NE BRAZIL TRIP REPORT 7 January to 2 February 2014 General The team on a 24 days venture in North-east Brazil was Tau Rasmussen, Niels Poul Dreyer, both from Denmark and Jeff Skevington from Canada. Our aim was to see the special birds of this part of the world. Consequently, our route was quite similar to the classic north-east Brazil trip advertised by tour companies. During our trip we could envision many possibilities for new sites in the area especially in the cerrado and catinga region. We were greatfull for practical help from Fred Tavares, Brazil Adventuras. We found most of the endemic birds and saw about 450 species including 90 country endemics and 53 restricted range species (3 critically endangered, 11 endangered, 14 vulnerable, 25 near-threatened) but I would guess we could have seen perhaps 10 more special species if we had a fulltime guide. We decided to have at least two nights at each place and about 2-3 days in order to avoid too many conjunctive driving days. The trip went well most of the time and we had few logistical problems. However driving and navigation is an issue as indicated in the driving section. In many places, especially in Alagoas and the nearby provinces south of Recife, the habitat has been decimated to such a degree that it had affected our birding in many ways. Many species have become very rare and are now hard to find. Additionally, environmental change also affected our happiness and enjoyment. On the other hand, the rest of our route was very enjoyable and many sites still possess good habitat. This was especially the case around Itacaré, Serra Bonito and in the dry areas at Chapadera Dimentina, Canudos and Crato. In hindsight, I would personally have chosen to finish the trip in Fortaleza which is 500 km to the north of Crato, instead of returning to Salvador via Alagoas. In that way we would have picked up 5-6 extra birds against 11-12 additional new special species we picked up during the last five days on the trip. This is a trip for the fit, young and keen birder. Otherwise I would recommend narrowing the trip down to the few really good sites in Bahia. I would guess such a round trip including the coast, Dimantina and Canudos can be conducted with less than 2500 km of driving during three weeks. I have included Canudos in this proposal because I believe the Lear s macaw spectacle in the canyon must not be missed. Finally it is worth to mention that we were surprised to see so few raptors on our route. To our dismay, we saw only a few Barn Swallows at one site on the entire trip! This is a North American migrant that should be widespread and common. There is something rotten in this part of the world. Contact Niels Poul Dreyer, www.dreyerfoto.dk, npd@dreyerfoto.dk Jeff Skevington jhskevington@gmail.com Tau Rasmussen tausneugle@hotmail.com
Flights From Europe took an eight hour flight with TAP Portugal from Copenhagen via Lisboan to Salvador and return. Jeff, from Ottawa Canada, had a more complicated trip via Sao Paulo. The weather caused his flight to be cancelled and he arrived nearly three days later than planned and had to overnight in Sao Paulo. From what I understand, American Airlines has opened a direct route from Miami to Salvador. It is possible to return from Recife and Fortaleza with TAP Portugal. Possible Guides Contacts are given below if you want a guided tour or help in planning. They are all busy so be in good time. Agents and guides Frederico Tavares operations@brasilaventuras.com.br Paulo Boute www.boute-expeditions.com Ciro Albano http://www.nebrazilbirding.com/ Local guides: Leo Patrial (lives in Itacare Bahia and knows very well most of the regions you re covering): leopatrial@gmail.com Ricardo Parrini rparrini@hotmail.com Marcelo Holderbaum jmholderbaum@gmail.com who know very well all the places in the state of Ceara. Please note when you visit the site http://www.brasilaventuras.com.br/site/ it is possible to watch a slide show of the birds and birding sites. Our Boa Nova guide : Josafá Sampaio de Almeida josafa.boanova@yahoocom.br. Financial Arrangements We booked and prepaid Fred Tavares from Brazil Adventuras to arrange hotels and two 4 WD drive trips at Murici. The payment was US$ 2100 each. I had some trouble to wire the sum to the bank in Brazil. The instructions were confusing as two account numbers and swift addresses were given. It cost me 71 dollars extra and a month of uncertainty to retrieve the failed transfer before wiring the money again. Jeff also had difficulty and had to request additional information three times before completing the transaction (due to constantly changing requirements for wire transfers). It would be great if operators in Brazil started to take credit cards. Even charging a percentage for this service would make it worthwhile in many ways (less confusion, simple for the payee, insurance in case the operator goes out of business, and with a predefined cost - electronic transfers are very expensive in some countries like Canada and have no predetermined cost (very unnerving). Contact: http://www.brasilaventuras.com.br/site/ The total cost of the trip was about 4500 dollars per person from Copenhagen, but a little bit more expensive from Ottawa due to the extra costs for domestic flights.
Equipment Jeff brought songs and calls for all birds and an ipod for playback. Niels brought Sennheiser recording gear and Roland playback. Jeff had a portable Garmin GPS device that he preloaded with hotel data and specific bird locations (from ebird and trip reports). Driving: We hired a Fiat Siena Flex 1.4 Hatchback from Hertz. The total cost was Real 5533,11 = US$ 2313 which included allowance for 3 drivers, GPS and insurance. We drove 6666 km in the car during our 24 days venture. The route is found on the attached map. In retrospect we could at least have saved 700 km of driving, if we left Brazil via Recife instead of Salvador. The main loss from this would have been to miss our last day in the Estancia forest fragment which was actually a very good birding site. We prebooked our hotels in advance with Fred Travares from Brazil Adventuras to save time and navigation challenges upon arrival to all destinations. In that way the trip was locked up and we could not be flexible. That may be an advantage as it saved us from discussing all the time what to do. The disadvantage is that it is hard to optimize birding. Jeff had marked all the hotels on Google Earth and extracted GPS data from it. From a hand held GPS with downloaded coordinates we could navigate to our hotels most of the time, but some hotels in Boa Nova, Caritité, and Murugé were marked on the main square in town. By asking in town we found those hotels within a half and hour in most cases. Other hotels were spot on. The GPS from Hertz could only be used as a guide, as the maps are not updated or were out of order. This GPS confused us on the first day and because of this we were unable to find the ferry, which was tantamount to extra seven hours drive on the first day to Itacaré from Salvador. No hotels were available on the GPS from Hertz. In towns we often lost our way and had to ask for directions. As nobody speaks English, it was at times a challenge and we had to repeatedly ask many times. Note that in most cases it would have been easy to roll into a town and book a hotel. If you don t mind dealing with the unknown, have some knowledge of Portuguese, and realize you will have to leave the field early some days to find accommodation; you can save yourself a fair bit of money. In retrospect, despite the extra money and lost flexibility, we were very happy to have paid Fred to arrange this aspect of our trip for us. Driving in Northeast Brazil is a challenge as the roads are in variable condition. Coming into town may bring you in on an excellent road while the same road out the other side of town may be appalling. Our average speed on bad roads was below 20kph and involved intense concentration to avoid the massive potholes. Over the course of a typical day, our average speed on the roads was 50 kph. One big nuciance were the ramdomly placed speed bumbs in highly unpredictable sites along the roads that were often so high profiled that we had to cross them sideways. Some times warning signs were missing. This was especially a problem when driving at night. We had a few impressive take offs and hard landings, especially on the first day. The best way to predict them coming is to watch the vehicles ahead.
