Starting Research Research begins with a problem. This problem need not be Earth-Shaking Identifying this problem can actually be the hardest part of research In general, good research problem should: Address an important question Advance knowledge 5
Sources of Research Problems Observation CD-ROM Drive-through restaurants Fax machines Internet Flat-screen monitors Color printers DVD 3 1/2 Floppy disks Sources of Research Problems Observation Literature Reviews Professional Conferences Experts 6
Division of Research Work Experiments Case Study Modeling Algorithm etc. Writing Paper Thesis Compilation Preparing ppt Graphs, Tables etc. Types of research papers Literature review papers Experimental / Theoretical research papers Application oriented research papers Research papers for practitioners 7
Leading Journal Publishers Publishing company Founded in the year Country of origin John Wiley 1807 US POM Journal (One Example) Taylor and Francis 1852 UK IJPR Elsevier 1880 Netherlands IJPE Springer 1950 US IJAMT Emerald 1967 UK JMTM Inderscience 1979 Switzerland IJMR Reference Giving credit to the authors Back support (ex. Lawyer) Sir name of the author has to be mentioned while referring Example ABSTRACT Investigation on achieving.. Sachin Tendulkar 1, Mahendra Singh Dhoni 2, Sourav Ganguly 3 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering,.. During the recent year, the competition is intensified due to the globalization... Case 1: for two authors: Tendulkar and Dhoni (2012) Case 2: more than two authors: Tendulkar et al. (2012) Harvard Style Tendulkar, S, Dhoni, M.S and Ganguly, S. (2012), Investigation on achieving.., Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 9, No.1, pp.196-215. 8
Understanding Paper Journal / Conference papers Purpose Design / Methodology / Approach Findings Originality Paper Structure Title of the paper Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Literature Survey 3. Module of your research work (Experiment, Theoretical, etc.) 4. Results and Discussion 5. Conclusion Acknowledgement Reference 9
Writing Literature Review Paper Tentative Title Conclusion Identify Research Gaps Collect Papers Paper Structure Reference Management Software's Year http://www.refworks.com 2001 http://www.citeulike.org 2004 http://www.zotero.org 2005 http://www.mendeley.com 2008 Modules of Research Work Investigation Write Paper Module 1 Module 2 Investigation Write Paper Paper Structure Investigation Write Paper Module 3 IMPORTANT 10
Writing Paper Tentative Title Conclusion and Limitation Results and Discussion Module 1 Work Paper Structure Show it to your Guide/friends/faculty/proof readers Submit the paper For example: P2.3 for Conference and P2.7 for Journal Introduction Vs Conclusion Introduction: General to Specific Conclusion: Specific to General 11
Structured Abstract Purpose Findings Design/methodology/approach Originality / Value Research limitations Practical implications Social implications If applicable Plagiarism Meaning: Copying Close imitation Steal and publish others work www.ithenticate.com www.checkforplagiarism.net www.duplichecker.com www.plagiarismsoftware.net www.turnitin.com 12
Thesis Compilation Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Introduction Literature Survey Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 Results and Discussion No. of papers 1 1 1 1 1 Total: 5 or More Chapter 6 Conclusion Mistake / Misconception During Research www.google.com / www.scholar.gmail.com Writing wrong statements Should I disclose my research problem to others? Sending same paper to 2 or more journals Sending two papers to same journal Harsh reply for reviewer comments 13
Proof Reading Do not confuse reader Consistency References Appendix Verbs: Past tense / Present tense Research Scholar / Friends / Professional type setters Research Scholar / Guide / Professional proof readers Examiners You will be facing minimum 10 examiners for getting your Ph.D. Highest cited reference in your thesis may be your examiner Indian Examiner Foreign Examiner Its good if Guide has taken consent from examiners Candidate should not contact examiners Ensure confidential letters sealed before submitting to University 14
Frustration During Research Do not stop communicating with family and friends Meet positive attitude research scholars Present papers in conferences Take a break Celebrate festivals Caution Do not let down your Guide in front of others Do not supersede your Guide in meetings and presentations Do not criticize your Guide in knowledge while discussion Do not imitate your Guide in front of others Do not always trigger your Guide to discuss your Ph.D. problem 15
Pre-Cautions Be punctual and honest Take appointment for discussing your Ph.D. problem If possible help your Guide in academic / non-academic activities If possible join with your Guide for refreshments Discuss the topics other than your research Conclusion 21 st century faculty/student have to Publishor Perish Think before you commit Subject and Guide Be Proactive Systematic planning with patience yields better results Research = Investigations (50%) + Presentations (50%) Research Kills,those who do not practice Research Skills 16
Limitations Delayed response and publication time of journal Research supervisor availability Facility for conducting research Finance Procurement time of equipment / accessories etc. References Devadasan, S.R (2010), Preparation of Research Paper in Internationally Acceptable Format, Seminar on Research Methodology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore Prakasan, K (2009), Why & How of Research and Research Concepts, Seminar on Research Methodology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore www.google.co.in 17
Acknowledgement Dr.B.Ramesh Professor & Special Officer VTU, E-Learning Center Sathagalli Layout, Outer Ring Road Mysore 570 019 Karnataka Dr.S.R.Devadasan Professor Department of Production Engineering PSG College of Technology Coimbatore 641 004 Tamil Nadu Dr.S.Basavarajappa Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering University BDT College of Engineering Davangere 577 004 Karnataka 18
Contact Dr. C. G. Sreenivasa 9035429113 sreenivasacg@gmail.com 19