Presentation in the 2 nd International Energy Conference Power POEM 2013 Technical and feasibility analysis of gasoline and natural gas fuelled vehicles by Dr Charalambos A. Chasos, Prof. G.N. Karagiorgis and Prof. C.N. Christodoulou Mechanical Engineering Department, Frederick University 8 October, 2013, Nicosia, Cyprus 1
INTRODUCTION - Objectives - Rationale METHODOLOGY Technical model Economical model RESULTS Case study Technical analysis Economical analysis CONTENTS November Power CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION: - Objectives Examine adaptation of natural gas vehicles in large scale Assess the emissions levels with the two different types of vehicles (gasoline and natural gas) Assess the feasibility of large scale adaptation of natural gas vehicles Recommend practices for adaptation of natural gas vehicles for replacing conventional vehicles 3
INTRODUCTION: - Rationale Large natural gas reserves in the Cyprus EEZ Fossil-fuel dependent economies, and renewable and alternative fuels usage including natural gas could be beneficial Climate change phenomena are severe and measures and investigations for reducing harmful emissions are expected Why? Lower and cleaner emissions (uhc, smoke, particles, CO, NOx) are required How? Carry out technical and economical analysis for natural gas vehicles adaptation 4
METHODOLOGY: - Technical model The technical model uses: - the physical properties of the two fuels (Gasoline and natural gas) - the thermal efficiency of gasoline and natural gas ICE. November Power The technical model calculates: - The quantity of mass of the required natural gas in Kg per year which is to be supplied to the natural gas fuelled vehicles - The resulting CO2 exhaust gas emissions 5
METHODOLOGY: - Technical model Equation Parameter the annual total energy of the imported fuel, Q f f is the annual total quantity of gasoline fuel imported for transportation Power Options for the Eastern the Mediterranean annual energy produced by all the November Power vehicles, and n is the thermal efficiency Options for the Eastern Mediterranean of gasoline Region ICE the quantity of mass of the required natural gas in Kg per year which is to be supplied to the natural gas fuelled vehicles N C is the number of carbon atoms for the fuel, M CO2 is the molecular weight of carbon dioxide, and M f is the molecular weight of the fuel 6
METHODOLOGY: - Economical model The economical model uses: - The quantity of mass of the required natural gas in Kg per year which is to be supplied to the natural gas fuelled vehicles (calculated from the technical model) November Power - The number of the natural gas vehicles fleet - The natural gas price - The discount rate and inflation rate - The number of natural gas filling stations - The length of the natural gas piping network 7
METHODOLOGY: - Economical model The economical model calculates: - The capital cost of the large scale investment by the Republic - The annual income from the natural gas fuel sales November Power and annual savings in CO 2 emissions fines -The net present value (NPV) of the investment -The internal rate of return of the investment 8
RESULTS: - Case study November Power The available natural gas reserves of Cyprus EEZ can replace other fossil fuels (Diesel and Gasoline) and avoid fuel imports 9
RESULTS: - Case study November Power Natural gas pipeline network planned development on the south coast of Cyprus for power generation. For large scale adaptation of natural gas vehicles, natural gas piping network with special filling stations will be required to be erected. 10
RESULTS: - Case study The largest amount of fuel import is for gasoline November Power 11
RESULTS: - Case study The majority of vehicles is fuelled with gasoline November Power 12
RESULTS: - Case study Data for the analyses November Power 13
RESULTS: - Scenarios The analysis is performed on an annual basis and a 25 years period of operation of the new technology from the base year is examined. For the base year 2013, average data for a year to present was used. At the first scenario, 25 % of the gasoline ICE vehicles fleet to be replaced Power Options by for the new Eastern natural Mediterranean gas vehicles At the second November scenario, 2012, Limassol, 50 % CyprusPower of the gasoline ICE vehicles fleet POEM to 2012 be Conference replaced 19-21 by November new natural gas vehicles At the third scenario, all 100% of the gasoline ICE vehicles fleet to be replaced by new natural gas vehicles The effect of the reduced selling price of natural gas by 25 % and 50% on the investment is also studied. 14
RESULTS: - Technical analysis Quantity of fuel as function of the number of introduced natural gas vehicles. November Power 15
RESULTS: - Technical analysis Quantity of emitted CO 2 from gasoline and natural gas vehicles as function of the number of introduced natural gas vehicles November Power 16
RESULTS: - Economical analysis Net present value of the investment as function of the introduced number of natural gas vehicles for each scenario November Power 17
RESULTS: - Economical analysis Internal rate of return of the investment as function of the introduced number of natural gas vehicles for each scenario November Power 18
RESULTS: - Economical analysis Net present value of the investment as function of natural gas selling price for the scenario of the introduction of 200000 natural gas vehicles November Power 19
RESULTS: - Economical analysis Internal rate of return of the investment as function of natural gas selling price for the scenario of the introduction of 200000 natural gas vehicles. November Power 20
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS When natural gas fuel is employed, then the mass of fuel required to empower vehicles is slightly reduced. Introducing natural gas vehicles will result in reduced carbon dioxide emissions, thus the new technology will contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse effect. Introducing natural vehicles at large scale will result in November Power avoiding the imports of fossil fuel for transportation applications and the Cyprus national economy will be benefited, since almost 25 % of fuel imports are used for transportation. The investment in large scale adaptation of natural gas vehicles will require a complete new infrastructure which will rely on other technologies such as liquefaction plants and natural gas storage and transportation system. 21
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The investment is expected to be feasible, given that substantial number of new natural gas vehicles are introduced. The adaptation of the new technology is expected to be gradual and incentives by the EU and the local government should be given to the consumers, in order to achieve large scale adaptation of natural gas vehicles. Further investigations Power Options of natural for the gas Eastern ICE Mediterranean are required in order to achieve improved November engine 2012, designs Limassol, optimised CyprusPower to operate with natural gas which is expected Options for to the improve Eastern Mediterranean thermal efficiency Region and life expectancy of the POEM engine. 2012 Conference The investigations 19-21 November include experiments, simulations and 2012, analysis Limassol, of direct-injection Cyprus natural gas ICE operating at increased compression ratio and with advanced supercharging systems. Further economical analysis is recommended including examination of operation and maintenance costs of the infrastructure of natural gas fuelling, as well as associated costs for the utilization of the envisaged liquefaction plant for the supply of the fuel. 22
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION November Power QUESTIONS 23