On major roads marked as red on the map, trucks posed a problem in the hilly country as they are difficult to pass due to blind views on hills and winding roads plus heavy traffic in the opposite direction. On yellow secondary roads (typically paved and in good condition) we encountered three very extensive bad areas with massive holes in the asphalt as mentioned above.. On other sections we could travel 100 kph without much traffic. The white tertiary roads are generally gravel and slow to drive on. Recently some roads have been paved and upgraded such as the road from the main highway to Canudos. The BA-262 en route to Boa Nova is in a serious condition with many and huge potholes. On five occasions we were very close to accidents. On the first day during a violent thunderstorm from Salvador to Itacaré we almost hit a fallen tree in the dark on the Itabuna Ilhéus road. Steam from condensation on the windscreen caused by torrential rain, made it virtually impossible to see. On the same drive we almost lost control of the car on a steep curve downhill slope in the rain between Serrra Grande and Itacaré. Tired and stressed out on a 13 hour drive caused by a lot of mistakes in navigation increased the risk of an accident to a great degree. The third incident occurred in Catité. In town, I nearly hit a motorcyclist passing illegally on our left as we were turning. The forth incident happened on a motorway south of Maceió towards Aracaju when a red car stopped in the middle of the road with no warning. Hard breaking with burning tires must have been a big shock for that driver! The worst incident occurred south of Aracaju on the same day when Tau tried to overtake a truck traveling at 100 kph on a two lane highway with an intersection to the right. A tanker came along and did not initially stop at an intersection with a stop sign. While it slowly moved into our lane before finally stopping, Tau successfully navigated our car in the narrow gap between the two trucks. We tried to avoid driving at night except when we were birding locally. On two occasions we did not succeed in this endeavor and in both instances it was caused by problems with the road, weather and navigation errors. In order to ensure safe travel and avoid night driving we had to leave birding sites earlier than preferred. Drive from to Km Hours/ Issue Salvador Itacaré 350 13/5 (Navigation) Itacaré Camacan 155 3,5 (Trucks) Camacan Pt Seguro 179 3 (Many trucks) Pt Seguro Boa Nova 450 9 (Bad section) Boa Nova Caetité 300 6 (Navigation) Caetité Mucugê 300 9 (Bad road) Mucugê Lincois 125 6/3 (Birding) Lincois Canudos 550 8 (Good road) Canudos Crato 650 7 (Many trucks) Crato Uniao dos 700 10 (Good road)
Palmares Uniao dos Tamandere 200 4 (Bad sections) Palmares Tamandare Estancia 700 10 (Many trucks) Estancia Salvador 250 3 (Excellent driving)
Hotel Information and Itinerary: A day before we arrived to any of the hotels Fred called them to reconfirm our bookings to ensure that everything was set for our stay. We did not have any problems settling our bills with our prepaid hotels and everyone was expecting us. January 7 th to January 8 th Salvador Mar Brasil Hotel Address: Rua Flamengo, 44- Farol de Itapuã Salvador Bahia Brasil Tel: + 55 71 3285.7339 A nice resort with computer, internet, swimming pool and good atmosphere January 8 th to January 9 th Itacare Pousada Vila dos Passaros Address: Rua Peroba, 7 Itacare Bahia Phone: + 55 73 3251.3480 This is a lovely pousada in a cozy town with access to good restaurants in town. January 9 th to January 12 th Serra Bonita Reserva Serra Bonita - http://www.uiracu.org.br/en/visite A fantastic lodge in the wilderness, the compound was a bit far away from the lodge. Please visit http://www.uiracu.org.br/en/serrabonita.html January 12 th to January 14 th Porto Seguro Hotel Quinta do Sol Address: Avenida Beira Mar, KM 1 Praia de Curuípe Porto Seguro BA Phone: + 55 73 3268.6500 A nice resort at the beach. January 14 th to January 16 th Boa Nova Hotel Solar Address: Rua Duque de Caxias, 7 Centro Boa Nova - BA Phone: + 55 77 9995.1945 This is a basic hotel 300 meters from the city square. They were able to supply breakfast early. A nice eating place is found around the corner. January 16 th to January 18 th Caetité Hotel Porto do Sol Address: Rua José J. de Oliveira, Nº 1 - Bairro Chácara - Caetité BA Phone: + 55 77 3454.3000 This hotel is in a tall building in modern style found on the north-west side of main highway towards Guanambi on BR030 from Brumnado opposite the city centre not far from the main route to birding sites. No restaurant in the hotel. Due to festival we had a difficult time finding anything to eat anything other than a pizza.
January 18 th to January 21 st Mucugê Pousada Mucugê Address: Rua Dr. Rodrigues Lima, 30 - Cidade Monumento Mucugê BA Phone: + 55 75 3338.2210 This is a very nice pousada in a historic building. No restaurant in the hotel, but several good ones are found only a few hundred meters away. January 21 st to January 23 rd Lencois Pousada Casa da Geléia Address: Rua General Viveiros, 187 Centro Lencois BA Phone: + 55 75 3334.1151 Apart from Serra Bonita, this was the only place with a garden with flowers, feeders and hummingbirds on our trip. However the lady paints bees with pesticides to remove them from the feeders, which we find odd for a place that is trying to be natural. Any food had to be pre-booked so we had to eat elsewhere. Breakfast was placed on the table in the early morning. Ask for milk in the freezer the day before. They were not flexible with cooked breakfast before 7.30 am. The pousada is found in town on the road behind, but not far from the petrol station. January 23 rd to January 25 th Canudos Hotel Brasil Address: Avenida JK, 26 Centro Canudos BA Phone: + 55 75 3494.2039 This is a basic hotel, but they are good at catering to the needs of birders. This was one of two places on the trip we met a tour group. We met the same Birdquest group again in União dos Palmares. We ran into Paulo Boute here (leading a tour). He was very helpful and gave us advice for finding some of the local birds as well as helping us to order our food and set up our breakfast times. This would have been very difficult without his help as no one here spoke any English. January 25 th to January 27 th Crato Hotel Encosta da Serra Address: Avenida Pedro Felício Cavalcante, 1898 Grangeiro Crato CE Phone: + 55 88 3521.6515 The hotel is outside town on BR122 toward Picos. It is a nice resort overlooking the vally in the front of the escarpment. January 27 th to January 29 th Uniao dos Palmares Quilombo Park Hotel Address: BR 104, KM 35 Fazenda Frios União dos Palmares - AL Phone: + 55 82 9989.3100 This hotel is a resort-like place in a hilly slope with long walks between the premises. This was the only place the patron spoke English. Unfortunately spraying with insecticides killed all the interesting critters in the garden and the place showed little signs of life. A marshland below the lodge had crakes and a few water birds. They were
