IPCC INVENTORY SOFTWARE AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND OTHER LAND USE (AFOLU) SECTORAL QUICK GUIDE 1
Getting started in AFOLU If you need to change the country from what you used in your first login, go to Administrate tab, and from drop down window, select Choose Country/Territory. 2
3A LIVESTOCK Use Livestock Manager table to enter the categories of livestock, the number of livestock, animal mass and N excretion. 1) Choose Administrate tab, select AFOLU, and Livestock Manager to get to the Livestock Manager input table (see panel below). 2) In the Livestock Manager input table, select the categories of livestock in your inventory, and enter Annual Average Population (number head of animals), Typical Animal Mass (kg), and the Excretion Rate per animal year the livestock subcategories (see panel below). 3
3) Add other livestock subcategories as needed by clicking on the + sign to open different types of livestock input rows (see panel below) 4) Close the Livestock Manager. 5) Select the livestock/enteric fermentation category from the left window (see panel below). 6) Enter the CH 4 emission factor for enteric fermentation for each of the livestock subcategories (see panel below). 7) SAVE using the SAVE (floppy disk) icon in the row of the subcategory (see panel below). 4
Use Livestock Manager to identify the different types of manure management systems (MMS) and the region (average temperature). 1) Select all manure management systems that apply to the livestock/enteric fermentation categories by selecting the Manure Management System tab (see panel below). 2) SAVE. 3) Select the region that applies to the livestock/enteric fermentation categories and MMS by selecting the Region tab (see panel below). 4) SAVE. 5
Define the manure management systems for the livestock identified for CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. 1) Select the livestock/manure management category from the window on the left (see panel below). 2) Select the Region, Livestock, MMS Associations tab and re enter data from Livestock/enteric fermentation category unless this conditions are different, however unlikely (see panel below). 3) Re enter the information for Region (see panel below). 6
4) Select CH4 Emissions from Manure Management tab. 5) Choose the default or add country specific emission factors for CH 4 (see panel below). 1) Select Direct N2O Emissions from Manure Management Systems tab. 2) Choose the default or add country specific emission factors for N 2 O for each MMS and livestock subcategory (see panel below). Repeat this process for all livestock subcategories and MMS and SAVE. Check the sectoral report for AFOLU with Livestock (3A) data entered. 7
1) Go to Reports tab, select AFOLU and Sectoral (see panel below). A report showing CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from Livestock (3A) will be displayed (see panel below). HINT: N 2 O emissions from two types of MMSes- Pasture Range and Paddock (PRP) and Daily Spread - although considered MMS for the purpose of allocating the livestock manure to 8 different MMSes in the livestock worksheets, are not included in the category 3.A.2: N2O emissions from MM. These emissions are included in the category 3.C.4 & 3C5: Direct/Indirect N2O from Managed Soils.
3B LAND 9
Use Land Type Manager to enter land types, areas of land, and land data for each land type and land conversions. 1) Choose Administrate tab, select AFOLU, and Land Type Manager to get to the Land Type Manager input table (see panel below). 2) Select Forest Land (or whatever land use category in your inventory). 3) Go to bottom of window and select Add to select an item (red arrow in panel below). HINT: Managed land is land where human interventions and practices have been applied to perform production, ecological 10 or social functions. However, it is good practice for countries to quantify, and track over time, the area of unmanaged lands so that consistency in area accounting is maintained as land-use change occurs. P. 1.5, Chapter 1, Volume 4, 2006 IPCC Guidelines
4) This brings you to entering the common land type data define the land type using your land type data (see panel below). a) Create a new Land Use Subcategory by entering a unique name to identify the subcategory. b) Define the Climate Region. c) Define the Soil Type. d) Enter Forest Land Data. i) Ecosystem type ii) Continent type iii) Species iv) Select Natural Forest or Plantation v) Define Age class. vi) Define Growing stock level vii) Enter data including carbon fraction of aboveground forest biomass, etc. viii) Enter relative stock change factor data ix) SAVE 11
