Course: TCS 201 Telecommunication and Networks I (3 credits compulsory) Course Duration: The course shall comprise of 45hours of theory and practical classes. The theory will be taught for 30hours of 2hours in a week while the practical session will be for 1hour in a week as taught in the year 2010/2011 academic session Lecturer: Engr. Olawoyin, Lukman Abiodun (MNSE, C.Eng) M.sc in Modern Digital Communication Systems (Sussex, UK) Specialist in Telecommunications B.sc in Electrical/Electronic Engineering (Akure, Nigeria) Email: lolawoyin@yahoo.com, olawoyin.la@unilorin.edu.ng Location: 10F19 (Block 10) Consultation Hours: Tuesdays and Wednesday: 10:00hrs 15:00hrs Course Content Overview of Basic Telecommunications Network, Transmission, Network Standards and Standards Organizations Conventional Telephone, Microphone, Earphone, Switching, Signaling, operation of a, Signals Carried over the Network, types of Information and their requirements, Communication patterns, transmission impairments, Signals and Systems, multiple access, error detection and correction. The Advantages (Benefits) and Disadvantages (Costs) of Networking, Fundamental Network Characteristics, Network topology, Protocols,, Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Networks, Messages, Types and Sizes of Networks, LANs, WANs, TCP/IP Course This course will introduce students into the notion, nature, choice and applications of various telecommunication networks, the concept of switching, signaling, the historical background of conventional telephone, transducers, different types of information and their requirement. Also, students will learn different communication patterns, transmission impairment. The second part of the course will introduce students into the concepts of networking, their characteristics, network topology, network protocols, network standard and different standard organizations, type and sizes of network. The last part of the course will expose students into the area of modern day internet such as local Area Networks (LANs), Wide area Networks (WAN), Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Course Objectives The main objective s of this course is to introduce the students into the various aspect of telecommunication science ranging from olden day telephony system into the modern day internet technology method of sending both the data and voice communication techniques. At the end of this course student should be able to; 1. describe the meaning of telecommunication networks 2. explain the concepts of switch signaling 3. list different type of telephony systems 4. highlight different transmission impairments 5. explain network topology and list different types available 6. understand different network topologies and their differences 7. explain LANs, WANs, MANs and Internet 8. describe TCP/IP in detail Course Requirements Students are expected to have minimum of 75% attendance of classes before they can be allowed to sit for semester examinations. Students are required to submit their assignments in word processed format electronically. Every student should have a yahoo mail account for online discussions
Methods of Grading S/N Types of Grading Score (%) 1 Test 10 2 Practical 10 3 Assignment 5 4 Final Examination 70 5 Online interaction 5 TOTAL 100 Course Delivery Strategies Face-to-face methods will be used including power point presentations as well as group discussions and tutorial. Online interaction is mandatory upon all students Week 1: General Review of the Course Objectives: This is the general introduction of the courses and provides an overview to the students, and introduces the students to definition of various components of the courses. General overview of the course Definition and introduction to basic concept of Telecommunication and Networks 1. Define telecommunications. 2. Define networks. 3. List two or more electrical telecommunications systems. 4. What do you understand by the term (i) unidirectional (ii) bidirectional services 5. What are the most advantages of global telecommunications systems 1. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003): Introduction to Telecommunications network engineering, artech house second edition pp 1-6 ISBN 978-1580535007 Week 2: Telecommunications History, Standards and transducers Objectives: This introduces student to history of telecommunication, different standards available and telecommunication transducers
History of telecommunication and standards Telecommunication transducers 1. List the historical evolution of telecommunications. 2. Describe briefly telegraph and telephony 3. Explain the meaning of telecommunication standards 4. List four importance of telecommunication standards 5. Why is it often difficult to achieve a common understanding of and approve global standards? 1. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003): Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering, artech house Second Edition page 7-15 ISBN 978-1580535007 2. Telecommunication standards Published January 2003 available at http://cr.ucdavis.edu/policies/crtelecommunicationsstandardsjan2003.pdf downloaded on 22nd September, 2011 Week 3: Switching systems Objectives: This introduces students to telephone switching system Telephone exchange Switching Hierarchy 1. What are the basic differences between the public and private telecommunications networks? 