well prepared with breakfast and packed lunches early in the morning, but we had to pay R 20 each for this service. Our bill for two full days was R 750 for 3 people for food and breakfast. January 29 th to January 31 st Tamandare Pousada Baia dos Corais Address: Rua Miramar, S/N Bairro do Farol - Tamandare PE Phone: + 55 81 3676.1212 This resort is found at the beach. All facilities were available including a game room, hammocks, swimming pool and a bar. The staff was not fantastic so we ate in an excellent restaurant at the opposite end of town. The owner in reception spoke English. January 31 st to February 1 st Estancia Hotel Estanciano Address: Praça Barão do Rio Branco, 176 Estância SE Phone: + 55 79 3522. 1404 The hotel is at the main square. It is a basic hotel in a noisy location. It was difficult to park in the area. Food In general we had one grand meal daily in the evening at our destination. For breakfast and lunch we had sandwiches and cereal bought in a grocery store. Tau had brought his trangia cooking stove along, so we were able to boil water for coffee. Shopping was done en route between birding sites. We bought a large water container and used it to refill our plastic bottles in order to avoid too much waste. The food was at times a bit plain but adequate. The choice was often only between meat, potato, rice, beans and vegetables or pizza. In Brazil it was most common to pay by weight of the food. A meal cost between R 15 to 50 depending on the place and drinks. Weather At the coast we had rain showers every day and the mornings were generally cloudy with rain most of the time. Afternoons were generally sunny with few clouds. Inland north of Mucugê we had mostly dry weather with clouds and sunny at times. Wind came from east and south-east and was fresh at times. Health I had bot flies (Gasterophilus sp.) infesting four spots in my body upon return to Denmark. Typically, the only bot fly infesting humans is the Human Bot Fly (Dermatobia hominis). Fully developed eggs are laid by Human Bot Flies on other biting flies (mosquitoes, horse flies, etc.). The egg hatches the moment that the biting fly lands on a warm host to blood feed. The bot fly larva then penetrates the host skin and develops. They are uncomfortable but typically harmless. Gasterophilus species typically attack ungulates like horses and are very rarely recorded in humans. They live either in the intestines or sinus cavities of ungulate hosts (depending on the species). When they
do get onto humans the larva move under the skin leaving tunnels and can cause serious damage if they get into the wrong places. They do not complete development, sometimes leading to further complications if not removed. I had pain after returning home and the wounds were swollen. I had to see a tropical doctor in Denmark who removed three of the four larvae (after initial misdiagnoses as Schistosomiasis and then as Dermatobia hominis). The overlooked larva did not cause any problems. It took four weeks before I was free of these little beasts. I suspect that I picked up the bots near Murici where a lot of cattle graze but cannot be sure. Specific identification of the larvae was not possible since the larvae were kept by the doctor (and misidentified by his team as Dermatobia hominis). Mohammed Tarek and Bradley Sinclair at the Canadian National Collection of Insects in Ottawa identified a larval photo I sent to Jeff Skevington as Gasterophilus sp. They require a specimen to identify the larva to species. References In this report we refer to the two great articles in Neotropical Birding Vol 6 and, vol 7 of 2010 prepared by Ciro Albano Birding in NE Brazil Part 1 and 2. If you are unable to find the PDF files from Ciro contact me on npd@dreyerfoto.dk and I will send them to you via email. We used Ber van Perlo 2009 A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil Oxford and the classic Guy Toudor, Bob Ridgley 2009 Passerines of South America Princton Press as a text reference book. Bird songs and calls were purchased by Jeff and supplemented with free downloads from Xano Canto http://www.xeno-canto.org/ We used a Roland recorder and an ipod for playback. I made recording of birds which will be uploaded on Xano Canto. If you want to see some bird pictures please visit: http://en.wikiaves.com//index.php Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/ciroalbano/videos Highlights and logistics at the Birding Sites We have only made some notes about logistics and highlights of our trip below and refer to our submitted checklists on www.ebird.com for complete lists (shown in a table under birdlists which also give you the updated GPS coordinates of each site). If you click on the checklist in ebird, a link to a map can be seen in the headline location. Click on it and a map appears in a new window and it is easy to print out. Itacaré We used Leo Patrial who lives in Itacare Bahia. He knows the area around Itacaré and beyond very well. His email is: leopatrial@gmail.com, but his internet connection is not good.
I contacted him before the trip and confirmed our arrangements. I had no reply, but when we arrived to Itacaré, the manager in the pousada knew about our arrangement with Leon and confirmed it on the phone. The next day at 5 am, we found Leon in the reception. It was a great morning and we saw more than expected. Catitu Reserve - is about 14 to 15 km driving south from the roundabout outside Itacaré on the right hand side of the road. Park your car by the entrance and just cross the gate and start birding from there. The road is BA 001. There is a second birding place, where it is possible to see Bahia Tapaculo. Fred had no distances or GPS coordinates, but he gave us the following instruction: This one you have to take BA 001 heading north. Then you take a road to the left (BA 030) heading to Ubaitaba. The place we stop for birding is about 7 or 8 km from the junction of BA 001 and BA 030. The site is on BA 030 on the right side of the road. BA 030 is a dirt road. Unfortunately we did not have time to do this. It was a great error in our planning! Serra Bonita Before we went to Serra Bonita we were in contact with Vitor Becker, the owner of the reserve, in order to organize our transfer to the reserve. First he planned to have us picked up us in Ilhéus, but it was not convenient for us, as we had to continue south to Pt Seguro after our stay at Serra Bonita. We arranged to meet him at the Petrobras gas station outside Camacan. Here we left our car in the parking lot without any problems. First, we had trouble to find this petrol station as we went into town because of a navigation error. The gas station is before the town Camacan and there is only one paved entry road to town. We paid BRL 100.00 (Brazilian currency) to Vitor each way for the transfer. Allthough most of the way up to the lodge could be done in our own car, several stretches would have been too steep and slippery. A 4WD is recommended if you want to do it yourself. If you travel by car all the way to the field station, on arriving in Camacan ask for the road to Jacareci or the estrada das torres. After travelling 10 km along this road there is a large sign on the left indicating the entrance to the reserve. Turn onto this by-road and after six kilometers uphill (250 meters to 800 meters altitude) you take a left turn. After one kilometers, congratulations!! You have arrived. Phone: Vitor Becker (owner of Serra Bonita Reserve) + 55 73 9142.8958 / + 55 73 3283.0652. Vitor speaks very good English. The facilities are located in the middle of the forest with a good view. The restaurant and rest area is a fancy outfit with a modest library. Downstairs Vitor has a huge moth collection, one of the largest in South America. From the veranda below we enjoyed many birds and a troop of Wied s Marmoset. A lonely capuchin expelled from his group came along for a feed. Vitor had a tame Brown Howler Monkey which is among the 10 most threatened primates in the world. He carried it around his neck when he went to town. If you are interested in frogs, mammals and insects, it is possible to come here and watch the scientists working on natural history. Vitor told me, it is possible to hire a herpetology student to find frogs during a week stay. Also Vitor would be able to arrange side trips looking for Lion Tamarins in the reserve.
