PROFESSIONAL ARBORIST ROPES THE STRONGEST NAME IN ROPE

PROFESSIONAL ARBORIST ROPES THE STRONGEST NAME IN ROPE

SAMSON PROFESSIONAL ARBORIST ROPES The Strongest Name in Rope That s not just a catchy slogan. Samson engineers are constantly developing new combinations of fibers, coatings and constructions to provide the arborist industry with products that outperform all others.

contents Climbing Lines... 4 Samson Climbing Lines... 5 ArborMaster... 6 Velocity... 7 True-Blue... 8 Arbor-Plex... 9 Tenex (Single End)/Tech-12... 10 Climbing Accessories... 11 Climbing Systems... 12 Climbing Hitches and Terminations... 13 Rigging Lines... 14 Samson Rigging Lines... 15 Tenex TEC... 16 Rope Tools... 17 Stable Braid... 18 Arbor-Plex... 19 Pro-Master... 20 Tree-Master... 21 THE SAMSON ADVANTAGE: PROVEN PERFORMANCE IN THE TOUGHEST SITUATIONS Whether you re climbing or rigging, the arborist s worksite is a tough place for rope. Running through crotches and against bark is abrasive on any rope. Supporting and controlling descending loads while providing reasonable working life and a margin of security is critical. Samson s proven performance provides the safety, security and durability professional arborists rely on day in and day out. For over 125 years, Samson has led the way in developing high performance cordage products to meet the most demanding applications in the world. All Samson ropes carry the legacy of our experience in industries as diverse as commercial and recreational marine, safety and rescue, utilities, even the space program. We ve built an organization offering unprecedented levels of engineering support, technical expertise, superior customer service and aftermarket support to global customers. Great products tailored to the application Samson is the only major international cordage company that has a staff of dedicated application engineers. Their job is to understand the unique circumstances of a customer s application, suggest current products that will fulfill the requirements, or assist in the development of new products to meet the customer s needs. It is this dedication to problem solving and new product development that is at the heart of the Samson Advantage. additional resources... 22 Technical Information... 22 Rope Life Factors... 24 Inspection and Retirement... 25 Rope Handling... 27 Samson application engineers work together with the most advanced research and development organization in the industry, leading in the development of lighter, stronger, longer lasting ropes for high performance applications. Samson has pioneered the use of new synthetic fibers, unique constructions and innovative coatings to produce a steady stream of major new product introductions. A commitment to the arborist industry Samson s commitment to the arborist goes beyond producing the widest variety of products specifically engineered for the industry. We are committed to supporting industry association programs like those sponsored by the TCIA and ISA and training by ArborMaster Training, Inc. Samson also holds a seat on the ANSI Z133 accredited standards committee. This commitment helps us understand the unique needs of the professional arborist, while informing and educating our users in the safe and effective use of our products. From products proven to perform in the workplace, to our commitment to the professional development of the industry, it s all part of the Samson Advantage. samsonrope.com 3

samson climbing lines climbing lines SAMSON: Working with arborists on solutions to real-world problems. Climbing lines have come a long way from the three-strand manila that was prevalent in the early seventies. It was during that time that Samson was asked to develop a new synthetic line to replace the manila climbing lines in use by arborists. We consulted with professional arborists, universities, and distributors. After fourteen months and seven design evaluations, Arbor-Plex emerged as the first synthetic braided rope designed specifically as a climbing line for the arborist. With Industry acceptance of Arbor-Plex, Samson saw the demand for a higher strength, lower stretch climbing line that would allow good visual recognition. True-Blue was developed in response to that demand. Tree-Master followed for those traditionalists who preferred a three strand, but wanted the increased strength and lower stretch of modern synthetics. Samson continues to listen to the professional arborist... Today, the acceptance of modern climbing techniques and systems has inspired the development of a braided rope construction with maximum flexibility while maintaining a firm round shape during use. ArborMaster, designed with the help of ArborMaster Training, fills that need with a climbing line available in three color combinations for maximum visibility. The latest member of the Samson family of climbing lines is Velocity, a unique, lighter weight double braid climbing line, designed with sure grip technology to come out of the bag with the feel of a well broken-in rope. Shortly after its introduction, Velocity was used to set new World s records for both men and women in the secured footlock climbing event at the ISA s 28th International Tree Climbing Championships. the samson advantage Samson is committed to meeting the challenges of the arborist Industry and assuring the highest quality climbing lines available. We are ISO 9001 certified and our climbing lines meet or exceed ANSI Standard Z133. It is our commitment to product development, compliance to industry standards and constant innovation that keeps us ahead of our competition. That s part of the Samson Advantage, and it s available in every product we make. 4

Samson climbing lines ArborMaster RED, BLACK, WHITE BLUE STREAK Premium 16-strand braided polyester construction with a uniquely stabilized nylon core. climbing lines GOLD STREAK Velocity COOL Premium 24-strand braided polyester construction, our lightest climbing line. HOT True-Blue 12-strand braided 100% polyester construction. Each strand consists of blue fiber plied over white fiber to assist detection of cover wear. Arbor-Plex 12-strand braided construction of plied polyester and polyolefin fibers. product Average Strength Average Strength / Working Load working load weight per 100 ft. [100m] ArborMaster (1/2") 8,100 lbs. [3,700Kg] 810 lbs. [370Kg] 7.7 lbs. [11.5Kg] Velocity (7/16") 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 600 lbs. [270Kg] 5.6 lbs. [8.3Kg] True-Blue (1/2") 7,300 lbs. [3,300Kg] 730 lbs. [330Kg] 8.8 lbs. [13.1Kg] Arbor-Plex (1/2") 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 600 lbs. [270Kg] 6.8 lbs. [10.1Kg] Strengths and working loads are for new, unused ropes. Elastic elongation* (% of breaking stength) Important note Climbing lines used for lowering operations: Lines designated for climbing should NOT be used as rigging lines, come-along ropes or bull ropes. Although some individual products are effective both for climbing and rigging, a particular piece of rope should never be used for climbing once it has been designated for rigging operations. PRODUCT 10% 20% 30% ArborMaster 2.50% 3.70% 5.10% Velocity 2.10% 3.20% 4.10% True-Blue 2.60% 3.00% 4.00% Arbor-Plex 3.00% 3.30% 4.20% *Based on rope stablized from 200D 2 samsonrope.com 5