HINT: Be sure to create all land subcategories in Land Type Manager before starting data entry in worksheets (i.e. Area Entry Table, etc). 5) SAVE. 6) Select the next land use category. 7) Repeat 4a d. 8) Repeat for all land use categories and subcategories of the inventory year. 9) Close the Land Type Manager. Enter Worksheet Data starting with entering 20 year land areas in the Area Entry Tables. These are the cumulative areas that remain in a land use category or are converted to a land use category in the last 20 years. The worksheets (table columns) include also references or links to default values for emission factors or paramaters (Tables or Equations in 2006 IPCC Guidelines). Specifically, 20 year areas are: a) Lands converted to another land use category in the last 20 years are categorized as land converted to a new land use category (e.g., Forest Land Cropland etc.) and b) Lands that haven t been converted to any other land use category in the last 20 years are categorized as land remaining in the same land use category (e.g., Forest Land Forest Land etc.). HINT: Land stays in a conversion subcategory for 20 years (default transition time period provided in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines) unless reconverted into some other Land use category except for peatlands where it remains in the conversion subcategory for a default period of 5 years. This data can then be used by the software to complete the Land Use Conversion Matrix and fill in the 20 year land areas in all the relevant worksheets. 12
1) Select the 3.B subcategory in the left window. This will bring up the worksheet tabs for that land subcategory transition. 2) Enter the Areas for Final land use in the Area Entry Table by selecting the Area Entry Table tab for each subcategory that was defined in the Land Type Manager. These land types appear in the Area Entry Table. HINT: Land conversions can only happen between lands of the same climatesoil combination. Land conversions of a different climate-soil combination will not appear in the Area Entry Tables or Land-Use Change Matrix (e.g, only FL with tropical/high activity clay combination can be converted to CL with tropical/high activity clay ). 3) Repeat for all land subcategory transitions. 13
Enter Worksheet Data for annually converted land areas in the Annual Area Tables. These are areas converted to different land use categories in the inventory year. These are required only for some land use conversion categories and are entered in the Annual Area Tables. For example, the Annual Area Table is used only for those land use categories (e.g., FL CL, FL GL 1 ) where guidelines methods for certain pools require a different treatment for the areas converted in the last year. This issue is not relevant for FL FL 2 or L FL 3 and consequently the Annual Area Table has not been provided for L FL. 1) Select the 3.B subcategory in the left window. This will bring up the worksheet tabs for that land subcategory transition. 2) Enter the Areas for Final land use in the Annual Area Table by selecting the Annual Area Table tab where the tab appears. Remember, it is necessary for only some land subcategory transitions. 1 FL CL=Forest Land converted to Cropland; FL GL=Forest Land converted to Grassland 2 FL FL=Forest Land remaining Forest Land 3 L FL=Land converted to Forest Land 14
Check the Land Use Conversion matrix for Area Entry Table data and, where applicable, Annual Area Table data. Column headings indicate the initial land use, with the total initial land use shown at the bottom of the sheets. Row headings with data indicate final land use, with the total final land use shown in the far right column (see panel below). 1) Select the Land Use Conversion Matrix tab (see panel below). 2) The drop down View tab allows you to toggle between viewing Area Entry Table and Annual Area Table data in the Land Use Conversion Matrix. 3) Check that the total Final Area (cell at the intersection of Final Area column with Initial Area row) is the correct, intended area of managed land for the inventory. HINT: There can be no conversions from Unmanaged to Managed in the software. This means that land as soon as it is considered managed in the inventory year, should be treated as Managed in the software. Thus, a conversion would be categorized as Managed to Managed, whether it s a natural forest or a rice field, based on the identification of lands in the inventory year. The area of Unmanaged land that is included in software by default is as a record-keeping tool only. This represents unmanaged land and thus not included in the national inventory greenhouse gas estimate. 15
4) Fill the remaining worksheet tabs to make homogeneous land subcategory types using defaults or country specific data or both. HINT: Within a land-use category (e.g, Forest Land), the country-specific subcategories or strata (e.g., natural forests, plantations etc.) should be completely homogeneous with regard to the various parameters used for estimation of emissions and removals for applying the methods provided in the guidelines. 16
Example: Subcategories of Forest Land creating homogeneous subcategories and accurately inputting the transitions between them. There are four subcategories of Forest land: Forest Plantations, Managed natural forest, young natural forest (low fallow) and intermediate natural forest (high fallow), where each one has different growth rate. The last two subcategories (low and high fallows) are transitions to reach the Final Stage of a natural succession for those land converted into Forest land. Question: How are those annual area changes for the land converted to forest land entered correctly, if for example there are many crops and pastures that started to be low fallow? It appears that the software doesn t accept these types of transitions because there is no "annual area table" for land converted to forest land.) Answer: a) The Annual Area Table (AAT) is used only for those land use categories (e.g., FL CL, FL GL) where guidelines