We found most special birds on the trails from the mobile tower down to the main road. From the mobile phone transmission tower we could see a nesting Mantled Hawk, and a lot of Swallow-tailed Kites. The bird activity was good all day and we had fair weather. On the last day we went to Fazenda Uiraca which is part of Serra Bonita private reserve. On the way down the road was blocked by a fallen tree, however we manged to remove it by using a chain saw. In the lowlands we successfully found flocks of Golden-capped, Blue-throated (crowned) and White-cheeked Parakeet also called Maroon-faced Parakeet - Pyrrhura leucotis. Jeff saw a Sawbilled Hermit, which is a critical endangered hummingbird, just at a time I changed lenses on my camera and Tau looked the other way. Fortunately for Tau he found his own in Estacao Veracel reserve near Pt Seguro, while I missed it entirely. Pt Seguro We spent most of our time in Estacao Veracel, a location which is well described in Ciro Albano article. However we had trouble in finding the cotingas. It appears the best place is along the edge of the open fields north of the reserve. A telescope would be helpful to pick the cotingas in the dead trees early in the morning. Saw-billed Hermit and Rackettailed Coquette were seen in the flowers nearby. At the junction about 2 km to the south we took a stroll to the west into an open heath with lots of ground orchids and low bushes. This was the only place we saw Bahia Antwren. Parrots including the rare Bluethroated Parakeet were seen here. In the evening in twilight we had a great time watching Rufousand Scissor-tailed Nightjar and Least Nighthawk close to us. Apart from a sighting of a Maned Sloth we did not do too well here. It was a bit slow and hard to find the birds. Boa Nova We arrived to our Hotel Solar in chaos. I became ill from drinking a bottle filled with supposedly potable water, purchased in a supermarket. In a rush I went to bed. In helping get my things into the room, Tau somehow managed to leave his bag with money, passport etc under my comfortor without any of us noticing. As he thought it was stolen during the transfer of bags to the rooms, the police were called in. The manager of the hotel was accused of being negligent. After checking everywhere, the detective came to my room, lifted my bedding and found the bag. After that incident, the mood at the hotel was not the best. However we managed to organize to have Josafá Sampaio de Almeida as our local guide with an English speaking friend to help us out with the birds. I was fine the next day because I took some antibiotics (Cipro). There were three sites near Boa Nova. First, we went to the mata de cipó (vine forest) habitat bordering dry forest just outside of town. Here we found Slender Antbird, Stripebacked Antbird, Narrow-billed Antwren and many others. One highlight was a visit to a rocky hilltop which was virtually a cactus garden with seven species of hummingbirds and pygmy nightjars about half hour from town. The spectacle starts in the afternoon when the cacti flowers open. The next day we went to the wet forest further away uphill about one and half hours on a bad road. In this tiny patch some birds such as Bahia Spinetail and Rio de Janerio Antbird appeared in front of us. In the afternoon we went to
a larger patch of wet forest. In a wetland to the east, we were lucky to see the huge Giant Snipe just after dusk. Please find the sites under GPS and submitted lists below. We were fortunate to see most targets here. We missed the Berryeater and Purpletuft and I had difficulty seeing a male Pin-tailed Manakin. Caetité It was a long drive to the south-west just to see a few specialties such as Minas Gerais Tyrannulet. We thought we had omitted this place from our planned itinerary but had left it in by mistake. As we drove towards Victoria from Boa Nova, I discovered that we had booked a hotel in Caetité and consequently we were not going directly to Mucugê. As we arrived to town, Jeff s handheld GPS led us to the main square. Here a huge truck loaded with loudspeakers was parked and young people were gathered to prepare for the night s party. Nobody knew about our hotel and we had great difficulty to navigate to the place at the opposite end of town. Eventually we found it, far enough away from the party that it was quiet. Finding a place to eat amid the pandemonium was not an easy task. The next day we drove out of town a few kilometers, then turned left along a dirt road for 20 km south to the suggested birding place. We passed an area where an electricity company had erected a lot of windmills. They were not operating despite windy conditions. At our destination we divided up. Jeff and I tried in vain for two hours to see two White-browed Antpittas. Consequently we missed a Yellow-legged Tinamou, a woodcreeper and a few others. Fortunately we all saw the target Minas Gerais Tyrannulets building a nest at the roadside and the birds were actively singing most of the time. Another bonus was a sighting of a troop of Common Marmosets. Nearby we did not have any trouble to find a male Helmeted Manikin. Mucugê This is a historic town to the south of Chapada Diamantina, a beautiful area in Bahia with a lot of remaining habitat. Mucugê is protected by patrimonial heritage laws enforcing strict maintenance and restoration codes for all historic structures, from roofs to roads. Most of the rocky formations in the region are surrounded by caatinga habitat, some of it on flat sandy soils. Along rivers, tall evergreen forests thrive. In the valleys, a different habitat dominated by heath and cacti were in full flower. The first morning, we drove 30 minutes north of Mucugê. Here we found our target Sincorá Antwren and Tau brought a rattlesnake to our attention. Later we continued to the south into the Cerrado area to visit an area near Boninal on BA 142. The area was recommended by Ciro Albano in his article, but unfortunately this site is currently under conversion into soy farming. The habitat is disappearing fast. It is so sad to see all those flowers and birds go to the development of industrial agriculture. Later we had a successful quest for Diamantina Tapaculo at Ciro s site to the south. We found it upstream from the bridge. We had to wade in the stream in order to reach its territory. We also had success in finding the Hooded Visorbearer in a canyon about 8 km from Mucugê. GPS coordinates are found in the list below. This is a new site. We almost missed it at the traditional site near Lençóis because a fire recently had burned off the vegetation.
Mucugê to Lençóis This is a scenic birding drive west of Chapada Diamentina where we found Capped Seedeater, Great Xenops, Sao Francisco Sparrow, Black-bellied Antwren and Caatinga Antshrike plus many others. Biscutate Swifts zoomed above us in huge flocks. We did not see much development on this drive and the habitat appears to be more extensive, perhaps because the vegetation grows in stony and rocky areas that will not support Soybeans. Birding was conducted along a river and in a gallery forest nearby. From Palmeiras to Lençóis we crossed the mountain range. Here we saw a truck rolled over with soy products spread around it. I suspect that failing brakes caused this accident. The next day we returned to Pai Ignacio, with a 360 degree view of vast canyons and tabletop mountains. Fortunately, a single Visorbearer passed Tau (who had missed the others). We found Pale-throated Pampa-finch in abundance in this area, and saw it only here. At Lençóis we had an opportunity to visit extensive mature forests nearby. However an afternoon was spent here without seeing much other than a group of White-naped Jays. It was virtually devoid of birds due to an extended drought in the region. We suspect it would be a fabulous area for birding after the rains. We did not encounter dry areas anywhere else on our trip. All of the deserts were lush and green. On the last afternoon we went about 20 km north to an oxbow lake which took us one hour of difficult driving on bad road. Here we joined a canoe trip, but we saw only a few common birds and heard a few crakes. Canudos Fred booked a visit for us to the Lear's Macaw roost and nest area on the 24th of January. Caboclo and Tania from the Lears Macaw project met us on the 23rd (Thursday) in our hotel in Canudos (Hotel Brasil). Fortunately we had Paulo Boute from Boute Expeditions to help us out, because the Tania only wanted to deal with people who spoke Portuguese. The next morning we set off 03h30 am. We followed them in our car to a depot and changed over to their 4WD. We got off to a disconcerting start when the driver purposely ran over a goat that refused to get out of the way. Our somber mood was broken by the spectacular scenery and birds as dawn unfolded. It was fantastic to witness 250 macaws or more flying from their roost site at dawn. Some landed in the cactus directly in front of us. Later in the morning we went to the canyon edge. It is here the macaws nest and they flew around below us. Additionally, Turquoisefronted Parrot - Amazona aestiva and Blue-crowed Parakeets flew around while a Bat Falcon watched the scene from above. We paid USD 50.00 each to the foundation in Canudos for the services provided. It is hard to explain what an amazing place this is. Without a doubt, it was the highlight of the trip. On the way back we picked up our car and continued further into the area to look for birds. At a waterhole recommended to us by Paulo Boute we found the rare Scarletthroated Tanager. This site is marked on our GPS on the Ebird checklist.