ArborMaster climbing lines 16-STRAND BRAIDED POLYESTER CONSTRUCTION WITH STABILIZED NYLON CORE World-class champion climbers and professionals at ArborMaster Training worked closely with Samson engineers to develop the ultimate climbing line: ArborMaster. With your life and livelihood on the line, you can rely on ArborMaster to perform smoothly. You have the assurance that some of the best arborists in the business have designed this product with you and your needs in mind and they rely on it themselves.your equipment and tools should minimize climber fatigue, not contribute to it. This is why ArborMaster is built to a full 1/2" diameter. ArborMaster is a premium quality 16-stand line offering a smooth, durable surface to optimize footlock climbing. ArborMaster can be spliced both ends, right out of the bag (No milking.) (Not all 16-strand climbing lines are built this way.) This allows you to alternate the working end of the rope right from the start, which maximizes the service life of the rope. Made from specially treated polyester with a stabilized nylon core, ArborMaster is available in three, high-contrast color combinations: red/ black/white, Blue Streak, Gold Streak. Features n Maximum firmness for all climbing techniques n High visibilty in trees n Low stretch n Full size 1/2" diameter makes for an easy grip n Excellent knot-heat reistance n Available in spliced units n No milking n Maintains excellent service flexibility n Spliceable at both ends Progressive arborists use eye splices whenever possible and ArborMaster, with virtually no core cover slippage, can be spliced at both ends. Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 2.5% 3.7% 5.1% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT per average strength working LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] UNSPLICED spliced UNSPLICED spliced 1/2" 7.7 lbs. 8,100 lbs. 6,500 lbs. 810 lbs. 650 lbs. [12mm] [11.5Kg] [3,700Kg] [2,900Kg] [370Kg] [290Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 5' Polybag... Spliced 120' Polybag... Spliced/Unspliced 150' Polybag... Spliced/Unspliced 200' Polybag... Spliced/Unspliced 5" eye splice standard on spliced product allows girth hitching to the carabiner. Girth hitch helps to ensure line stays on carabiners spine avoiding side loading. 600' Reel... Unspliced Product Code: 348 Product Code: 347 (CE) Unspliced only 6

Velocity 24-strand braided polyester construction with nylon core Velocity is an 11mm (7/16" diameter) premium grade climbing line designed to offer tree care professionals quick and easy access to the tops of trees. Arborist s who prefer that broken in feeling will appreciate Samson's proprietary Sure Grip technology which gives Velocity that broken-in feeling the first time it is used. The light weight and firm construction offers the arborist exceptional footlocking capabilities, quick access, excellent knot holding ability and a spliced strength of 6,000 lbs. climbing line n 11mm size (7/16" diameter) n Sure Grip technology Features n Lightweight Quicker climbing Less fatigue Quick access Throws higher with greater accuracy n Excellent knot holding ability n Works well with hardware n Exceptional access line n Great for footlocking Frank Chipps, after setting a new world foot locking record on Velocity. Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 2.1% 3.2% 4.1% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] STRENGTH SPLICED SPLICED 7/16" 5.6 lbs. 6,000 lbs. 600 lbs. [11mm] [8.3Kg] [2700Kg] [270Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 5' Polybag... Spliced 120' Polybag... Spliced/Unspliced 150' Polybag... Spliced/Unspliced 200' Polybag... Spliced/Unspliced 600' Reel... Unspliced Samson s standard factory splice is a tight eye that ensures that your line will stay on the spine of the carabiner and not side load. Product Code: 349 Product Code: 351 (CE) Unspliced only samsonrope.com 7

True-Blue / True-White climbing lines 12-strand braided 100% polyester construction Each strand of True-Blue consists of blue fiber plied over white fiber to assist detection of cover wear True-Blue is an all polyester climbing rope with high strength, low stretch, excellent abrasion resistance and a long service life. It s got a great feel with good flexibility and knot holding abilities. The single braid construction eliminates the need for milking and stays firm and round in use. True-Blue can also be used for light duty rigging applications. True-Blue braided climbing line is a unique combination of solution dyed blue polyester fiber wrapped over white polyester in a Samson 12-Strand braid. The result is permanent color that won t fade or run, with high visibility in trees. Available by special order in white. Features n 100% polyester n Low stretch, high strength n No milking necessary n Stays firm and round in use n Maintains excellent flexibility n Maximum service life n Single braid n Can also be used for light/medium duty rigging operations Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 2.6% 3.0% 4.0% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] UNSPLICED unspliced 1/2" 8.8 lbs. 7,300 lbs. 730 lbs. [12mm] [13.1Kg] [3,300Kg] [330Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 120' Polybag... Unspliced 150' Polybag... Unspliced 600' Reel...Unspliced 2400' Drum... Unspliced Product Code: 342 (True-Blue) Product Code: 344 (True-White) 8

Arbor-Plex 12-strand braided polyester construction of plied polyester and polyolefin fibers The unique construction of Arbor-Plex wraps tough polyester jacket fibers around polyolefin center fibers creating a lightweight, high-strength rope with maximum resistance to wear and fiber fusing. Arbor-Plex uses a proprietary construction to tighten the braid and keep the rope round and firm for knot control and snag resistance. The outer polyester fibers utilize Samson s Parallay fiber orientation to prolong rope life by minimizing the sawing action of fibers over rough surfaces. The signature green stripe assures that any twist in the line is easily detectable. Arbor-Plex was the first synthetic rope designed specifically for the arborist industry and remains one of the best values in climbing lines today. climbing line Features n Excellent wear and snag resistance n Excellent knot holding ability n Works well when wet n Economical good value n Single braid n No twist stripe Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 3.0% 3.3% 4.2% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] UNSPLICED unspliced 1/2" 6.8 lbs. 6,000 lbs. 600 lbs. [12mm] [10.1Kg] [2,700Kg] [270Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 120' Polybag... Unspliced 150' Polybag... Unspliced 600' Reel... Unspliced 2400' Drum... Unspliced Product Code: 346 samsonrope.com 9