2. List a few examples of public and private networks. 3. What is ISDN? 4. How does the service and structure of the subscriber interface differ from the conventional analog telephone service? 5. How does an IN differ from conventional fixed telephone network? List some examples of IN services. 1. Anttalainen 1&3, T.( 2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering artech house, Second Edition Page 33-75 ISBN 978-1580535007 2. Lathi 1, B.P (1998). Modern Digital and Analogue Communication Systems, Third Edition, page 14-24 ISBN-13: 978-0195110098 Week 4: Signaling Systems Objectives: By the end of this topic, students would be able to: Define signaling system Know different types of signaling Draw the diagram of each types Definition signaling Different types of signaling and their diagrams Study questions 1. What is the total offered traffic intensity from a PBX/PABX to PSTN if 10 calls are made, each with a duration of 6 minutes during 1 hour? 2. Define signaling
3. State the importance of signaling systems 4. Explain the basic principle of telephone call routing through the switching hierarchy to another region of the country. 5. Describe how dialed digits are transferred from a subscriber s telephone to the local exchange. 1. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering artech house, Second Edition Page 33-75 ISBN 978-1580535007 2. Lathi 1, B.P (1998). Modern Digital and Analogue Communication Systems, Third Edition, page 14-24 ISBN-13: 978-0195110098 Week 5: Information Systems and their Requirements Objectives: At the end of this topic, students would be able to: Explain the meaning of information theory State the Shannon s law of information theory Students will be exposed to the concept of information systems Explain the Shannon s law and practice some worked examples including class work 1. State Shannon s law. 2. Explain the difference between data transmission and conventional telephony systems. 3. Explain what you understand briefly on mouth-to-ear delay. 4. What is continuous wave modulation and why is it often used in transmission systems? 5. Explain how the radio wave propagation modes differ at (a) low-frequency,(b) medium frequency, and (c) and ultra high frequency bands. 1. Dunlop 1&2, J & Smith D.G (1998). Telecommunication Engineering Stanley Thornes, Third Edition pp 33-38 ISBN 0-7487-4044-9 Week 6: Transmission Impairment Objectives: Describe transmission impairment, causes, effects and possible solutions Overview of transmission impairment, causes and definition of some basic terms Effect of transmission impairment on transmission systems 1. Discuss the causes of transmission impairment 2. Justify the need to correct transmission impairment? 3. List three causes of impairment in transmission system 4. Give at least three transmission impairments encountered in an analog switch 5. The maximum distance between two terrestrial microwave dishes, d, is given by the expression: d= 7.14 Kh, where h is the height of the dishes above ground and K is a factor that allows for the curvature of the earth. Assuming k=4/3, determine d for selected values of h. 1. Computers and Hardware Resources available on the internet downloaded on 24th September, 2011 http://www.ligaturesoft.com/data_communications/trans-impairment.html 2. Halsall 2 F (2005). Computer Networking and the Internet Addison Wesley Fifth edition pp 23 3. Roger 3 L, Freeman (2004). Telecommunication System Engineering JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., Fourth Edition pp 140-148 4. Forouzan 3, B. (2004). Data Communication and Networking McGraw-Hill, Fourth edition Chapter 3 Week 7. Multiple Access
Objectives: At the end of this topic, students will be able Understand multiple access List different types of multiple access techniques Basic introduction to Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) DSSS signal generation and demodulation 1. Explain direct sequence spread spectrum 2. How does direct sequence spread spectrum realize it special features? 3. A typical spreading sequence used in direct sequence spread spectrum systems is the 11- bit binary sequence 10110111000. Determine and plot the autocorrelation for this sequence for plus and minus 10 bits either side of it. 4. State four applications of direct sequence spread spectrum 5. Explain the use of chipping code in direct sequence spread spectrum 1. Lathi 1, B.P (1998). Modern Digital and Analogue Communication Systems, Third Edition, page 407-410 ISBN-13: 978-0195110098 2. Halsall 2 F (2005). Computer Networking and the Internet Addison Wesley Fifth edition page 760-766 Week 8: Multiple Access Continued Objectives: At the end of this topic students would be able to: Practice some worked example on DSSS Understand the Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Practice some worked example on FHSS Give a real analogy of FHSS Solutions to some tutorial questions on direct sequence spread spectrum Basic explanation of frequency hopping spread spectrum 1. With the aid of a well-labeled diagram, explain FHSS 2. Explain slow frequency hopping (SFH) 3. Explain fast frequency hopping (FFH) 4. Compare and contrast SFH & FFH 5. List four areas of spread spectrum technology 1. Lathi 1, B.P (1998). Modern Digital and Analogue Communication Systems, Third Edition, page 407-410 ISBN-13: 978-0195110098 2. Halsall 2 F (2005). Computer Networking and the Internet Addison Wesley Fifth edition page 760-766 3. Roger 1 L, Freeman (2004). Telecommunication System Engineering John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Fourth Edition pp 555-557 4. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Artech House, Second Edition Page 210-212 ISBN 978-1580535007 Week 9: Multiple Access Continued Objectives: At the end of this topic, student would be able to Explain multiple access in wireless communication Understand different types of multiple access Explain Time Division Multiple Access Explain Frequency Division Multiple Access
