LCB-Ethanol als Ergänzung zur 1. Generation Bioethanol oder Biomass potential for the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol from various agricultural residues in Austria and Worldwide Alexander Jäger
Agenda Introduction Pros and Cons State of the art LCB Bioethanol Calculations - Austria - Worldwide Conclusions and outlook 2
Facts: Established 1994 ~1,500 students > 100 Full time researchers Bio- and Environmental Technology Eco Energy Working group Bioethanolics Bioethanol Biogas Biodiesel from lignocellulosic substrates Straw as insulation material
Wels Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production 4
Bioethanol production: Pros Peak Oil CO 2 reduction Reduction of mineral oil import Economic potential Green jobs Research interest Enviromental problems with mineral oil Usage as fuel: Unchanged distribution system Up to 10 % without problems with each car Up to 95 % after minor changes 5
Bioethanol production: Cons 6
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Food versus bioethanol? Is there a simple answer? AGRANA says: Yes 9
Coming from 10 % to 100%??
Lignocellulosic Bioethanol as supplement of Bioethanol 1G Yes and no s
Lignocellulosic Bioethanol is already reality Already industrial with hydrothermal pretreatment (mainly steam/steam explosion) - DONG: Energy/Inbicon Kalungborg DK First pilot / demo plant - Abengoa: Kansas, Hugoton USA Production plant current under construction - Chemtex: Cresentino Italy First production plant Brasil - production plant under construction - Clariant: Straubing Germany Pilot / demo plant - POET-DSM USA, Iowa, Emmetsburg, Production plant current under construction 13
Inbicon DK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wasdk44kysa
Straubing (D)
Cresentiono (I)
Emmetsburg (Iowa)
http://www.poetdsm.com/lincvolt/ 1. Integration 1 st G 2 nd G Bioethanol Production
Cons!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Straw has to remain on the fields!
POET Bioethanol Plants Sioux Falls, South Dakota Alexandria, Indiana Ashton, Iowa Big Stone City, South Dakota Bingham Lake, Minnesota Chancellor, South Dakota Cloverdale, Indiana Coon Rapids, Iowa Corning, Iowa Emmetsburg, Iowa Fostoria, Ohio Glenville, Minnesota Gowrie, Iowa Groton, South Dakota Hanlontown, Iowa Hudson, South Dakota Jewell, Iowa Lake Crystal, Minnesota Leipsic, Ohio Marion, OhioMitchell, South Dakota North Manchester, Indiana Portland, Indiana Scotland, South Dakota 2 Mio hl Ethanol
Straw has to remain on the fields! But: Longer roots store more organic matter
Stover Harvest Report Three-year soil data from Emmetsburg Data shows responsible biomass harvesting is part of good soil management Non-traditional stover baling keeps good cover on Emmetsburg, Iowa soil, 6/1/2011 D. Karlen and D. S. Birrelof
Three-year average soil-test values as affected by various stover harvest treatments Stover Harvest Treatment ph SOM P K % ---- ppm ----- Conventional no removal 6.86 4.43 24 164 Cobs only 6.98 4.40 30 165 MOG bulk collection 7.02 4.35 29 167 Single-pass baling of MOG 7.13 4.52 29 177 Two-pass baling 7.02 4.40 24 162 STS High-cut (just below 7.21 4.30 19 161 ear) STS Low-cut (4 inch 7.11 4.57 26 168 stubble) LSD (0.1) NS NS 6 NS
Each region must be evaluated separately
Biomass potential for the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol from various agricultural residues in Austria and Worldwide Own calculations 25
Feedstocks examined / calculated Wheat straw Rye straw Oat straw Corn straw Miscanthus Corn cobs Sun flower 26