Tenex climbing TAILS 12-strand high tenacity polyester with Samthane coating single end construction Features n Excellent snag and abrasion resistance n Easy to splice Tenex is a twelve-strand, coated polyester, single braid. It combines high strength with low stretch and is highly abrasion resistant. These factors, combined with being easy to splice, make Tenex the rope of choice for constructing today s rope tools such as n High strength to weight ratio n High strength per diameter COLOR OPTIONS eye and eye tails for progressive rigging and climbing applications. Tenex is offered in a single end per carrier construction in sizes 3/8" diameter through 7/8" diameter. Available in: white, red, blue, green, orange, yellow or black. See page 16 for Tenex-TEC. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT [100M] SPLICED spliced ORANGE BLUE GREEN RED YELLOW BLACK WHITE 3/8" [9mm] 4.2 lbs. [6.2Kg] 5800 lbs. [2600Kg] 580 lbs. [260Kg] 7/16" [11mm] 6.3 lbs. [9.4Kg] 9000lbs. [4100Kg] 900 lbs. [410Kg] 1/2" [12mm] 8.5 lbs. [12.6Kg] 11,800 lbs. [5400Kg] 1,180 lbs. [540Kg] 5/8" [16mm] 13.1 lbs. [19.5Kg] 17,100 lbs. [7800Kg] 1,710 lbs. [780Kg] 3/4" [18mm] 17.2 lbs. [25.6Kg] 22,400 lbs. [10,200Kg] 2,240 lbs. [1,020 Kg] 7/8" [22mm] 25.8 lbs. [38.4Kg] 32,600 lbs. [14,800Kg] 3,260 lbs. [1,480Kg] Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 1.40% 2.30% 3.00% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 600' Reel... Unspliced Tech-12 Product Code: 826 12-strand single braid of technora fiber with samthane coating Higher strength, lower stretch and better resistance to flex-fatique than products constructed from other aramid fibers. Excellent resistance to heat, when used as a climbing tail. Available in four colors: black, red, green or blue. Used for heat resistant climbing line tails. Features n Samthane coating n Easy to splice n Excellent heat resistance n Strength comparable to wire SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT [100M] SPLICED SPLICED 1/4" [6mm] 1.9 lbs. [2.8Kg] 8,200 lbs. [3,700Kg] 820 lbs. [370Kg] 1/2" [12mm] 8.0 lbs. [11.9Kg] 33,000 lbs. [15,000Kg] 3,300 lbs. [1,500Kg] COLOR OPTIONS Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 0.63% 0.96% 1.20% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. RED GREEN BLUE BLACK STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 600' Reel... Unspliced Product Code: 890 Samthane Coated 10

Climbing Accessories Zing-It The first throwing line designed specifically for the professional arborist. Samson s Zing-It offers high strength, low stretch, and excellent abrasion resistance to enhance durability all in a small diameter, lightweight throwing line. Zing-It helps you achieve higher throws with lighter weights, greater control due to its low stretch, and the ability to pull down hangers due to its high strength. The special coating reduces abrasion and allows Zing-It to glide easily over the roughest bark. Zing-It s low coefficient of friction allows the throw bag to easily reach the ground on the first throw. Use for either hand or mechanical throwing with an 8 12 oz. throwing weight. Ultra-Tech A unique, high strength double braid with an outer cover of polyester fiber and an inner core of Technora fiber. Well suited for numerous climbing and rigging applications. The core is extremely heat resistant so rope will not sever if cover is burned. Available in four tracer colors: black, red, blue or green. SIZE WEIGHT AVERAGE STANDARD [DIAMETER] PER 100 FT. STRENGTH PKG. LENGTHS 1.75 mm.12 lbs. 400 lbs. 180 ft. tube 1.75 mm.12 lbs. 400 lbs. 1,000 ft. tube 2.2 mm.16 lbs. 580 lbs. 180 ft. tube 2.2 mm.16 lbs. 580 lbs. 1,000 ft. tube Product Code: 811 AmSteel-Blue A 12 strand construction of HMPE fiber utilizing our proprietary Samthane coating and parallay construction. AmSteel-Blue yields the maximum in strength-to-weight ratio and is stronger than wire rope constructions yet it floats. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE [DIAMETER] 100 FT [100M] STRENGTH 5/16 [8mm] 4.0 lbs. [6.0Kg] 7,800 lbs. [3,500Kg] Product Code: 443 Accessory cords From tie-downs to pruning pole cords, accessory cords have hundreds of uses on any job site. Samson's strength and quality in multi-purpose accessory cords make Samson accessory cords the utility player in the Samson arborist line up. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE [DIAMETER] 100 FT [100M] STRENGTH 1/4 [6mm] 1.6 lbs. [2.4Kg] 8,600 lbs. [3,900Kg] 5/16 [8mm] 2.7 lbs. [4.0Kg] 13,700 lbs. [6,200Kg] 3/8 [9mm] 3.6 lbs. [5.4Kg] 19,600 lbs. [8,900Kg] 7/16 [11mm] 4.2 lbs. [6.2Kg] 23,900 lbs. [10,800Kg] 1/2 [12mm] 6.4 lbs. [9.5Kg] 34,000 lbs. [15,400Kg] Product Code: 872 SIZe weight PER AVERAGE [DIAMETER] 100 FT [100M] STRENGTH 2mm 0.2 lbs. [0.3Kg] 230 lbs. [104Kg] 3mm 0.5 lbs. [0.74Kg] 600 lbs. [270Kg] 4mm 0.8 lbs. [1.2Kg] 1,000 lbs. [450Kg] 5mm 1.4 lbs. [2.1Kg] 1,200 lbs. [540Kg] 6mm 1.8 lbs. [2.7Kg] 2,200 lbs. [1,000Kg] 7mm 2.3 lbs. [3.4Kg] 2,800 lbs. [1,300Kg] 8mm 3.0 lbs. [4.5Kg] 3,500 lbs. [1,600Kg] 9mm 3.8 lbs. [5.7Kg] 4,300 lbs. [2,000Kg] Product Code: 480 Unspliced samsonrope.com 11

climbing systems Two commonly used climbing systems are the traditional and the modern split-tail system. The differences between these two systems are illustrated below. TRADITIONAL SYSTEM The traditional climbing system utilizes a climbing line dead-ended to the saddle with a bowline leaving a long tail. The tail is then attached to the other part of the climbing line by tying a climbing hitch. This system is limited to a one eye tail and the tail is the same rope as the climbing line. MODERN SPLIT-TAIL SYSTEM Advances in technology have led to new techniques that offer additional benefits to the traditional system. BENEFITS OF SEPARATE TAIL: n Ability to replace tail without reducing length of climbing line. n Two attachment points on saddle for more comfort and work positioning. n Easier to change tie-in point. n Allows you to use climbing line as a second lanyard. n Helps make climbing line more versatile. n Contrasting colors 12

