Toyota commercialises its first diesel hybrid Toyota Dyna is now the cleanest diesel commercial vehicle of its type In September 2003, Toyota introduced the Toyota Dyna Hybrid in Japan. This makes Dyna the vehicle with the highest number of eco-friendly powertrains in the world. Hybrid, Toyota D-CAT, DPR, CNG and LPG are all available in the Dyna line-up. Toyota Dyna is one of the oldest Toyota models to date, its first generation dating to 1956. During almost 50 years, more than 3,200,000 units were produced and 6 generations were introduced to the market. A commercial vehicle has substantial impact on the environment due to its size. Therefore, it became foundamental for Toyota to develop technical solutions that make commercial vehicles cleaner. Toyota applied its groundbreaking environmental technology to Dyna, its largest light commercial vehicle. As a result, in Japan Toyota Dyna is now available with a wide range of eco-friendly powertrains: diesel hybrid, diesel equipped with Toyota D-CAT (Diesel Clean Advanced Technology), diesel with DPR (Diesel Particulate Reduction catalyst), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). Toyota Dyna Diesel Hybrid This vehicle s hybrid system couples a 4.0-litre common-rail diesel engine with 110 kw (150 DIN hp) to an ultra-slim electric motor-generator. The system also uses a Ni-MH (Nickel Metal Hydride) battery pack identical to the one used in the first-generation Toyota Prius. The hybrid system adopts a parallel layout, different from the series-parallel configuration adopted in Prius. The diesel engine is directly connected to the electric motor, which is coupled to the transmission.
Components of Toyota Dyna s hybrid system Toyota Dyna s hybrid system features the following stages: Starting & accelerating - parallel mode When the burden on the engine is high, the electric motor will assist the engine. Driving engine driving mode In normal driving conditions, only the diesel engine is being used. Slowdown and braking energy recycling mode In these conditions, the motor is used as a generator, using the kinetic energy to recharge the batteries.
Idle stop mode When the vehicle stops, the engine will automatically be turned off. The driver can choose to use this system or not. Power supply to other equipment The electric motor can also be used to supply energy to other equipment on the truck. To make Dyna Diesel Hybrid even cleaner, the exhaust system is equipped with a diesel particle reduction catalyst (DPR), which efficiently reduces PM (particulate matter) emissions by 85%. When compared with a conventional Dyna equipped with a diesel engine, the Dyna Diesel Hybrid achieves a 30% reduction in fuel consumption, producing 25% less CO 2 emissions (measured in the Japanese test cycle). This makes Dyna Diesel Hybrid the ideal commercial vehicle to use in highly populated areas. Toyota Dyna DPR The Toyota Dyna DPR is equipped with a DPR (Diesel Particle Reduction) catalyst. DPR catalyst The DPR is formed by an oxidation catalyst, to which a porous filter was added. This catalyst traps the PM (particulate matter) emitted by the diesel engine and reduces it to CO 2 and vapour. In the Japanese test mode, a Toyota Dyna equipped with DPR produces 85% less PM emissions.
Toyota Dyna D-CAT DPNR catalyst This version of Dyna adopts the revolutionary Toyota D-CAT system, already used in the Toyota Avensis D-4D D-CAT. Toyota D-CAT combines several advanced features with the purpose of reducing exhaust emissions. The most prominent component of Toyota D-CAT is DPNR (Diesel Particulate NO X Reduction), an exhaust aftertreatment device that combines a particle filter with a NO X reduction catalyst, used with the intent to drastically reduce PM and NO X. In the DPNR purification process, during conventional lean-burn combustion, particulate matter is first oxidised using active oxygen which has been created when NO X is temporarily stored inside the catalytic converter. Then, when the engine momentarily switches to low-oxygen stoichiometric (rich) combustion, the stored NO X is reduced, producing more active oxygen. This additional oxygen is used to further oxidise particulate matter inside the catalytic converter. Variable Nozzle Turbocharger NO X emissions. Besides the DPNR, Toyota D-CAT incorporates other technical refinements to reduce emissions. A water-cooled EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system reduces the temperature of the recirculated exhaust gasses, which also contributes to lower NO X emissions. In addition, a powercontrolled VNT (Variable Nozzle Turbocharger) provides the adequate amount of intake air volume for each driving condition. The VNT also contributes to a reduction in PM and The use of Toyota D-CAT leads to a reduction in NO X and PM emissions of 80% (Toyota D- CAT requires fuel with low sulfur content). In addition, the DPNR catalyst is maintenance-free and doesn t require any additives. Toyota Dyna CNG Toyota Dyna is also available in Japan in a CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) version. The engine used in this vehicle derives from a petrol powertrain, which has been specially re-
developed to run on CNG. Through the use of a higher compression ratio the efficiency of this engine is improved, making it more adapted to the characteristics of this type of fuel. Compared with an equivalent diesel engine, this unit promotes a 99% reduction of NO X emissions. Toyota Dyna LPG This factory-built version of Dyna runs on LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), a fuel already used across Europe. Dyna LPG is available with two different power units, a 4.1-litre (116 DIN hp) and 2.7-litre (111 DIN hp), available to power the 2-ton and 1-ton versions of Dyna. Both these units were specially re-developed to run on LPG. Among the technologies used for LPG are a ternary catalyst and special sensors. For further information please contact: Fabio Capano Tel.: +32 2 745 33 22 E-mail: fabio.capano@toyota-europe.com Olivier Gelas Tel.: +32 2 745 23 88 E-mail: olivier.gelas@toyota-europe.com Pedro Pacheco Tel.: +32 2 745 20 26 E-mail: pedro.pacheco@toyota-europe.com Product Communications fax +32 2 745 20 98 Media website address http://www.toyota-media.com