Financial Reform in India Prof. Neelkanth Gajanan Pendse Dr. Sukanta Sarkar w GLOBAL VISION PUBLISHING HOUSE 20, Ansah Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (INDIA)
Contents PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS (V) (yii) 1. FINANCIAL REFORMS IN INDIA 1 Financial Regulations in India 3 Narasimham Committee Report 1991 &1998 4 Progress in Liberalisation of the Banking Sector 6 Reforms in Indian Capital Market 10 Insurance Sector Reforms in India 11 Financial Markets and Instruments 14 Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003 16 Gonclusion 17 2. MONEY MARKET 19 What is Money Market? 20 Importance of Money Market 21 Classification of Money Market 22 Money Market Instruments 23 Money Market in India 24
(xviii) Financial Reform in India Shortcomings of Indian Money Market 26 Conclusion 27 3. CAPITAL MARKET 29 What is Capital Market? 31 Significance of Capital Market 32 Characteristics of Indian Capital Market 33 Instruments in Indian Capital Market 34 Classification of Indian Capital Market 35 Progress of Indian Capital Market 35 Problems before Indian Capital Market 36 Securities and Exchange Board of India 37 Reforms in Indian Capital Market 37 DifFerence between Money Market and Capital Market 38 Conclusion 39 4. STOCK MARKET IN INDIA 41 What is Stock Market? 42 Importance of Stock Market 43 Stock Market in India 44 Bombay Stock Exchange 46 National Stock Exchange of India 46 Securities and Exchange Board of India 47 Conclusion 48 5. DISINVESTMENT 51 Introduction 51 What is Disinvestment? 53 Importance of Disinvestment 53 Different Approaches to Disinvestments 54 Disinvestment Policies in India 54
Contents Policy towards Public Sector Since 1991 57 Disinvestment and Privatisation 60 Conclusion 64 6. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 67 What is Foreign Direst Investment? 68 Importance of Foreign Direct Investment 68 Foreign Direct Investment in India 69 Conclusion 78 7. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP 79 What is Public-Private Partnership? 80 Importance of Public-Private Partnership 81 Public-Private Partnership in India 83 Conclusion 88 8. INSURANCE REFORMS IN INDIA 91 Importance of Insurance Sector 92 Kinds of Insurance 93 Life Insurance 94 General Insurance 96 Global Insurance Market 97 Insurance Industiy in South Asia 101 Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India 116 Insurance Repository in India 118 Conclusion 118 9. MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY 121 Meaning of the Concept 122 Kinds of Mutual Fund 122 Advantages of Mutual Fund 123 Mutual Funds in India 123
(%x) Fmaimial Reform in India Unit Trust of India 127 SEBI and Mutual Fund 127 Problems of Mutual Funds 129 Conclusion 130 10. TAX REFORMS 133 Importance of Taxation 134 TypesofTaxes 135 Taxation Reforms in India 138 John Mathai Committee 140 Boothalingam Committee 142 Kaldor Committee 143 Chelliah Committee 144 Conclusion 145 11. CENTRAL-STATE FINANCIAL RELATION 147 Constitutional Provisions Finance Commission Flanning Commission State Finance Commission National Institution for Transforming India Centre - State Financial Conflict Distribution of Revenue between the Union and States Sarkaria Commission Conclusion 12. DEVALUATION IN INDIA What is Devaluation? Revaluation Importance of Devaluation 148 151 154 155 156 156 158 160 162 165 166 167 167
Contents (xxi) Reasons of Devaluation 168 Difference between Devaluation and Depreciations 169 Devaluation of Indian Rupees 169 Effects of Devaluation 170 Summary 171 13. INFLATION AND DEFLATION 173 Meaning of the Concept 174 Comparison between Inflation and Deflation 175 Types of Inflation 176 Reasons of Inflation 178 Reasons of Deflation 179 Effects of Inflation 181 How Is Inflation Measured and Managed? 183 The Inflationary Gap 183 Effects of Deflation 184 Preventive Measures for Inflation 184 Preventive Measures for Deflation 186 Conclusion 187 14. NATIONAL INCOME 189 Introduction 189 The Circular Flow of Income 190 Meaning of the Concept 192 Importance of National Income 193 Important Terms 193 Measurement of National Income 196 Problems for Measurement 198 Conclusion 200 15. GOVERNMENT BUDGET 201 Meaning of the Concept 202
(xxii) Government Budget Importance of Budget Types of Budget Elements of Government Budget Union Budget of India 2015 Union budget of India Railway Budget of India Public Debt Deficit Financing Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX Financial Reform in India 203 203 204 205 206 206 207 208 209 210 213 229