Climbing hitches and terminations CLIMBING HITCHES The advent of the modern split tail system introduced the use of one and two eye climbing tails. Shown below are various popular hitches that are used for one and two eye tails. ONE EYE HITCHES: n Tautline Hitch n Prusik Hitch n Blakes Hitch TWO EYE HITCHES: Two eye tails or eye and eye tails are made from Single End Tenex. n Distel Hitch n Schwaebisch Hitch n Valdótain Hitch This system offers the climber the benefits of having both ends attached to the saddle as well as a balanced hitch that can not roll out. TERMINATION knots KNOTS: TERMINATIONS: Here are three popular termination knots that can be an effective replacement for a splice. n Anchor n Buntline n Triple Fisherman SPLICES: n Velocity Splice n ArborMaster Girth Hitch samsonrope.com 13

rigging reference Rigging for tree removal is more complicated than climbing and demands more experience as well as an understanding of the effects on the rope of the various knots and hitches used. It is widely known that knots can significantly reduce rope strength with a corresponding reduction in the work load limit recommended by a manufacturer. The rigging techniques and knots presented here are meant to give a general overview of the basic principles of rigging. Prior to beginning any tree work, it is important to thoroughly examine the tree for structural imperfection, faults or weaknesses that could compromise safety. This text is not a substitute for proper training. One of the most potentially dangerous aspects of rigging is chunking out large trunk sections of wood that are rigged vertically upon themselves. Safety, as always, is the primary concern. It is important when rigging to minimize shockloads and manage friction efficiently. This is easiest to achieve when using arborist grade rigging blocks in conjunction with appropriate friction/lowering devices both of which have been tested and rated. Excessive shock loading must always be considered when rigging. The rigging system should be constructed to withstand the maximum shock-load potential. Generally, maximum shock loads are experienced in a rigging system when the rigged piece is snubbed off and not gradually decelerated. Testing and research has shown that the block and sling experience more than double the shock load force than any other part of the rigging system if the piece is snubbed off, a situation to be avoided whenever possible. Running Bowline Half Hitch Loopie Sling Rigging Block Lowering Line Running bowline with half hitch These knots are used in conjunction with one another to attach rigging lines to tree sections that are being rigged for removal. The Running Bowline is easily untied. It securely chokes the piece when steady pressure is applied.the Half Hitch increases safety and provides stability and holding power. Friction Lowering Device Whoopie Sling adjustable slings Loopies or Whoopie Slings are an excellent alternative to the traditional Timber Hitch as they can not come untied. The Timber Hitch can be used to attach a rigging block or a friction device to a tree as a lowering devise to lower or hoist limbs. This tendency for the hitch to come untied can be minimized by tucking for a minimum of 5 wraps, spreading out the tucks over as much of the circumference of the trunk as possible, and ensuring that the hitch is loaded against the bight whenever possible. 14

Samson Rigging lines ARBORIST RIGGING LINES: Rigging is the use of ropes and other equipment to take down trees or remove limbs when free-falling is not advisable. Rigging is the most advanced aspect of tree work. Even for veteran arborists, it is best to practice new techniques in open areas where the risk of accidents can be controlled and personal safety can be ensured. The techniques and tools will vary with each job site and an experienced worker will take advantage of the many new blocks and lowering devices to safely and efficiently lower tree sections. Advances in rope construction, as well as new and better synthetic fibers, are making the job of rigging easier and safer and the importance of using reliable rigging ropes cannot be overstated. Samson offers several types of rigging lines designed specifically for the Arborist industry. Samson s rigging lines offer the best combination of strength, wear resistance and elongation, available to the tree care industry. Tenex-Tec Stable Braid Arbor-Plex Pro-Master Tree-Master True-Blue 12-strand sling construction of high tenacity polyester with Samthane coating. Double braid construction consisting of a braided polyester cover over a braided polyester core. 12-strand braided construction of plied polyester and polyolefin fibers. 3-strand, twisted construction of spun and filament polyester jacket fibers covering polyolefin core fibers. 3-strand, 4-stage twisted construction of 100% polyester fiber. 12-strand braided 100% polyester construction. Each strand consists of blue fiber plied over white fiber to assist detection of cover wear. SIZE / product average WORKING WEIGHT [DIAMETER] strength load 100 ft. [100m] 3/8" Tenex-Tec [9mm] 6,100 lbs. [2,800Kg] 1,200 lbs. [550Kg] 4.3 lbs. [6.4Kg] 1/2" Tenex-Tec [12mm] 13,100 lbs. [5,900Kg] 2,600 lbs. [1,200Kg] 10.0 lbs. [14.9Kg] 5/8" Tenex-Tec [16mm] 18,800 lbs. [8,500Kg] 3,800 lbs. [1,700Kg] 14.8 lbs. [22.0Kg] 3/4" Tenex-Tec [18mm] 24,800 lbs. [11,200Kg] 5,000 lbs. [2,200Kg] 19.2 lbs. [28.5Kg] 7/8" Tenex-Tec [22mm] 34,200 lbs. [15,500Kg] 6,800 lbs. [3,100Kg] 26.7 lbs. [39.7Kg] 1" Tenex-Tec [24mm] 44,500 lbs. [20,200Kg] 8,900 lbs. [4,000Kg] 34.7 lbs. [51.6Kg] 1/2" Stable Braid [12mm] 10,400 lbs. [4,700Kg] 2,100 lbs. [940Kg] 11.0 lbs. [16.4Kg] 9/16" Stable Braid [14mm] 13,300 lbs. [6,000Kg] 2,700 lbs. [1,200Kg] 14.0 lbs. [20.8Kg] 5/8" Stable Braid [16mm] 16,300 lbs. [7,400Kg] 3,300 lbs. [1,500Kg] 18.0 lbs. [26.8Kg] 3/4" Stable Braid [18mm] 20,400 lbs. [9,300Kg] 4,100 lbs. [1,900Kg] 27.1 lbs. [40.3Kg] 7/8" Stable Braid [22mm] 29,900 lbs. [13,600Kg] 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 6.8 lbs. [10.1Kg] 1/2" Arbor-Plex [12mm] 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 1,200 lbs. [540Kg] 12.0 lbs. [17.9Kg] 5/8" Arbor-Plex [16mm] 9,000 lbs. [4,100Kg] 1,800 lbs. [820Kg] 16.2 lbs. [24.1Kg] 3/4" Arbor-Plex [18mm] 12,000 lbs. [5,400Kg] 2,400 lbs. [1,100Kg] 6.5 lbs. [9.7Kg] 1/2" Pro-Master [12mm] 6,300 lbs. [2,900Kg] 1,300 lbs. [590Kg] 9.6 lbs. [14.3Kg] 5/8" Pro-Master [16mm] 8,500 lbs. [3,900Kg] 1,700 lbs. [770Kg] 13.9 lbs. [20.7Kg] 3/4" Pro-Master [18mm] 10,900 lbs. [4,900Kg] 2,200 lbs. [990Kg] 18.0 lbs. [26.8Kg] 7/8" Pro-Master [22mm] 15,500 lbs. [7,000Kg] 3,100 lbs. [1,400Kg] 13.0 lbs. [19.3Kg] 5/8" Tree-Master [16mm] 12,900 lbs. [5,900Kg] 2,600 lbs. [1,200Kg] 18.5 lbs. [27.5Kg] 3/4" Tree-Master [18mm] 15,200 lbs. [6,900Kg] 3,000 lbs. [1,400Kg] 8.8 lbs. [13.1Kg] PRODUCT *Based on rope stablized from 200D 2 ELASTIC ELONGATION* (% OF BREAKING STRENGTH) 10% 20% 30% Tenex-TEC 1.40% 2.30% 3.00% Stable Braid 1.10% 1.70% 2.70% Arbor-Plex 3.00% 3.30% 4.20% Pro-Master 2.00% 3.20% 3.90% Tree-Master 2.90% 5.60% 8.20% True-Blue 2.60% 3.00% 4.00% samsonrope.com 15