Araripe and Crato We arrived around 3 pm at Araripe Waterpark. On this afternoon we split up. Jeff and I located a male Araripe Manakin quickly in the low valley along the creek as it was singing frequently. Tau found it the next day. Additionally, Jeff found two coral snakes. We had a permit obtained by Fred from the Araripe National Forest administration, but nobody asked for it. The next morning we went to a caatinga site on the Chapada s plateau on the road towards Ecu and here we quickly found the only overgrown track in the Floresta Nacional do Araripe. Everything possible was seen that morning including Tawny Piculet, White-browed Antpitta and Gray-headed Spinetail. The area is growing in and unlike what Ciro Albano writes, you can no longer drive along this path; but anyway it is better to walk it. We drove back to Crato on a back road to avoid driving through the city of Juazeiro Do Norte. We found a very large dead snake on the road. It took a longer time but it was a scenic drive. Uniao dos Palmares and Murici Forest Before we arrived to Uniao dos Palmares hotel, Fred sent our names to Kedson, who drove us to Murici in his 4-wheel drive the next morning about 4 am. It took 1½ hour uphill and 1 hour downhill and the trip was very hard for the vehicle and our backs! The first day we could not reach the high forest until late afternoon, as the clay on the steep hill roads was too slippery due to a big rain during the night. As an alternative, we went to another small forest patch to the north. We encountered some rare species such as Jandaya Parakeet - Aratinga jandaya, White-browed Guan and Long-tailed Woodnymph plus for Jeff Golden-tailed Parrotlet, all of which we did not see again in the high forest (we called it Al Gore s forest fragment) on the following day. One of the highlights in the forest was a group of male White-bearded Manakins in display. Several males had long throat feathers projected forwards, jumping from one stem to another no more than 10 meters away with body swaying and wings beating and fanned. Several females came to visit and copulate with their chosen male. The clicking noises come from some stiff feathers on the back of the manakin. We did not go to Jaqueira on January 29th as originally planned, but instead returned to the high forest. In the hotel at Uniao dos Palmares we had breakfast at 03h30 am and brought a packed lunch with us to the forest. We had to pay a tip of R 20 each for this to the staff. Fred had already requested both services from the hotel. We missed some of the key species here (Alagoas Tyrannulet and Alagoas Foliage-gleaner). Tau gripped us off with spectacular views of White-collared Kite, one of his favourite birds of the trip. Tamandare A forest fragment was found outside town at the junction to the main coastal highway. We had a morning session here and saw Smoky-fronted Tody-Flycatcher with its large and long bill and at the gate to Tamandare reserve a pair ofyellow-faced Siskins gave great views. However, we could not enter Tamandare reserve without a permit and an armed guard at the gate enforced that rule! Forbes Blackbird was seen along the highway. We did also go to another site in the sugar cane area but did not see much. There is a reasonable remaining forest fragment here that could turn up many specialties with effort. We saw distant kites that may have been White-collared.
Estancia From town we went toward the coast near the Santa Luzia do Itanhy on SE 368. Ciro s coordinates were not correct but we found a fragment of forest along the road Rua Floriano Peixto. Jeff downloaded the coordinates from an ebird checklist. The forest was full of birds including guans, toucans and parrots. Coimbra filho s titi monkeys Callicebus coimbrai called from inside the forest. We saw a fringed-backed Fire-eye just upon our arrival as it sang next to the road while we were making coffee. We did not hear or see it later during our three-hour morning session. What will happen to the area in the future is not certain as the road was being widened and upgraded. This is a fabulous place but it may be a good idea to look at Google Earth before you go. After that visit we had a great and smooth ride to Salvador. Thanks everyone for a grand trip!
Conclusion Birding Sites Driving Quality/comment from hotel Itacaré 1 h Excellent, good views, many birds Serro Bonita 0 h Excellent, many opportunities, feeders Boa Nova 1-2 h Many sites, good variation, bad roads and navigation is an issue without a guide Pt Seguro 1 h Difficult, need telescope, slow, but many parrots. Good for nightjars Caetité 1½ - 2 h Good habitat, not responsive birds, slow Mucugê 1 h Great, many opportunities Lencois 1-2 h Forest quiet, long drives to good places Canudos ½ h Macaw canyon highlight, good birding Crato 1-2 h Good morning birding, slow later Uniao dos Palmares 2 h Tiring, slow, few birds with a high miss rate Tamandera ½ h Many birds in fragment, but targets hard to find but possible Estancia ½ -1 h Good birding when a forest fragment is found Birdlist from sites submitted to Ebird Detailed Checklists on Ebird Links: Link to Ebird Itacare 24 km south http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16749924 BR-BA - Serro Bonita, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16774018 BR-BA - Serro Bonita, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16774019 Serro Bonita: From Microwave towers down to lodge http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16775152 BR-BA - Serro Bonita, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16774015 Brazil: Serro Bonita, Fazenda Uiraca, Bahia, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16786445 Brazil: Reserve near Porto Segura, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16786446 Brazil: Reserve near Porto Segura, Bahia, BR (morning) http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16774013 Brazil: Reserve near Porto Segura, Bahia, BR (afternoon) http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16786658 Brazil: Bahia: Highway BA-262, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773989 Brazil: Near Porto Segura, north end of habitat along sand road., Bahia, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773990 Brazil: Boa Nova wet forest, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773963 Brazil: Cactus ridge near Boa Nova, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773962 Brazil: Rio de Janeiro Antbird site near Boa Nova, Bahia, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773949
