Reports of individual Workshops Workshop No.: Place and Date: Topic: 2005-09-02-İSTANBUL Subcontract number FIF 20040814 İSTANBUL, TURKEY 2 nd September, 2005 Eco-design Activities in the SMEs of the Electrical/Electronics Sector Description of the selection of the location Istanbul is the most crowded and industrialized area of Turkey. Turkish Electronic Industrialists Association states the number of companies, which are member of them in the sector to be 88 (24 of them are outside of Istanbul). In addition to this TÜBİTAK MAM s database has 200 SMEs working in the electronics sector just at Istanbul. Number of Companies (12/2004) Production (2004, 1000$) Components 25 225000 Consumer Electronic 15 4293500 Telecommunication Eq. 35 975000 Other prof. and ind. Eq. 44 460000 Defence Electronics 19 433000 Computers 3 427740 Sum 6814640 İSTANBUL ANKARA BURSA MANİSA İZMİR Components 20 4 - - 1 Consumer 12 - - 2 1 equipments Telecommunicatio 30 5 - - - 1
Equipments and Telecom Operato 3 - - - - Information 12 2 - - - tech. &Software R&D Professioanal 20 8 2 - - Industrial Eqipments Military and 3 1 - - - Defence Electronics Computers 2 - - 1 - Power 7 1 - - - supplies,ups Alarm and Security Systems 2 2 - - - 2
Preparatory work for accessing the target population (information, publicity activities, method of advertisement) Information about this workshop in Turkey has been circulated as follows: The workshop program and invitation letter has been sent by fax and email about 200 companies (mostly SMEs) and Turkish Electronic Industrialists Association by fax message from TÜBİTAK MAM s database. In addition to companies, the workshop information sent by fax and emails messages to the universities electronics departments in Istanbul and Ankara. The workshop info and program has been published on TÜBİTAK MAM web page, İSTANBUL and Ankara SMEs trade centres web page. Workshop invitation letter including info and program was send to Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Industry, and Prime Ministry State Planning Organization. Besides this the ministries have been visited personally for giving the detailed information face to face to make them more interested in coming to the workshop. Workshop posters have been sent to SMEs centres and universities to put on their advertisement boards. The workshop program was also distributed to TÜBİTAK MAM research institutes internally. 3
Material presented in the workshop During the workshop we submitted to all the participants bound hand-outs, containing: Agenda of the workshop Text: an introduction to EcoDesign Strategies- Why, what and how? (In Turkish) A Guide for eco-design Tools (in English) Printouts of the PowerPoint-presentations held by the Fraunhofer IZM (In Turkish) Printouts of the following presentations: Andreas Middendorf: An introduction to Ecodesign Strategies-Why, what and how? (ppt presentation)(in Turkish) Şebnem Tantan Akbaş: Beko Elektronik teki Çevre Yönetim Sistemi Uygulamaları: Tasarım ve Üretim Örnekleri(Beko Elektronics Case Study) Ersin Köseoğlu: Vestel Elektronik te Doğa Uyumlu Elektronik Ürün Uygulamaları(Vestel Electronics Case Study) İlknur Baylakoğlu: Doğa Uyumlu Elektronik Ürün Güvenilirliği (Reliability Considerations in Ecodesign)-TÜBİTAK MAM Feedback Questionnaire In the discussion section, Ministry of Environment and SMEs representative made a speech with presentation. 4
Participation summary Registered companies/organizations for participation in the workshop: 51 Participants in the workshop: 52+10(TÜBİTAK MAM employees) Of them representatives of: Research Inst.: 4 Large Companies: 5, occupied with: Consumer Electronics, Components, Computers, Household appliance, Power Supplies SME companies: 24 Ministries: 3 Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Industry and Trade and Prime Ministry State Planning Organization. This workshop was the first one on Eco design in Turkey, and most of the participants came from Istanbul area, but the ones coming from ministries were from Ankara, and few people were from Manisa, and Ankara as big company and SME representatives. 5
Minutes of discussion and conclusions of the workshop Question from Mikrosay (SME company) to representative of Ministry of Environment Ms. Şükran Acar: Can you explain in short the procedure to calculate the market shares within the WEEE regulation? Answer: There are certain companies in different markets and those companies dominate 95% of the Turkish market place. We know their market share in terms of volume and when I say legacy or historical waste those products have been manufactured in the past. Now there is no producer any more or have gone bankruptcy, so no one owns the product so those products ay there is a scale of 100. And say Arçelik has 40 % market share there is a given deadline and during the calculation since Arçelik has more market share, Arçelik would pay 40% of the total cost of the legacy waste products. Question from Alko Elektronik (SME company) to representative of Ministry of Environment Ms. Şükran Acar: Our company has focused on industrial control devices. Is our product included or excluded from the directives? Answer: There are 10 categories of products included. In the annex we elaborate the detailed coverage of our regulation. But then within the regulation there is a definition of electrical and electronic products. In short: Any equipment, which uses electricity even a short period of time if you want to scrap it, it is WEEE. Question from Alko Elektronik (SME company) the same question to Mr. Middendorf. I want to receive a clarification. For our business there are 4 or 5 other companies. Do you think our products are included within the current directives or not? First of all it is necessary to look over different regulations, i.e. ROHS, WEEE and EUP shuold be looked over separetly. EUP is very easy, if less than 200000 devices of this kind are sold on the European market this product group will not be covered by implementing measures. Most probably you are not included in EUP. You will be definitely covered by WEEE legislation, but be aware of the different requirements regarding B2B and B2C. In ROHS, there are some exemptions, such as infrastructure 6