Tenex-TEC (Sling Construction) rigging line 12-strand high tenacity polyester with SamthanE coating Two end sling construction Tenex Sling Construction is a two end per carrier (TEC) twelve-strand Samthane coated, high tenacity polyester rope offering high strength coupled with low stretch and outstanding abrasion resistance. Its abrasion resistance and firmness is due to special Samthane coating which allows for easy splicing while enhancing wear life and snag resistance. A viable alternative to using double braids when easy field splicing and economy are major considerations. Features n Excellent snag and abrasion resistance n Easy to splice n Easy to inspect for potential internal wear n Higher strength per diameter than double braid n Good gripping characteristics color options BLUE GREEN RED ORANGE YELLOW BLACK WHITE Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 1.40% 2.30% 3.00% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT per average STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] SPLICED SPLICED 3/8" 4.3 lbs. 6,100 lbs. 1,200 lbs. [9mm] [6.4Kg] [2,800Kg] [550Kg] 1/2" 10.0 lbs. 13,100 lbs. 2,600 lbs. [12mm] [14.9Kg] [5,900Kg] [1,200Kg] 5/8" 14.8 lbs. 18,800 lbs. 3,800lbs. [16mm] [22.0Kg] [8,500Kg] [1,700Kg] 3/4" 19.2 lbs. 24,800 lbs. 5,000 lbs. [18mm] [28.5Kg] [11,200Kg] [2,200Kg] 7/8" 26.7 lbs. 34,200 lbs. 6,800 lbs. [22mm] [39.7Kg] [15,500Kg] [3,100Kg] 1" 34.7 lbs. 44,500 lbs. 8,900 lbs. [24mm] [51.6Kg] [20,200Kg] [4,000Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 600' Reel... Unspliced Product Code: 825 16