Brazil: Boa Nova Wet Forest, Giant Snipe location, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773768 Brazil: Boa Nova Wet forest, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773769 Brazil: North of Tanhacu, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773988 Brazil. near Caetite, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773770 Brazil: Along Highway BA0-026 East of Brumado, Bahia, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773987 Brazil: helmeted manakin site near Caetite, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773771 Brazil: North of Mucuge, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773993 Brazil: South of Mucuge, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773992 Brazil: Creek valley between hills south of Mucuge, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773986 Brazil: Forest south of Mucuge, Bahia, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773984 Brazil: further into forest south of Mucuge, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773980 Brazil: South of Mucuge, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773978 Brazil: Diamantina Tapaculo site, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773979 Brazil: further up creek valley between hills south of Mucuge, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773982 Brazil: wetland on road to Palmeras, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773973 Brazil: Near Palmeiras, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773969 Brazil: Lencois, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773971 Brazil: Wet forest near Lencois, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773970 Brazil: Palmerias area, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773966 Brazil: Morro do Pai Inacio, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773965 Brazil: Track near start of Lencois Road, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773964 Brazil: Wet forest near Lencois, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773960 Brazil: wetland near Lencois, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773959 Brazil: Masked Duck lagoon, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773941 Brazil: near Santaluz, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773946 Brazil: highway BA-120 near BA-383, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773944 Brazil: Macaw roost near Canudos, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773956 Brazil: near Canudos, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773954 Brazil: Water tank near Canudos, Bahia, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773955 Brazil: near Canudos, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773939 Brazil: near Canudos, Bahia, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773937 Brazil: Araripe Manakin water park, Ceará, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773950 Brazil: Hotel Encosta near Crato, Ceará, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773938 Brazil: near Crato, Ceará, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773948 Brazil: Araripe Manakin water park, Ceará, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773947 Brazil, SE of Jardim, Pernambuco, B http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773772 Brazil: GB Crake site, near Uniao dos Palmares, Alagoas, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773774
Brazil: Alagoas forest fragment, Alagoas, BR Brazil: Algoas high forest, Alagoas, BR Brazil: near Murici, Scissor-tailed Nightjar, Alagoas, B Brazil: Algoas high forest, Alagoas, BR Brazil: Coastal forest fragment near Tamandare, Pernambuco, BR Brazil: Entrance to reserve west of Tamandare, Pernambuco, BR Brazil: PE-060 west of Tamandare, Pernambuco, BR (Forbes Blackbird) Brazil: Hwy 101 near SE270, Sergipe, BR (White-collared Swift) Brazil shorebirds along AL101, Alagoas, BR Brazil: highway AL101 mangroves, Alagoas, BR (Plain-bellied Emerald) Brazil: near Estancia, Sergipe, BR http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773776 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773781 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773779 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773782 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773777 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773775 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773778 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773807 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773808 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773810 http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist?subid=s16773805
Same list with Date and GPS coordinates (datum used: WGS 84) Detailed Checklists on Ebird Links: Date GPS measured on spot Itacare 24 km south 09-01-2014-14.326347,-39.0258408 BR-BA - Serro Bonita, Bahia, BR 09-01-2014-15.391825,-39.564454 BR-BA - Serro Bonita, Bahia, BR 10-01-2014-15.391825,-39.564454 Serro Bonita: From Microwave towers down to lodge 11-01-2014-15.38404,-39.57219 BR-BA - Serro Bonita, Bahia, BR 12-01-2014-15.391825,-39.564454 Brazil: Serro Bonita, Fazenda Uiraca, Bahia, B 12-01-2014-15.42381,-39.53992 razil: Reserve near Porto Segura, Bahia, BR 12-01-2014-16.35686,-39.13327 Brazil: Reserve near Porto Segura, Bahia, BR (morning) 13-01-2014-16.35686,-39.13327 Brazil: Reserve near Porto Segura, Bahia, BR (afternoon) 13-01-2014-16.35686,-39.13327 Brazil: Bahia: Highway BA-262, Bahia, BR 14-01-2014-14.59989,-40.28644 Brazil: Near Porto Segura, north end of habitat along sand road., Bahia, B 14-01-2014-16.3573905,-39.10941 Brazil: Boa Nova wet forest, Bahia, BR 15-01-2014-14.359625,-40.23287 Brazil: Cactus ridge near Boa Nova, Bahia, BR 15-01-2014-14.32989,-40.21621 Brazil: Rio de Janeiro Antbird site near Boa Nova, Bahia, B 16-01-2014-14.37796,-40.14667 Brazil: Boa Nova Wet Forest, Giant Snipe location, Bahia, BR 16-01-2014-14.4246,-40.12618 Brazil: Boa Nova Wet forest, Bahia, BR 17-01-2014-14.41316,-40.13543 Brazil: North of Tanhacu, Bahia, BR 