Grain yield and straw in Austria 2011 Substrate Area [ha] Yield [t] Ratio fruit/straw Straw yield [t] Oat 25,029 109,807 1:1.1 120,788 Corn 217,100 2,453,133 1:1 2,453,133 Rye 45,945 202,002 1:0.9 181,802 Wheat 304,334 1,781,837 1:0.8 1,425,470
Ethanol yield of different crops at different pretreatment conditions Substrate Condition EtOH [kg] theor. EtOH [kg] pract. Yield [%] Oat 200 C, 20 min 228 141 62 Corn 190 C, 10 min 216 95 44 Rye 200 C, 20 min 243 169 70 Wheat 200 C, 20 min 240 124 52
Ethanol yield of different crops in Austria Substrate Straw p.a. [t] EtOH [t/a] Oat 60,394 13,770 Corn 1,226,566 264,936 Rye 90,901 22,362 Wheat 1,425,470 342,113 Total 643,183
Ethanol yield of different crops in Austria Substrate Straw p.a. [t] EtOH [t/a] Oat 60,394 13,77 Corn 1,226,566 264,936 Rye 90,901 22,362 Wheat 1,425,470 342,113 Total 643,183 Pischelsdorf 200,000 Total 843,183 Gasoline consumed 1,800,000 Replacement 46.84 %
Results: Austria In Austria 1,800,000 t of gasoline was consumed in 2011. 643,183 t bioethanol from straw could be produced. About one third of this could be replaced by bioethanol from straw. As a result, all the bioethanol needed for E 10 can easily be provided using about a third of the available straw. Only about half of the straw would have to be used. Together with 1 st Gen. Bioethanol nearly 50% of gasoline could be replaced --- tomorrow!
Bioenergy Potential Worldwide Available Area Worldwide 2011 Mio km 2 World Africa Asia America Europe (Incl. Russia) Oceania Total Area 135 30 32 41 23 0.9 Land Area 130 29 31 39 22 0.8 Agricultural Area 49 12 16 12.5 5 0.5 Farmland 14 2 5 4 3 0.05 Grassland 34 9 11 8 2 0.3 Fallow land 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Forest areas 40 7 6 16 10 0.2
Ethanol from straw worldwide Utilization rate of straw Straw [Mio t/a] EtOH [Mio t/a] Oil equivalent [Mio t/a] Substitution of fossil fuel [%] 15% 342 84 54 10 25% 571 140 90 16 50% 1,142 280 179 33 75% 1,712 420 269 49 100% 2,283 560 358 65 33
Mio. Tonnen Development of Grain Production 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Barley Wheat Rye Triticale Oat Corn Rice Total 1980 156 440 25 0 41 396 396 1454 1990 178 592 38 4 40 483 519 1854 2000 133 586 20 9 26 592 599 1966 2009 152 686 18 16 23 819 685 2399 34
Ethanol from straw worldwide at european grain production rates Utilzation rate of straw Straw [Mio t/a] EtOH [Mio t/a] Oil equivalent [Mio t/a] Substitution of fossil fuel [%] 9% 357 87 56 10 25% 992 243 156 28 50% 1,983 486 311 56 75% 2,975 729 467 84 100% 3,966 972 622 112 35
Results For a replacement of 10 % of the worlds fuel demand 15 % of the straw has to be used. If the european grain productivity can be achieved worldwide, 9 % of the straw has to be used for a replacement of 10 % of the worlds fuel demand. Plants not regarded as agricultural plant like reed but suitable for bioethanol production are not calculated.
Conclusions and Outlook I 1. Technology for 1 G bioethanol production is well established 2. Technology for bioethanol production from straw is available 3. First 1 G production plant (50.000 t p.a) is in Italy in operation 4. First 1G 2 G production plant (50.000 t p.a) is in USA under construction 5. Bioethanol from straw can replace a large part of fossil fuel. 6. Local biofuel production reduces dependence on energy imports. 7. Local biofuel production ensures supply security.
Conclusions and Outlook II Integration if 1 G 2 G Bioethanol plant is synergistic Common logistic Common downstream processing Common workpower Etc.
Thank you
Working group Bioethanolics Thank you for attention A.Jaeger@fh-wels.at