Rope tools WHOOPIE SLING Adjustable, load rated two eye lifting slings. The sling has a permanent eye splice at one end, and an adjustable eye at the other end that allows it to adapt to loads of various sizes. The adjustment allows snug lifting control and minimizes the number of fixed length slings required. With three sizes to choose from, there is a Samson Whoopie Sling for any lifting job. Each is permanently tagged with its capacity, polybagged and shipped in a carton. rigging line SIZE COLOR UNIT WEIGHT specs/whoopie slings ADjustment length 1/2" [12mm] blue 1.2 lbs. [0.5Kg] 2.5 ft. to 4 ft. 5" 5/8" [16mm] red 1.7 lbs. [0.8Kg] 3 ft. to 5 ft. 6" 3/4" [18mm] orange 2.8 lbs. [1.3Kg] 3.5 ft. to 6 ft. 7" Sling angle (from vertical) Perm. Eye Size 0 15 30 45 60 75 Load Angle Factor 1.000.966.866.707.500.259 Strengths and working loads are for new, unused ropes with splices and no knots. TreeRig Sling Also know as a Dead Eye, Samson TreeRig Slings are fabricated from Samthane coated Stable Braid and Tenex-TEC spliced with an eye splice on one end. These slings are commonly used to lash a block in place to establish a false crotch. Tie block with a cow hitch for best results. TENEX Treerig Sling (8" eye) SIZE [diameter] COLOR Length 1/2" [12mm] blue 10', 12', 15' 5/8" [16mm] red 6', 8', 10', 12', 16', 20' 3/4" [18mm] orange 8', 12', 15', 18', 20' 7/8" [22mm] green 10', 14', 20' 1" [24mm] yellow 12', 16', 20' Product Code: 690 (Tenex-TEC) Single leg Choker 2,200 lbs. 1,760 lbs. 3,200 lbs. 2,560 lbs. 4,200 lbs. 3,380 lbs. rated capacities* * Rated capacities are for slings in vertical lift use and spliced in accordance with Samson factory procedure. For angles other than vertical, multiply by the "Load Angle Factor" in the table shown to obtain the reduced rating based on the calculated sling lift angle. STABLE BRAID Treerig Sling (6" eye) SIZE [diameter] COLOR Length 9/16" [12mm] yellow 6', 8', 10', 14', 20' 5/8" [16mm] red 6', 8', 10', 14', 20' 3/4" [18mm] orange 6', 8', 10', 14', 20' 7/8" [22mm] green 6', 8', 10', 14', 20' Product Code: 691 (Stable Braid) PLEASE NOTE: Stable Braid and Tenex-TEC strengths and working loads (on pages 16 & 18) are for spliced rope. When used as a TreeRig Sling, additional bending and knot usage may further reduce rope strength with a corresponding reduction in work load limit. For safety considerations, the work load limit should not exceed 20% of the rope strength. Tenex Rope tools While these fabricated tools are not offered by Samson, professional arborists have found Tenex-TEC to be the perfect product for producing these rope tools. endless loop sling Spider leg balancer Sometimes called fixed loop. Constructed using an end-for-end splice. Commonly used for a re-direct, a foot hold or other useful applications. A variation of the TreeRig sling with an extra long eye spliced into one end. This would be used either singly or with multiple spider balancers, in conjunction with a rigging line, to balance pieces being lowered to the ground. It is recommended that the spider balancer be sized 1/8" smaller than the rigging line. loopie tenex Eye and eye tail An adjustable loop sling. Generally used in rigging applications and constructed using an end-for-end splice. It is important to note that when the sling is choked the attachment point for the sling is through the center of the buried part. The Eye and Eye Tail is a spliced section of cordage that is employed to form the climbing hitch in a split tail climbing system. It has small eyes on both ends and is used primarily for climbing hitches such as the Val de Tain, Distel and Schwabisch. samsonrope.com 17

Stable Braid rigging line double braid construction consisting of a braided polyester cover over a braided polyester core Stable Braid is an all polyester double braid rope with high strength, low stretch, snag resistance and excellent durability. Bright Samthane coating improves visibility and enhances resistance to abrasion and snagging. Features n Low stretch n Excellent abrasion resistance n High strength-to-weight ratio n Flexible and easy to handle n Minimal UV degradation n Torque-free n Spliceable color options YELLOW BLUE RED ORANGE GREEN Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 1.10% 1.70% 2.70% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] SPLICED spliced 1/2" 8.2 lbs. 10,400 lbs. 2,100 lbs. [12mm] [12.2Kg] [4,700Kg] [940Kg] 9/16" 11.0 lbs. 13,300 lbs. 2,700 lbs. [14mm] [16.4Kg] [6,000Kg] [1,200Kg] 5/8" 14.0 lbs. 16,300 lbs. 3,300 lbs. [16mm] [20.8Kg] [7,400Kg] [1,500Kg] 3/4" 18.0 lbs. 20,400 lbs. 4,100 lbs. [18mm] [26.8Kg] [9,300Kg] [1,900Kg] 7/8" 27.1 lbs. 29,900 lbs. 6,000 lbs. [22mm] [40.3Kg] [13,600Kg] [2,700Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 150' Polybag... Unspliced 600' Reel... Unspliced Product Code: 806 18

Arbor-Plex 12-strand braided construction of plied polyester and polyolefin fibers Arbor-Plex is an economical, torque-balanced twelve-strand rope. The tightly braided construction of Arbor-Plex holds its shape with use. It has excellent wear resistance, is lightweight and has high rigging line products strength. It is widely known and trusted as a workhorse for virtually all uses. Arbor-Plex is easily identified by a green ink stripe. rigging line Features n Excellent wear and snag resistance n Excellent knot holding ability n Works well when wet n Economical good value n No twist stripe n Single braid Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 3.0% 3.3% 4.2% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] UNSPLICED unspliced 1/2" 6.8 lbs. 6,000 lbs. 1200 lbs. [12mm] [10.1Kg] [2,700Kg] [540Kg] 5/8" 12.0 lbs. 9,000 lbs. 1,800 lbs. [16mm] [17.9Kg] [4,100Kg] [820Kg] 3/4" 16.2 lbs. 12,000 lbs. 2,400 lbs. [18mm] [24.1Kg] [5,400Kg] [1,100Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 150' Polybag... Unspliced 600' Reel... Unspliced Product Code: 346 samsonrope.com 19

Pro-Master rigging line 3-strand twisted construction of spun and filament polyester jacket fibers covering polyolefin core fibers A firm and balanced three-strand rope offering reliability as well as economy. Pro-Master is lightweight, holds its shape even under heavy use and the spun fiber on the surface offers excellent grip, handling and knot holding. It is identified by a green surface tracer. For performance and price, it is one of the finest three-strand rigging lines in the marketplace. Features n Soft touch n Excellent abrasion resistance n High strength-to-weight ratio n Flexible and easy to handle n Minimal UV degradation n Easy to splice Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 2.00% 3.20% 3.90% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT per average STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] SPLICED SPLICED 1/2" 6.5 lbs. 6,300 lbs. 1,300 lbs. [12mm] [9.7Kg] [2,900Kg] [570Kg] 5/8" 9.6 lbs. 8,500 lbs. 1,700 lbs. [16mm] [14.3Kg] [3,900Kg] [770Kg] 3/4" 13.9lbs. 10,900 lbs. 2,200 lbs. [18mm] [20.7Kg] [4,900Kg] [990Kg] 7/8" 18.0 lbs. 15,500 lbs. 3,100 lbs. [22mm] [26.8Kg] [7,000Kg] [1,400Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 150' Polybag... Unspliced 600' Reel... Unspliced Product Code: 168 20