systems, telecom systems, military systems. Now a days some additioanal exeptions are also in the ajenda. But there are such a fact that all the components market is changing to lead free, so you will be in a position to use these leadfree components anyhow. Ministry of Environment said at this point the following: Before we issue our legislation we will announce it on our website and we will receive feedback and comments from all the stakeholders. I believe until the end of the year you will have the opportunity to analyse our regulation and please feel free to communicate your views to us. Mr. Middendorf added the below sentences at this point: I have a comment. If you are working for industry B2B, then you are responsible for all life cycle of your product, and your customer will say to you after 10 year that you should come to my factory and take back your product and recycle this. Then you need some certifications to do this according to eco design requirements. I recommend you to look to your business in a different way. Entes Elektronik (SME) owner made a speech representing SMEs. He mentioned about how quickly changes the electronic products, electromagnetic pollution and the application problems of legislation at SMEs, because of difficulties to afford the necessary organization. He mentioned that they need support for compliance with these regulations. Ministry of Industry and Trade representative mentioned about their thoughts on how environment and environmentally friend products are important, their studies on CE marking and EMC and LVD regulations are also on their agenda. He also mentioned about their relationship with KOSGEB to support SMEs. State Planning Institution representative mentioned about how SMEs can be supported for science and research with TÜBİTAK. He mentioned about university, research center and company business partnership models to get support. Andreas Middendorf mentioned about their working groups for SMEs, which are very effective for the companies. He recommended such a working group in Turkey to share the experience with each other. 7
Findings during the general discussion: This workshop was very beneficial for the awareness of ecodesign and related EU directives both by SMEs and ministries. This workshop is initiative for the further studies such as establishing working groups in SMEs and more detailed workshops in not later than 6 month. We have received 31 feedback questionnaires, of them 16 from SMEs. The main messages of the workshop that the participants have mentioned in their feedback forms: They need support for the ROHS and WEEE directives applications. Protecting environment Design period importance awareness for environment Participants missed especially: Time was not enough, Fraunhofer presentation should be longer More detailed info for recycling issues. More technical issues should be presented about ROHS and WEEE. It was appreciated by most of the participants to continue this dialog with a follow-up workshop within 6 months. 8
Detailed description of the experience (such as similar finished projects, successful cases of introduction of eco-design in SMEs) This workshop was the first one for eco design for the most of the participants. But, big companies have some implementation of ROHS and WEEE directives in their factories, unfortunately SMEs have heard about these directives but they do not have any application yet. Some of the SMEs are working on supply chain issues and some of them are familiar with ISO14000 applications. BEKO Electronics and Vestel Electronics already have their ROHS and WEEE related implementations. BEKO Electronics presented Implementation of Environmental management systems at BEKO as industry initiative, generally BEKO presentation was covering standardisation, supply chain issues, self obligations and etc. The details are given below: Initiative description: Quality road : in 1983 - Quality circles in 1991 - ISO 9001 Quality Management System certification - SGS Yarsley, in 1994 - Environmental Management System certification - SGS Yarsley, in 1999 - National Environmental Prize, in 2003 - OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety system certification in 2004 - Social Accountability SA 8000 certication, in 2005 BRC certification. Achived goals /improvements: Raw material and waste Minimization and waste recycling in the process. Examples are given below: - Using ion exchange, HCL is used again in the process, copper dross are recycled. - defective plastic parts are recycled and used as raw material - defective systropor are recycled and used as raw material - to minimize the quantity of broken cathode ray tubes, vacuum equipment are used. Relevancy for EE SMEs: Some mechanical and electronical design improvements are mentioned such as using recyclable materials, using non-hazardous materials, using less components Follow up activities: to comply with WEEE and RoHS regulation, several 9
implementations are fulfilled such as declaration guide, incoming and outgoing quality criteria, suppliers training and information. TÜBİTAK MAM presentation was focused on the reliability consideration. Achived goals/improvements: Providing awareness for the necessary reliability issues including materials, processes and life time of the products when the ROHS compliant products are produced. Relevancy for EE SMEs: To make EE SMEs aware of ROHS directive and reliability issues of this new application such as whiskering, electrochemical migration, and life time changes and also new alternate alloy and production process issues. We expect more case studies in the next workshop after this awareness workshop. Vestel Electronis presented their supply chain issues, reliability issues, their implementations in the processes and machinery investment for ROHS directive. Their presentation was also including energy consumption saving and WEEE directive implementation in their company. Proposals for follow-up activities in the area in the given location Most of the participants are interested in a more detailed workshop and initiating working groups for research projects. In very short time TUBİTAK MAM wants to lead such a working group with the support of EU and Fraunhofer. It seems to consider reliability and supply chain issues in ecodesign activities are topics of interest. Besides them ecodesign tools and ecodesign exercises may also be another working group topic. A clear concept for such working groups still has to be drafted, but in general, the interest for inter-industrial cooperations has been much larger in this event than in many others. 10