methods for certain pools require a different treatment for the areas converted in the last year. This issue is not relevant for FL FL or L FL and consequently AAT has not been provided for L FL. b) Within a land use category (e.g, Forest Land), the country specific subcategories or strata (e.g., natural forests, plantations etc.) have to be completely homogeneous with regard to the various parameters used for estimation of emissions and removals for applying the methods provided in the guidelines. In this specific situation, some Forest Land subcategories (e.g., high and low fallow) are transient or temporary as they subsequently change to other subcategories within the transition time (20 years) for L FL. However, since the parameters associated to these land use categories (e.g., growth rates etc.) are different, they need to be classified as distinct subcategories for estimation of emissions and removals. This issue is not unique to your country; typically young forest plantations have different growth rates etc. as compared to mature plantations and as such they need to be categorized as distinct subcategories. I would suggest the following: i) Classify FL areas into homogeneous subcategories such as Low/High Fallow etc. filling in relevant information in the Land Type Manager. ii) Fill in the areas of transition subcategories such as CL FL(low fallow), CL FL (high fallow) as relevant in the Area Entry Table. Please make sure to enter the actual information on areas of conversion between land use categories. For example, if Cropland is converted to low fallow Forest Land, enter this area information as CL FL (low fallow) for the years in which the Forest Land stays as low fallow. Within the first 20 years of conversion, please move this area to CL FL (high fallow) whenever the low fallow Forest land becomes high fallow Forest Land. After 20 years of conversion, move the areas converted to FL in the last 20 years to FL (final subcategory) FL(final subcategory). 17
3C AGGREGATE SOURCES AND NON CO 2 EMISSION SOURCES ON LAND Use the left window to select the subcategory of aggregate sources or non CO2 emissions on land, including emissions from biomass burning, liming, urea application, direct and indirect N 2 O emissions. For category 3.C.1 Emissions from biomass burning, the estimation concerns solely CH 4 and N 2 O. Currently, the 2006 IPCC Software offers an estimation of emissions from burning solely on the basis of area burnt, while the entry in terms of biomass burnt is not possible. 1) Select subcategory type (e.g. biomass burning in forest land, rice cultivations, etc) from left window. This will bring up the worksheets to be filled. Available area should be filled from previous entries in the Land Type Manager. 2) Select the drop down tab for Gas 3) Fill the worksheets using defaults provided or country specific data. 4) Repeat for other subcategories. For category 3.C.2 Liming currently offers a fully flexible way of emission estimation for all Land Types concerned (see below). 18
For category 3.C.7, rice cultivations is provided (panel below). Additional points to remember when working with AFOLU sector in the IPCC Inventory Software: 19
1) Calculating uncertainties When developing uncertainty estimates, follow the guidance in Chapter 3, Volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The software allows for manual entry of percent uncertainity at the subcategory level (e.g. Forest land Remaining Forest land or Grassland Converted to Cropland). These uncertainties therefore have to be estimated outside of the software using appropriate techniques. 2) If data for all years of an inventory are not available, please consult Chapter 5, Volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for methods to develop consistent time series, namely data splicing techniques including extrapolation, interpolation and use of surrogate data for gap filling. If a complete time series in not available, these data have to be estimated outside of the software using appropriate techniques. 3) In land manager, the methods are Tier 2 compatible with the exception of NOT including the stock change method (Tier 2 method) and some assumptions that are not applied/applied. 4) The software works best with Approach 2 for identifying lands (not spatially explicit, but know the land use transitions) 5) Annual area table data must be equal or less than Area entry table data. Some FAQ: Q. What is the definition of continental and insular and how are they applied in the software? Q. What if you have two dominant species that define a land type? A. The key point is that homogeneous subcategories should be created for determining C stocks. If the C stocks for the species are different, and you can delineate the areas in which they occur and are changing, then define as subcategories. If not, then determine the C stock of this type of land. Q. Can you input spreadsheets from earlier years? A. No, have to do it manually. Q. What if you started with 1996 GLs. How can the software be used with 1996 GLs? A. It is advised to recalculate based on 2006 GLs. Q. What if you don t have the same land coverage between 1996 GLs and 2006 GLs in the land use matrix? A. Doesn t need to be completely filled out, but likely get different results. 20
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