Tree-Master 3-strand, 4-stage twisted construction of 100% polyester fiber Tree-Master is a premium 4-stage three-strand rope made of premium polyester. Identified by an external green marker outside one strand and marker tape inside one strand. It remains firm under load, is low stretch, and has excellent knot holding characteristics. Slightly stiffer than Pro-Master for riggers that prefer a firm line. rigging line Features n Maximum wear life n Stays firm under load n Economical good value n Excellent abrasion resistance n Spliceable Elastic elongation 10% 20% 30% 2.9% 5.6% 8.2% After 50 cycles at % of break strength. SIZE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE STRENGTH WORKING LOAD [DIAMETER] 100 FT / [100M] SPLICED spliced 5/8" 13.0 lbs. 12,900 lbs. 2,600 lbs. [16mm] [19.3Kg] [5,900Kg] [1,200Kg] 3/4" 18.5 lbs. 15,200 lbs. 3,000 lbs. [18mm] [27.5Kg] [6,900Kg] [1,400Kg] STANDARD PACKAGED LENGTHS 150' Polybag... Unspliced 600' Reel... Unspliced Product Code: 166 samsonrope.com 21

technical information technical information In order to establish definitions involving stretch in ropes, it is necessary to review the terms utilized to define the basic components of stretch. elongation data Elastic Elongation (E.E.): Refers to the portion of stretch or extension of a rope that is immediately recoverable after the load on the rope is released. This recoverable tendency is a primary result of the fiber (or fibers) used as opposed to the rope construction. Each type of synthetic fiber inherently displays a unique degree of elasticity. Relatively, HMPE fiber has an extremely low elasticity compared to nylon fiber. Hysteresis: Refers to a recoverable portion of stretch or extension over a period of time after a load is released. In measuring elastic recovery it is the recovery that occurs immediately when a load is removed. But thereafter, a remaining small percentage of elastic recovery will occur slowly and gradually over a period of hours or days. This retardation in recovery is measured on a length/time scale and is known as hysteresis or recovery over time. Permanent Extension (P.E.) After Relaxed: That portion of extension which, due to constructional deformation (compacting of braid and helical changes) and some plastic deformation of the fibers, prevent the rope returning the original length. Permanent Extension (P.E.) While Working: The amount of extension that exists when stress is removed but no time is given for hysteresis recovery. It includes the nonrecoverable and hysteresis extension as one value and represents any increase in length of a rope in a constant working situation such as during repeated surges in towing or other similar cyclical operations. The percentage of Permanent Extension over the working load range is generally in order of four to six percent for braided ropes and two to three times as much for plaited but will vary slightly with different fibers and rope constructions. In some applications, such as sub-surface mooring or devices that demand precise depth location and measurement, allowances must be made for this factor. Cold Flow (Creep): Fiber deformation (elongation) due to molecular slippage under a constant static loading situation. Fibers that have this inherent characteristic will display extremely lower or negligible creep if minor fluctuations occur in the rate and or frequency of load levels. Bending radius Any sharp bend in a rope under load decreases its strength substantially and may cause premature damage or failure. Many rope users are surprised to learn that a simple overhand knot (a series of sharp bends) reduces rope strength by almost 50%. In sizing the radius of bitts and fairleads for best performance the following guidelines are offered: Where a rope bends more than 10 degrees around its bitts or, for that matter, is bending across any surface, the diameter of that surface should not be less than 3 times the diameter of the rope. Another way of saying it is that the diameter of the surface should be at least 3 times the rope diameter. A 4 to 1 ratio (or larger) would be better yet as durability of the rope increases substantially as the diameter of the surface over which it is worked increases. Sheave Diameter and Sizes Sheave Diameters Should Be: Twisted/Plaited = 10 times rope diameter Braided = 8 times rope diameter To assure maximum efficiency and safety, sheaves for braided ropes should be no less than eight (8) times rope diameter. Although an 8:1 ratio is preferred, 4:1 is widely accepted within the arborist industry. The sheave groove diameter should be no less than 10% greater than the rope diameter. The sheave groove should be round in shape. Sheaves with V shaped grooves should be avoided, as they tend to pinch and damage the rope through excessive friction and crushing of the rope fibers. Sheave surfaces should be kept smooth and free of burrs and gouges. Bearings should be maintained to ensure smooth rotation of sheaves. 22