Explain the meaning of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Multiple access in wireless communication Time division multiple access Frequency division multiple access Code Division Multiple Access 1. In a DSSS system, the chip clock frequency is 10 MHz and the data transmission speed is 250 kbit/s. What is the minimum acceptable S/N ratio at the DSSS receiver input, knowing that the minimum S/N ratio, after correlation (bandwidth reduction) of the received DSSS signal in the receiver, required to achieve a certain error probability is 6 db? 2. state two of the major advantages of TDMA? 3. A certain cellular system voice channel information rate is 9.6 kbits/s and the RF spread bandwidth is 9.6 MHz. What is the processing gain? 4. Explain code division multiple access 5. Discuss briefly, multiple access in wireless communication. 1. Lathi 1, B.P (1998). Modern Digital and Analogue Communication Systems, Third Edition, page, 345 407-410 &413 ISBN-13: 978-0195110098 2. Halsall 2 F (2005). Computer Networking and the Internet Addison Wesley Fifth edition page 760-766 3. Roger 1 L, Freeman (2004). Telecommunication System Engineering John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Fourth Edition pp 555-557 4. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Artech House, Second Edition Page 210-212 ISBN 978-1580535007 5. Telecommunications Communications Technologies on the internet and accessed on 25th September, 2011 http://www.labvolt.com/downloads/download/cwa8087_50.pdf Week 10: Networks Topology and Protocols Objectives: At the end of this topic, students would be able to Explain what topology means in telecommunication networking List the different types of network topology Understand the meaning of protocols Discuss the Open System Interconnect model Basic introduction to networks topology Open System Interconnect (OSI) model 1. Explain network topology 2. Name the three basic LAN topologies (i.e., network types). Name a fourth type that is a subset of one of the basic topologies. 3. State unique characteristics of each of these topologies. 4. List the OSI model in ascending order 5. Discuss each of the layers of OSI model briefly 1. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Artech House, Second Edition Page 296 ISBN 978-1580535007
2. Roger 1 L, Freeman (2004). Telecommunication System Engineering John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Fourth Edition pp 427 Week 11: Test Objectives This will be used to evaluate student comprehension of the course since the beginning of the term Class test Brief discussion on the test and provide a solution to the students Week 12: Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Objectives: By the end of this lecture, students should be able to Understand the meaning of circuit switching Understand the meaning of packet switching Differentiate between packet and circuit switching Circuit switching Packet switching 1. Explain circuit switching 2. Explain packet switching 3. What do we mean by physical circuits and virtual circuits? How does the packet-switching principle based on datagram transmission differ from the switching based on virtual circuits? Compare their advantages and disadvantages. 4. List three examples of both circuit- and packet-switched networks. 5. Explain the basic principle and structure of the OSI reference model. 6. Explain the principle of data flow in the layered protocol hierarchy from the application layer through the lower layers to the physical channel. Explain also what happens in the protocol stack of the receiving computer until the data arrive at the application software at the other end of the connection. 1. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Artech House, Second Edition Page 327 ISBN 978-1580535007 2. Roger 1 L, Freeman (2004). Telecommunication System Engineering John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Fourth Edition pp 427 Week 13: Standardization and Standard Organizations Objectives: At the end of this topic, students would be able to Know different standard organizations available within a country Know the importance standard organization Know different types of standard organization s Standardization Standards Organizations 1. Why do we need standard organizations 2. State the importance of standard organizations to the local manufacturer 3. List three types of standards