18-01-2014-13.9154061,-41.2838745 Brazil. near Caetite, Bahia, BR 18-01-2014-14.30815,-42.54101 Brazil: Along Highway BA0-026 East of Brumado, Bahia, B 18-01-2014-14.1498923,-41.3195801 Brazil: helmeted manakin site near Caetite, Bahia, BR 18-01-2014-14.28959,-42.53091 Brazil: North of Mucuge, Bahia, BR 19-01-2014-12.98279,-41.35078 Brazil: South of Mucuge, Bahia, BR 19-01-2014-13.08191,-41.50528 Brazil: Creek valley between hills south of Mucuge, Bahia, BR 19-01-2014-13.01176,-41.40793 Brazil: Forest south of Mucuge, Bahia, B 19-01-2014-13.06963,-41.45959 Brazil: further into forest south of Mucuge, Bahia, BR 20-01-2014-13.06211,-41.45648 Brazil: South of Mucuge, Bahia, BR 20-01-2014-13.08191,-41.50528 Brazil: Diamantina Tapaculo site, Bahia, BR 20-01-2014-13.43614,-41.33864 Brazil: further up creek valley between hills south of Mucuge, Bahia, BR 20-01-2014-13.01294,-41.40671 Brazil: wetland on road to Palmeras, Bahia, BR 21-01-2014-12.87214,-41.50623 Brazil: Near Palmeiras, Bahia, BR 21-01-2014-12.55859,-41.58216 Brazil: Lencois, Bahia, BR 21-01-2014-12.56042,-41.38711 Brazil: Wet forest near Lencois, Bahia, BR 21-01-2014-12.55447,-41.3633
Brazil: Palmerias area, Bahia, BR 22-01-2014-12.54488,-41.57547 Brazil: Morro do Pai Inacio, Bahia, BR 22-01-2014-12.45708,-41.473 Brazil: Track near start of Lencois Road, Bahia, BR 22-01-2014-12.48166,-41.36346 Brazil: Wet forest near Lencois, Bahia, BR 22-01-2014-12.55447,-41.3633 Brazil: wetland near Lencois, Bahia, BR 22-01-2014-12.67521,-41.32878 Brazil: Masked Duck lagoon, Bahia, BR 23-01-2014-12.05149,-40.24898 Brazil: near Santaluz, Bahia, BR 23-01-2014-11.27437,-39.36807 Brazil: highway BA-120 near BA-383, Bahia, BR 23-01-2014-10.81572,-39.57684 Brazil: Macaw roost near Canudos, Bahia, BR 24-01-2014-9.95624,-38.99581 Brazil: near Canudos, Bahia, BR 24-01-2014-10.01682,-39.00131 Brazil: Water tank near Canudos, Bahia, B 24-01-2014-10.04471,-38.99613 Brazil: near Canudos, Bahia, BR 24-01-2014-10.01682,-39.00131 Brazil: near Canudos, Bahia, BR 25-01-2014-10.01682,-39.00131 Brazil: Araripe Manakin water park, Ceará, BR 25-01-2014-7.36462,-39.32901 Brazil: Hotel Encosta near Crato, Ceará, B 25-01-2014-7.26259,-39.43005 Brazil: near Crato, Ceará, B 26-01-2014-7.28966,-39.55747 Brazil: Araripe Manakin water park, Ceará, BR 26-01-2014-7.36462,-39.32901 Brazil, SE of Jardim, Pernambuco, B 27-01-2014-7.83934,-39.09966 Brazil: GB Crake site, near Uniao dos Palmares, Alagoas, BR 27-01-2014-9.16742,-36.00735 Brazil: Alagoas forest fragment, Alagoas, BR 28-01-2014-9.23876,-35.83943 Brazil: Algoas high forest, Alagoas, BR 28-01-2014-9.21765,-35.87983 Brazil: near Murici, Scissor-tailed Nightjar, Alagoas, B 29-01-2014-9.28571,-35.92672 Brazil: Algoas high forest, Alagoas, BR 29-01-2014-9.21765,-35.87983 Brazil: Coastal forest fragment near Tamandare, Pernambuco, BR 30-01-2014-8.72247,-35.17141 Brazil: Entrance to reserve west of Tamandare, Pernambuco, BR 30-01-2014-8.7325684,-35.1739311 Brazil: PE-060 west of Tamandare, Pernambuco, BR (Forbes Blackbird) 30-01-2014-8.76171,-35.16936 Brazil: Hwy 101 near SE270, Sergipe, BR (White-collared Swift) 31-01-2014-11.05416,-37.36531 Brazil shorebirds along AL101, Alagoas, BR 31-01-2014-9.07083,-35.24182 Brazil: highway AL101 mangroves, Alagoas, BR (Plain-bellied Emerald) 31-01-2014-9.55202,-35.63268 Brazil: near Estancia, Sergipe, BR 01-02-2014-11.36923,-37.42841
Total Number of Species 452 Total Number of Checklists 66 Note that birds marked with yellow were seen or heard only at Itacaré before Jeff joined the trip Species Name Total # Individuals # of checklists Greater Rhea 1 1 Tinamus sp. 4 1 Little Tinamou 2 2 Brown Tinamou 2 2 Yellow-legged Tinamou 13 3 Red-winged Tinamou 1 1 Tataupa Tinamou (Heard) 1 1 White-bellied Nothura 1 1 White-faced Whistling-Duck 80 2 Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 2 1 Comb Duck 4 1 Muscovy Duck (likely feral) 2 2 Brazilian Teal 2 1 White-cheeked Pintail 32 2 Southern Pochard 11 1 Masked Duck 8 1 East Brazilian Chachalaca 6 4 Rusty-margined Guan 4 2 White-browed Guan 6 2 Least Grebe 1 1 Neotropic Cormorant 64 1 Rufescent Tiger-Heron 1 1 Great Egret 10 3 Snowy Egret 3 3 Little Blue Heron 1 1 Cattle Egret 110 6 Striated Heron 7 6 Black-crowned Night-Heron 24 2 Black Vulture 1,192 40 Turkey Vulture 118 20 Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture 103 20 King Vulture 1 1 Swallow-tailed Kite 4 2 Black Hawk-Eagle 1 1 Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle 3 2 Double-toothed Kite 1 1 Roadside Hawk 19 10 White-tailed Hawk 6 3 Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle 4 2 White-collared Kite (Tau) 1 1 Leptodon sp. 2 2 Crane Hawk 1 1 Mantled Hawk 7 4 Gray-lined Hawk 1 1 Short-tailed Hawk 6 5 Zone-tailed Hawk 2 2 Rufous-sided Crake 4 1 Gray-breasted Crake 2 1 Gray-necked Wood-Rail 1 1
Ash-throated Crake 7 6 Blackish Rail 3 2 Purple Gallinule 7 5 Common Gallinule 10 4 Limpkin 2 1 Black-necked Stilt 124 3 Black-bellied Plover 8 1 Southern Lapwing 207 10 Wattled Jacana 29 5 Solitary Sandpiper 1 1 Ruddy Turnstone 1 1 Giant Snipe 1 1 Rock Pigeon (feral) 4 2 Pale-vented Pigeon 25 6 Scaled Pigeon 3 2 Picazuro Pigeon 32 6 Plumbeous Pigeon 10 5 Eared Dove 105 10 Common Ground-Dove 16 2 Plain-breasted Ground-Dove 4 3 Ruddy Ground-Dove 60 16 Scaled Dove 7 4 Picui Ground-Dove 85 14 Blue Ground-Dove 3 1 White-tipped Dove 3 3 Gray-fronted Dove 2 2 Ruddy Quail-Dove 2 2 Squirrel Cuckoo 15 9 Dark-billed Cuckoo 3 2 Pearly-breasted Cuckoo 1 1 Guira Cuckoo 18 9 Greater Ani 1 1 Smooth-billed Ani 63 12 Barn Owl 3 1 Tropical Screech-Owl 8 6 Least Pygmy-Owl 5 3 Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl 3 3 Burrowing Owl 6 4 Least Nighthawk 6 2 Lesser Nighthawk 9 1 Pygmy Nightjar 2 1 Common Pauraque 58 7 Little Nightjar 2 1 Scissor-tailed Nightjar 5 2 Rufous Nightjar 5 2 Silky-tailed Nightjar 3 1 Common Potoo 3 2 White-collared Swift 2 1 Biscutate Swift 385 3 Sick's Swift 5 2 Band-rumped Swift 10 2 Gray-rumped Swift 64 7 Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift 2 1 Fork-tailed Palm-Swift 7 2 Black Jacobin 28 4 Hook-billed Hermit (Jeff, Tau) 2 2