standards for strength and usage New Rope Tensile Strengths New rope tensile strengths are based on tests of new and unused rope of standard construction in accordance with manufacturer s Standard Test Methods. It can be expected that strengths will decrease as soon as a rope is put into use. Because of the wide range of rope use, changes in rope conditions, exposure to the many factors affecting rope behavior, and the possibility of risk to life and property, it is impossible to cover all aspects of rope applications or to make blanket recommendations as to working loads. working load Working loads are for rope in good condition with appropriate splices, in noncritical applications and under normal service conditions. Working loads are based on a percentage of the approximate breaking strength of new and unused rope of current manufacture. For our arborist rope products, when used under normal conditions, the working load percentage is 20% of published strengths for rigging lines and 10% for climbing. Normal working loads do not cover dynamic conditions such as shock loads or sustained loads, nor do they cover where life, limb or valuable property are involved. In these cases a lower working load must be used. A higher working load may be selected only with expert knowledge of conditions and professional estimates of risk, if the rope has been inspected and found to be in good condition, and if the rope has not been subject to dynamic loading (such as sudden drops, snubs or pick-ups), excessive use, elevated temperatures, or extended periods under load. normal working loads Normal working loads are not applicable when rope has been subject to dynamic loading. Whenever a load is picked up, stopped, moved or swung there is an increased force due to dynamic loading. The more rapidly or suddenly such actions occur, the greater the increase will be. In extreme cases, the force put on the rope may be two, three, or even more times the normal load involved. Examples could be ropes used as a tow line, picking up a load on a slack line, or using rope to stop a falling object. Dynamic effects are greater on a low elongation rope such as polyester than on a high elongation rope such as nylon, and greater on a short rope than on a long one. Therefore, in all such applications normal working loads as given do not apply, for more information see page 24. rope inspection Avoid using rope that shows signs of aging and wear. If in doubt, destroy the used rope. No type of visual inspection can be guaranteed to accurately and precisely determine the actual residual strength. When the fibers show wear in any given area, the rope should be re-spliced, downgraded, or replaced. Check the line regularly for frayed strands and broken yarns. Pulled strands should be re-threaded into the rope if possible. A pulled strand can snag on a foreign object during rope operation. Both outer and inner rope fibers contribute to the strength of the rope. When either is worn, the rope is naturally weakened. Open the strands of the rope and look for powdered fiber, which is one sign of internal wear. A heavily used rope will often become compacted or hard, which indicates reduced strength. The rope should be discarded if this condition exists. avoid overheating Heat can seriously affect the strength of synthetic ropes. The temperatures at which 50 percent strength loss can occur are: Polypropylene 250 F, Nylon 350 F, Polyester 350 F. When using rope where the temperature exceeds these levels (or if it is too hot to hold), consult the manufacturer for recommendations as to the size and type of rope for the proposed continuous heat exposure conditions. When using ropes on a capstan or winch, care should be exercised to avoid surging while the capstan or winch head is rotating.the friction from this slippage causes localized overheating that can melt or fuse synthetic fibers, resulting in severe loss of tensile strength. storage All rope should be stored clean, dry, out of direct sunlight, and away from extreme heat. It should be kept off the floor on racks to provide ventilation underneath. Never store rope on a concrete or dirt floor, and under no circumstances should cordage and acid or alkalies be kept in the same vicinity. Some synthetic rope (in particular polypropylene or polyethylene) may be severely weakened by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays unless specifically stabilized and/or pigmented to increase UV resistance. UV degradation is indicated by discoloration and the presence of splinters and slivers on the surface of the rope. dynamic loading For dynamic loading applications involving severe exposure conditions, or for recommendations on special applications, consult the manufacturer. For more information see page 24. danger to personnel Persons should be warned against the serious danger of standing in line with a rope under tension. Should the rope part, it may recoil with considerable force. In all cases where any such risks are present, or if there is any question about the loads involved or the condition of use, the working load should be substantially reduced and the rope properly inspected before every use. avoid abrasive conditions All rope will be severely damaged if subjected to rough surfaces or sharp edges. Chocks, bitts, winches, drums and other surfaces must be kept in good condition and free of burrs and rust. Pulleys must be free to rotate and should be of proper size to avoid excessive wear. splicing and knots Splices should be used instead of knots whenever possible because knots can decrease rope strength up to 50%. When splices are used, always use the manufacturer s recommended splicing procedures. When knots are used, be sure to take into consideration the knot s corresponding reduction to the rope strength and adjust your working load accordingly. For more information please see the Knots and Rigging section, pages 13 thru 14. winching lines Braided rope can develop a twist when constantly used on a winch. This makes handling more difficult; the rope should be relaxed and rotated in the opposite direction to remove a twist. To avoid this condition, the direction of turns over the winch should be alternated regularly. avoid chemical exposure Rope is subject to damage by chemicals. Consult the manufacturer for specific chemical exposure, such as solvents, acids, and alkalies. Consult the manufacturer for recommendations when a rope will be used where chemical exposure (either fumes or actual contact) can occur. technical information samsonrope.com 23

technical information rope life factors There are basically three steps to consider in providing the longest possible service life for ropes, the safest conditions and long range economy: Selection, Usage, and Retirement. 1 selection: select the right rope for the job in the first place: Selecting a rope involves evaluating a combination of factors. Some of these factors are straight forward like comparing rope specifications. Others are less quantitative like a preference for a specific color or how a rope feels in your hand. Cutting corners, reducing sizes or strengths on an initial purchase creates unnecessary replacements, potentially dangerous conditions and increases long term costs. Fiber and construction being equal, a larger rope will outlast a smaller rope, because of the greater surface wear distribution. By the same token, a stronger rope will outlast a weaker one, because it will be used at a lower percentage of its break strength with less chance of over stressing. Consider the opinion of professional climbers who may have more experience as to how well a rope performs. Consider also the reputation of the rope manufacturer. Are they involved with and supportive of the arborist industry? Do they stand behind their products with consistent quality and reliable service? Buying unproven ropes because they are a little less expensive is false economy and can lead to disaster. strength When given a choice between ropes, select the strongest of any given size. A load of 200 pounds represents 2% of the strength of a rope with a breaking strength of 10,000 pounds. The same load represents 4% of the strength of a rope that has a breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. The weaker rope is having to work harder and as a result will have to be retired sooner. Braided ropes are stronger than twisted ropes that are the same size and fiber type. elongation It is well accepted that ropes with lower elongation under load will give you better load control, a big help at complicated job sites. However, ropes with lower elongation that are shock loaded, like a lowering line, can fail without warning even though it appears to be in good shape. Low elongating ropes should be selected with the highest possible strength. Both twisted ropes and braided ropes are suitable for rigging. Twisted rope has lower strength and more stretch. Braided rope has higher strength and lower stretch. Firmness Select ropes that are firm and round and hold their shape during use. Soft or mushy ropes will snag easily and abrade quickly causing accelerated strength loss. Because the fibers are in a straighter line, which improves strength but compromises durability, loose or mushy rope will almost always have higher break strengths than a similar rope that is firm and holds its shape. 2 usage: use rope properly: observe recommended SAFETY factors. keep ropes clean and avoid shock loads whenever possible. Proper use of your ropes, maintaining them, and staying within recommended working loads will allow you to get the most from your rope investment. Working loads are calculated to maximize safety and extend the working life of both climbing and rigging lines. Dirt and grit embedded in the fibers can also significantly shorten rope life. Keep them clean, bagged and properly stored when not in use. Working LOADS Working loads are the loads that a rope is subjected to in everyday activity. They are normally expressed as a percentage of new rope strength and should not exceed 20% for rigging lines and 10% for climbing lines. A point to remember is that a rope may be severely overloaded or shock loaded in use without breaking. However, damage and strength loss may have occurred without any visible indication. The next time the rope is used under normal working loads the acquired weakness can cause it to break. Do not blame the rope, it was simply overloaded and failed from what is known as fatigue. Recommended Workload Limit (expressed as a percent of new rope strength) Rope Used Braided Twisted Climbing Line 10% 10% Rigging Line 20% 20% shock loads Shock loads are simply a sudden change in tension from a state of relaxation or low load to one of high load. Any sudden load that exceeds the work load by more than 10% is considered a shock load. The further an object falls, the greater the impact. Synthetic fibers have a memory and retain the effects of being overloaded or shock loaded and can fail at a later time, even though loaded within the normal working load range. 24