Bttris i grl: Bttris How -bsd bttris work A rducig (gtiv) lctrod A oxidizig (positiv) lctrod A - th ioic coductor Rchrgbl bttris Rctios ust b rvrsibl Not too y irrvrsibl sid rctios Aod/cthod i rchrgbl bttris Th lctrods i rchrgbl bttris will chg btw big od d cthod dpdig o if th bttry is chrgd or dischrgd Th trs positiv d gtiv lctrod y b usd istd 1
Elctrods Elctrods Ngtiv lctrod I bttry, th positiv lctrod withdrws Positiv lctros fro th gtiv. lctrod (ii this cs fro Ngtiv lctrod I bttry, th positiv lctrod withdrws Positiv lctros fro th gtiv. lctrod I this cs fro Elctro trsport Elctro trsport + - Ngtiv lctrod Th lctros c ot ov Positiv through th, lctrod oly through th xtrl circuit - Ngtiv lctrod Th lctros c ot ov Positiv through th, lctrod oly through th xtrl circuit 2
Elctro trsport Elctro trsport - - Ngtiv lctrod Th lctros c ot ov Positiv through th, lctrod oly through th xtrl circuit Ngtiv lctrod Th lctros c ot ov Positiv through th, lctrod oly through th xtrl circuit Elctro trsport - Elctro trsport - Ngtiv lctrod Th lctros c ot ov Positiv through th, lctrod oly through th xtrl circuit Ngtiv lctrod Th lctros c ot ov Positiv through th, lctrod oly through th xtrl circuit 3
Elctro trsport Io trsport Ngtiv lctrod - Th lctros c ot ov Positiv through th, lctrod oly through th xtrl circuit If ios do ot follow fro - th gtiv to th positiv Ngtiv Positiv lctrod, th cll rctio lctrod lctrod will stop. Io trsport Two kids of chrg trsport Ngtiv lctrod If ios do ot follow fro - th gtiv to th positiv Positiv lctrod, th cll rctio Ngtiv Positiv Th trs positiv d lctrod will stop. lctrod lctrod gtiv lctrod y b isldig. (Frdy) 4
Two kids of chrg trsport Two kids of chrg trsport Ngtiv lctrod To bgi with, both Positiv lctrods r lctriclly lctrod utrl. (Thy hv qul outs of positiv d gtiv prticls) Ngtiv lctrod Th tr positiv lctrod s tht this lctrod Positiv cotis sothig tht lctrod ttrcts lctros. Two such xpls r Cu 2+ r Co 4+ Two kids of chrg trsport Two kids of chrg trsport Ngtiv lctrod Wh lctros r pulld - ovr, th lctrods will b Positiv chrgd i wy tht stops lctrod y furthr rctio Ngtiv lctrod (O y sy tht th - positiv lctrod gts Positiv gtiv chrg, d th lctrod gtiv lctrod gts positiv chrg) 5
Two kids of chrg trsport Two kids of chrg trsport Ngtiv lctrod - Th io trsport qulizs Positiv th chrg d llows th lctrod rctio to go o. Ngtiv lctrod - Th io trsport qulizs Positiv th chrg d llows th lctrod rctio to go o. Ngtiv lctrod Two kids of chrg trsport Positiv lctrod s i grl hv - low coductivity, d should b thi, with lrg surfc (ot log d rrow) -bsd bttris Oxidtio (gtiv lctrod): + - Rductio (positiv lctrod): Cosists of copouds cotiig trsitio tls with or th o oxidtio stt. E.g. coblt: Co 4+ + - Co 3+ 6
Uchrgd bttry Chrgig - Ngtiv lctrod d of grphit Positiv lctrod d of CoO2 + - CoO2 cotis d Co 3+ ios Wh th bttry is chrgd, lctros d -ios r «pupd» ovr to th grphit lctrod d ks -tl Siultously, Co 3+ is oxidizd to Co 4+ Chrgig - Chrgig - + - + - Wh th bttry is chrgd, lctros d -ios r «pupd» ovr to th grphit lctrod d ks -tl Siultously, Co 3+ is oxidizd to Co 4+ Wh th bttry is chrgd, lctros d -ios r «pupd» ovr to th grphit lctrod d ks -tl Siultously, Co 3+ is oxidizd to Co 4+ 7
Chrgig - Dischrg - + - + - Wh th bttry is chrgd, lctros d -ios r «pupd» ovr to th grphit lctrod d ks -tl Siultously, Co 3+ is oxidizd to Co 4+ Co 4+ is strog oxidtio gt (ttrcts lctros powrfully), d is sily oxidizd. This givs -coblt bttris high voltg (Norlly bout 3,7 V) Dischrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Co 4+ is strog oxidtio gt (withdrws lctros powrfully), d is sily oxidizd. This givs -coblt bttris high voltg (Norlly bout 3,7 V) Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris 8
Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris 9
Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris 10
Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris 11
Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Dischrg / Chrg - Dischrg / Chrg - + - + - Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris Ths bttris c b chrgd d dischrgd y tis, d is sotis clld Rockig chir bttris 12
-bsd bttris Ngtiv lctrod Thir copots: tiu is vry rctiv (rducig gt), but wh solvd (itrcltd) i grphit, it c b usd sfly i bttris. Elctros d c sily ov ito d out fro th grphit lctrod Nt rctio: + - All bttris ust hv with good ioic coductivity, but o lctroic coductivity I old-fshiod bttris, this could b ppr oistd with slt solutio Sic rcts strogly with wtr, th s i -bsd bttris r ithr solid, or solutio of copoud i orgic solvt. Positiv lctrod Th positiv lctrod cotis trsitio tl bl to switch btw two oxidtio stts (Co,,F, Ni, V...) It ust b coductor, d hv th bility to solv (itrclt). CoO2 is coo lctrod tril with t rctio: + - - + 13
odr bttris r d i y shps d sizs Iprovig -bsd bttris Wht r th probls? f ti -bsd bttris oly lst for fw yrs bcus of: Irrvrsibl rctios durig chrgig d durig hvy dischrgig - d t high tprturs Prforc High powr c giv irrvrsibl dg liits th us i.g. lctric vhicls s should hv high coductc d rsist high tprturs 14
Rchrg ti supply High powr d tprturs giv irrvrsibl dg Rsultig i log rchrg ti Th worlds supply of is liitd Altrtivs r tstd (.g. K, g, Al og N) Dsig To chiv bttr proprtis, lctrods, s d bttry dsig ust b optiizd o trils y b usd to solv so of ths probls Itrcltio i grphit Grphit is crbo with lyrd structur I btw ths lyrs, thr is ough spc for.g. - or K-ios to ov i d out This is clld itrcltio, d is iportt ftur i bttry lctrods O to c b itrcltd for vry 6th crbo to: C6 + + - C6 15
C C6 Itrcltio i lithiu coblt oxid thiu coblt oxid s forul is CoO2 ios r itrcltd btw lyrs of coblt oxid Fro bov Sid viw O O Co CoO2 ios btw lyrs of coblt oxid Itrcltio i lithiu coblt oxid High voltg y forc lctros d ios out fro this structur Siilrly, coblt ios r oxidizd fro Co 3+ to Co 4+ 16
thiu-bsd bttris Rpidly dvlopig tchology O of svrl proisig bttry tchologis 17