4. With the aid of diagram, explain the difference between European standards organizations and American standards organization 5. Why is it often difficult to achieve a common understanding of and approve global standards? Explain both political and business interests. 1. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Artech House, Second Edition Chapter 1 ISBN 978-1580535007 2. The TCP/IP Guide: A TCP/IP Reference You Can Understand an online journal available on the internet and downloaded on 22 nd September, 2011 Week 14: LANs, WANs, TCP/IP Objectives: At the end of this topic, student should be able to Understand The meaning of Local Area Networks Understand Wide Area Networks Understand other forms of network techniques Explain the concept of TCP/IP s LANs, WANs, MANs, PANs TCP/IP 1. Why do we use a layered protocol structure in data communications? 2. Explain the basic principle and structure of the OSI reference model. Compare the TCP/IP stack with the OSI reference model. 3. Explain the basic structure, operation, and a characteristic of LANs.What does the LAN protocol CDMA/CD refers to, that is, how does it operate in principle? 4. Relate the IEEE 802 LAN standards to the seven-layer OSI model. Describe the sub layering involved. 5. Assume that the only delay in a LAN is cable propagation delay. Signal speed in cable is 70% of the speed of light. What would be the maximum distance between computers in an Ethernet LAN connected to the same hubs in the same collision domain for a network data rate of (a) 10 Mbps, (b) 100 Mbps, and (c) 1 Gbps? The minimum frame length is 64 bytes. (Assume here that no carrier extension is used.) 1. Lathi 1, B.P (1998). Modern Digital and Analogue Communication Systems, Third Edition, ISBN- 13: 978-0195110098 2. Halsall 2 F (2005). Computer Networking and the Internet Addison Wesley Fifth edition 3. Roger 1 L, Freeman (2004). Telecommunication System Engineering John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Fourth Edition 4. Anttalainen 1&3, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Artech House, Second Edition ISBN 978-1580535007 Week 15: General revision class Objective: This is to engage the student in general review of the course since the beginning of the semester Revision Questions 1. Assume that the only delay in a LAN is cable propagation delay. Signal speed in cable is 70% of the speed of light. What would be the maximum distance between computers in an Ethernet LAN connected to the same hubs in the same collision domain for a network data rate of (a) 10 Mbps, (b) 100 Mbps, and (c) 1 Gbps? The minimum frame length is 64 bytes. (Assume here that no carrier extension is used.) 2. Differentiate LAN routers with LAN switches.
3. Give one specific environment where WLANs are attractive. 4. What are the two basic components of an infrastructure WLAN? 5. Based on IEEE 802.11 standard, what would be the principal advantage of a DSSS over a FHSS WLAN system? 6. What are the two principal frequency bands of WLANs? 7. What would be the principal thing we are looking for on a propagation survey for a WLAN system? 8. Given a 500-m length of coaxial cable with access at each extreme, in what time period can a collision occur after station 1 transmits? Assume a velocity of propagation of 2 108 m/s. 9. Define topology regarding data networks. 10. Give at least four major differences between WANs and LANs. 11. How does IP use source routing? 12. In what way does ICMP help IP? 13. What do we mean by physical circuits and virtual circuits? How does the packet-switching principle based on datagram transmission differ from the switching based on virtual circuits? Compare their advantages and disadvantages. 14. Give at least three transmission impairments encountered in an analog switch 15. The maximum distance between two terrestrial microwave dishes, d, is given by the expression: d= 7.14 Kh, where h is the height of the dishes above ground and K is a factor that allows for the curvature of the earth. Assuming k=4/3, determine d for selected values of h. 16. How does the service and structure of the subscriber interface differ from the conventional analog telephone service? 17. How does an IN differ from conventional fixed telephone network? List some examples of IN services. 18. Explain the principle of data flow in the layered protocol hierarchy from the application layer through the lower layers to the physical channel. Explain also what happens in the protocol stack of the receiving computer until the data arrive at the application software at the other end of the connection. 19. Why is it often difficult to achieve a common understanding of and approve global standards? 20. List and explain different telecommunication transducers 1. Rappaport (2003): Wireless Communications- Principle-And-Practice 2nd edition ISBN 4500578 2. Schiller J (2003) Mobile Communications, Pearson Education 2nd edition, ISBN 0321123816 3. Mishra A. J. (2007), Advanced Cellular Networks Planning and Optimization 2G/2.5G/3G Evolution to 4G, John Wiley and Sons Ltd ISBN 13 978-0-470-01471-4, 4.. Lee W.C (2006), Wireless and Cellular Telecommunications, McGRAW-HILL, ISBN 0-07-150141-X 5. Anttalainen, T. (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Artech House, Second Edition Chapter 1 ISBN 978-1580535007 6. The TCP/IP Guide: A TCP/IP Reference You Can Understand an online journal available on the internet and downloaded on 22nd September, 2011 7. Lathi, B.P (1998). Modern Digital and Analogue Communication Systems, Third Edition, page, 345 407-410 &413 ISBN-13: 978-0195110098 8. Halsall F (2005). Computer Networking and the Internet Addison Wesley Fifth edition page 760-766 9. Roger L, Freeman (2004). Telecommunication System Engineering John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Fourth Edition