Eco-design (DfE) Training toolkit Nordplus, GreenIcon project

Transcription

1 Eco-design (DfE) Training toolkit Nordplus, GreenIcon project Helena Mälkki Aalto yliopisto/ 1 Eco-design Eco-design can be defined as an activity aimed at lowering the environmental load of products/functionalities over their life cycle. Designing to improve the quality of life today, without compromising the quality of life of tomorrow Aalto yliopisto/ 2 1

2 What is Eco-design (DfE)? DFE means systematic integration of environmental objectives into the design of products, processes and services. DFE practices are intended to develop environmentally compatible products and processes while maintaining or improving cost, performance and quality standards. DFE aims to satisfy the requirements of customers and other stakeholders in a way which causes less environmental impact. DFE involves using design practices leading to minimized material and energy use as well as maximized reuse and recycling Aalto yliopisto/ 3 Why apply eco-design (DfE)? Growing pressures and icentives for business to improve its environmental performance market advantage customers are imposing environmental requirements on their suppliers (ISO 14001) eco-labelling schemes require information from suppliers add value by reducing energy and waste costs Potential cost savings Environmental regulations (toxic and hazardous substances) EU directives, regulations RoHS and WEEE directives, producer responsibility, packaging regulations, etc Aalto yliopisto/ 4 2

3 Planning procedure and phases of DfE to identify and perform environmental targets to identify and perform general targets to set starting point of design to meet requirements of environmental legislation, customers etc. to make checking lists during the process to plan indicators to meet targets to utilise iterative process to apply systematic approach to develop continuous improvement Aalto yliopisto/ 5 Eco-design (DfE) principles Quantity -Dematerialization Minimising energy intensity Promoting recycling Minimizing material intensity Maximizing the use of renewable resources DfE Increasing the efficiency of processes Extension of product durability Quality -Detoxification Minimising the use of toxic substances Aalto yliopisto/ 6 3

4 Eco-design (DfE) principles In line with the seven eco-efficiency principles of World Business Council for Sustainable Development Minimizing energy intensity Minimizing the material intensity of goods and services Extension of product durability Increasing the efficiency of processes Minimizing toxic dispersion Promoting recycling Maximizing the use of renewable resources Aalto yliopisto/ 7 Reasons of eco-design Ecological Reasons Currently, we "spend" far more environment than we have. Facts prove that to secure an intact environment for the future, we must reduce "environment spending" now. Economical Reasons Companies acknowledge a number of motives for applying ECODESIGN: Confidence of the stakeholders, shareholders and customers, opening up new business sectors, an advantage in competition, maximizing profits, high cost of raw materials and energy and reduction of material input Social Reasons ECODESIGN provides socially compatible conditions and quality of life, job creation and protection and is a precondition for socially and politically steadyness. Aalto yliopisto/ 8 4

5 Action levels of Eco-design Product level At this level direct product improvements are possible through design of cycles (reuse, recycling), durability, reduction of material and energy use and avoiding toxicities. Interface between product and user At this level implementation takes place by involving the user into product development e. g. consideration of the user needs, development of new technological systems for new ways of utilization like leasing. Regional level Including the region into product development by using local resources (raw materials, know-how, labor,...) and taking the local needs into account may enable identification with the products. Aalto yliopisto/ 9 Eco-design guidelines - TOOLS Life Cycle Assessment is recommended for in depth quantitative analysis. LCA is a systematic approach for integrated environmental analysis. Designers need simplified tools in their daily work. For this purpose the Eco-indicator method and the ECO-it screening tool are developed. 10 Guidelines for Eco-design can be characterized as the result of life cycle thinking. Aalto yliopisto/ 10 5

6 10 Golden Guidelines for Eco-design Do not design products, but life cycles 2. Natural materials are not always better 3. Energy consumption: often underestimated 4. Increase product life time 5. Do not design products, but services 6. Use a minimum of material 7. Use recycled materials 8. Make your product recyclable 9. Ask stupid questions 10. Become an O2 member! Aalto yliopisto/ 11 EU Integrated Product Policy, IPP) New productrelated issues Integration along life-cycle across environmental media across product-related policy fields of tools Explicit product-related environmental issues of Implicit product-related environmental issues of Waste policy Process policy Chemicals control Consumer protection Sustainable consumtion Health and safety Energy policy Traffic policy Integrated Aalto yliopisto/helena Product Mälkki Policy 2010 (IPP) 12 6

7 EU: Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directives: REACH Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals 2007 EuP Energy using Products RoHS Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Aalto yliopisto/ 13 Directives WEEE Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment RoHS Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment EuP Energy using Products Paristo- ja akkudirektiivi Directive on batteries and accumulators REACH (asetus) Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of CHemicals Aalto yliopisto/ 14 7

8 Guides, checklists (CEN, CENELEC, ETSI) CEN-guide 4 Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards CEN-guide Consideration of environmental aspects in standards; includes a checklist for evaluating environmental aspects ISO-guide 64 Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards IEC-guide 109 Environmental aspects - Inclusion in electro-technical product standards IEC-guide 113 Materials declaration questionnaires Basic guidelines ISO TR Environmental management. Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development Nimi xx.x.2010 Aalto yliopisto/ 15 Table 1. The environmental checklist Aalto yliopisto/ 16 8

9 Managing of Requirements Which demands are made on my enterprise? Aalto yliopisto/ 17 9