How can we make a difference? Exploring Sustainable Development Goals Thorkild Tylleskär CIH, UiB
People Planet Prosperity Peace Partnership
United Nations (UN) The United Nations (UN) was established on 24 October 1945 Based on the Charter of the United Nations 70 th Anniversary was held in New York HQ 25 27 September 2015
The UN Charter We the peoples of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, And for these ends to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, Have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.
Prominent Scandinavian presence Trygve Lie Norway 1st Secretary General 1946 1952 Dag Hammarskjöld Sweden 2nd Secretary General 1952 1961
Also in WHO Halfdan Mahler Denmark Director General of WHO 1973 1988 Alma Ata Declaration 1978 Gro Harlem Brundtland Norway Director General of WHO 1998 2003
UN A unique organisation The only one which can allow to intervene inside a state Is said to be weak but it is the best you will ever get Becomes weak when boycotted and stripped of funds
UN 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata (WHO) 1987 Brundtland Commission Our Common Future 1992 Rio Conference on Environment & Development 1990 Convention on the Rights of the Child 2000 Millennium Declaration 2012 Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20
The UN idea We can do it together A method: Setting targets and then try to reach them Smallpox eradication Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
MDG4: Reduce child mortality Target 4 Reduce by 2/3, between 1990 and 2015, the under five years old mortality rate, from 93 children of every 1,000 dying to 31 of every 1,000
MDGs 4 (child mortality) Too slow progress
Stillborns in the world
Lancet 2011
Uganda (PLoS ONE 6(5): e19674) Burkina Faso (BMC Preg & Childbirth 2010, 10:45) Stillbirth rate/ 1000 pregnancies Early neonatal deaths/ 1000 live born 19 22 41 54 27 79 Perinatal deaths/ 1000 pregnancie s
Children dying in our study Burkina Faso 80% had never been to school 36% gave birth in clinic 49/895 stillborns 23/895 dies 1 st day/week Uganda 80% had 6 years schooling 41% gave birth in clinic 16/835 stillborns 18/835 dies 1 st day/week
Lancet online 9 April 2016
Figure 1
Figure 7
Linking MDGs to SDGs
Introduction 1. We, the Heads of State and Government and High Representatives, meeting at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 25 27 September 2015 as the Organization celebrates its seventieth anniversary, have decided today on new global Sustainable Development Goals.
Our vision 7. In these Goals and targets, we are setting out a supremely ambitious and transformational vision. We envisage a world free of poverty, hunger, disease and want, where all life can thrive. We envisage a world free of fear and violence. A world with universal literacy. A world with equitable and universal access to quality education at all levels, to health care and social protection, where physical, mental and social well being are assured. A world where we reaffirm our commitments regarding the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation and where there is improved hygiene; and where food is sufficient, safe, affordable and nutritious. A world where human habitats are safe, resilient and sustainable and where there is universal access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy.
22.Each country faces specific challenges in its pursuit of sustainable development. The most vulnerable countries and, in particular, African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing states deserve special attention, as do countries in situations of conflict and post conflict countries. There are also serious challenges within many middleincome countries.
A call for action to change our world 52. We the Peoples are the celebrated opening words of the UN Charter. It is We the Peoples who are embarking today on the road to 2030. Our journey will involve Governments as well as Parliaments, the UN system and other international institutions, local authorities, indigenous peoples, civil society, business and the private sector, the scientific and academic community and all people. Millions have already engaged with, and will own, this Agenda. It is an Agenda of the people, by the people, and for the people and this, we believe, will ensure its success.
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under 5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water borne diseases and other communicable diseases 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well being 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes 3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
People Planet Prosperity Peace Partnership
Ban Ki Moon: There is no Plan B, because there is no Planet B!