Rufous-breasted Hermit 5 5 Broad-tipped Hermit 5 4 Dusky-throated Hermit 1 1 Reddish Hermit 29 13 Planalto Hermit 11 10 Scale-throated Hermit 1 1 Great-billed Hermit 1 1 Hooded Visorbearer 9 3 White-vented Violetear 3 1 Horned Sungem 6 2 Black-eared Fairy 3 3 White-tailed Goldenthroat 1 1 Ruby-topaz Hummingbird 17 5 Black-throated Mango 4 3 Racket-tailed Coquette 2 2 Frilled Coquette 3 3 Stripe-breasted Starthroat 10 3 Amethyst Woodstar 3 3 Glittering-bellied Emerald 61 13 Blue-chinned Sapphire 1 1 Swallow-tailed Hummingbird 14 11 Fork-tailed Woodnymph 8 4 Violet-capped Woodnymph 35 11 Long-tailed Woodnymph (N & T) 1 1 Sombre Hummingbird 36 5 Plain-bellied Emerald 1 1 Versicolored Emerald 2 2 Glittering-throated Emerald 7 7 Sapphire-spangled Emerald 3 2 Amazilia sp. 1 1 Rufous-throated Sapphire 24 5 White-chinned Sapphire 3 2 Green-backed Trogon 1 1 Blue-crowned Trogon 10 3 Surucua Trogon 19 5 Black-throated Trogon 2 2 Ringed Kingfisher 2 2 Amazon Kingfisher 2 1 Green Kingfisher 2 1 Spot-backed Puffbird 2 1 Crescent-chested Puffbird 13 4 Swallow-winged Puffbird 12 4 Rufous-tailed Jacamar 8 4 Lettered Aracari 4 1 Black-necked Aracari 16 4 Spot-billed Toucanet 8 2 Saffron Toucanet (Tau & Niels) 1 1 Channel-billed Toucan 13 7 Golden-spangled Piculet 11 5 Spotted Piculet 17 6 Tawny Piculet 2 2 Yellow-fronted Woodpecker 1 1 Red-stained Woodpecker 6 2 Yellow-eared Woodpecker 1 1 Yellow-throated Woodpecker 8 3 Golden-green Woodpecker 2 1
Blond-crested Woodpecker 2 2 Lineated Woodpecker 1 1 Southern Caracara 38 15 Yellow-headed Caracara 35 17 Laughing Falcon 5 5 American Kestrel 12 9 Aplomado Falcon 1 1 Bat Falcon 1 1 Ochre-marked Parakeet 34 4 Maroon-bellied Parakeet 54 6 Maroon-faced Parakeet 2 1 Blue-crowned Parakeet 37 2 White-eyed Parakeet 68 3 Golden-capped Parakeet 90 3 Jandaya Parakeet 7 1 Peach-fronted Parakeet 306 5 Cactus Parakeet 128 17 Indigo Macaw 241 2 Blue-winged Macaw 37 6 Blue-winged Parrotlet 34 9 Plain Parakeet 2 1 Golden-tailed Parrotlet (Jeff) 2 1 Scaly-headed Parrot 1 1 Red-browed Parrot 9 3 Turquoise-fronted Parrot 1 1 Orange-winged Parrot 5 2 Amazona sp. 1 1 Blackish-gray Antshrike 1 1 Spot-backed Antshrike 11 2 Great Antshrike 4 3 Silvery-cheeked Antshrike 28 7 Barred Antshrike 4 3 Rufous-winged Antshrike 1 1 Chestnut-backed Antshrike 2 1 Planalto Slaty-Antshrike 10 1 Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike 15 4 Variable Antshrike 3 2 Spot-breasted Antvireo 16 5 Plumbeous Antvireo 3 2 White-flanked Antwren 13 4 Band-tailed Antwren 1 1 Streak-capped Antwren 2 1 Salvadori's Antwren 4 3 Alagoas Antwren 1 1 Stripe-backed Antbird 3 1 Caatinga Antwren 3 1 Bahia Antwren (Jeff & Niels) 5 1 Black-capped Antwren 13 3 Pectoral Antwren (Seen by Tau, h) 6 2 Rufous-winged Antwren 36 6 White-fringed Antwren 4 3 Black-bellied Antwren 5 4 Narrow-billed Antwren 2 1 Sincora Antwren 1 1 Scaled Antbird 2 1 Orange-bellied Antwren (Jeff) 4 1
Black-cheeked Gnateater 1 1 Rio de Janeiro Antbird 3 2 White-shouldered Fire-eye 14 4 Fringe-backed Fire-eye 1 1 Slender Antbird 2 1 Scalloped Antbird 10 2 White-bibbed Antbird 1 1 Collared Crescentchest 2 1 Variegated Antpitta (Heard) 1 1 White-browed Antpitta 17 2 Diamantina Tapaculo 1 1 Rufous-breasted Leaftosser 1 1 Buff-throated Woodcreeper 2 1 Olivaceous Woodcreeper 2 2 Plain-brown Woodcreeper 2 1 Plain-winged Woodcreeper 7 5 Wedge-billed Woodcreeper 3 2 Planalto Woodcreeper 1 1 White-throated Woodcreeper 4 2 Lesser Woodcreeper 4 2 Black-billed Scythebill 1 1 Narrow-billed Woodcreeper 3 2 Scaled Woodcreeper 1 1 Plain Xenops 9 6 Streaked Xenops 7 2 Wing-banded Hornero 60 9 Pale-legged Hornero 2 1 White-collared Foliage-gleaner 4 1 Great Xenops 4 1 Black-capped Foliage-gleaner 1 1 Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner 2 2 White-eyed Foliage-gleaner 4 2 Rufous-fronted Thornbird 8 4 Pink-legged Graveteiro 2 1 Striated Softtail 3 2 Pallid Spinetail 4 2 Gray-headed Spinetail 4 1 Caatinga Cacholote 8 2 Yellow-chinned Spinetail 13 4 Rufous-capped Spinetail 1 1 Bahia Spinetail 6 4 Red-shouldered Spinetail 8 2 Sooty-fronted Spinetail 8 5 Pale-breasted Spinetail 1 1 Spix's Spinetail 1 1 Synallaxis sp. 2 2 Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet 16 8 Mouse-colored Tyrannulet 99 9 Yellow Tyrannulet 4 3 Gray-backed Tachuri 5 2 Yellow-bellied Elaenia 19 9 Plain-crested Elaenia 13 8 Lesser Elaenia 3 3 White-lored Tyrannulet 2 1 White-crested Tyrannulet 1 1 Sepia-capped Flycatcher 18 8
Bahia Tyrannulet 6 1 Minas Gerais Tyrannulet 2 1 Oustalet's Tyrannulet 1 1 Planalto Tyrannulet 1 1 Southern Scrub-Flycatcher 4 3 Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant 7 3 Rufous-sided Pygmy-Tyrant 3 1 Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant 2 1 Greater Wagtail-Tyrant 1 1 White-bellied Tody-Tyrant 6 2 Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant 2 1 Hangnest Tody-Tyrant 6 4 Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant 3 2 Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher 2 2 Smoky-fronted Tody-Flycatcher 2 2 Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher 17 6 Common Tody-Flycatcher 10 8 Yellow-olive Flycatcher 3 3 Yellow-breasted Flycatcher 4 3 White-throated Spadebill 4 3 Cliff Flycatcher 1 1 Whiskered Flycatcher 4 2 Bran-colored Flycatcher 8 7 Euler's Flycatcher 3 3 Tropical Pewee 15 6 Fuscous Flycatcher 1 1 Velvety Black-Tyrant 2 1 White Monjita 9 5 Masked Water-Tyrant 15 8 White-headed Marsh Tyrant 11 4 Cattle Tyrant 11 5 Gray-hooded Attila 11 3 Bright-rumped Attila 6 2 Ash-throated Casiornis 6 3 Grayish Mourner 2 2 Dusky-capped Flycather 1 1 Swainson's Flycatcher 4 3 Short-crested Flycatcher 18 8 Brown-crested Flycatcher 23 4 Lesser Kiskadee 4 1 Great Kiskadee 33 9 Boat-billed Flycatcher 34 8 Rusty-margined Flycatcher 3 2 Social Flycatcher 25 7 Yellow-throated Flycatcher 2 1 Streaked Flycatcher 5 5 Piratic Flycatcher 18 14 Variegated Flycatcher 4 3 Tropical Kingbird 282 39 Fork-tailed Flycatcher 2 2 Sharpbill 7 2 Screaming Piha 8 3 Cinnamon-vented Piha 2 1 Bearded Bellbird 5 4 Bare-throated Bellbird 8 3 White-winged Cotinga 12 3
Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin 2 2 Pin-tailed Manakin 6 3 Araripe Manakin 4 2 Helmeted Manakin 1 1 Blue-backed Manakin 14 2 Striped Manakin (Eastern) 2 1 Swallow-tailed Manakin 45 5 White-crowned Manakin 5 3 Red-headed Manakin 8 4 White-bearded Manakin 50 8 Black-tailed Tityra 3 1 Black-crowned Tityra 2 2 Black-capped Becard 1 1 Chestnut-crowned Becard 11 3 Crested Becard 4 2 becard sp. 2 2 Red-eyed Vireo 61 14 Gray-eyed Greenlet 5 3 Lemon-chested Greenlet 2 2 Rufous-browed Peppershrike 14 6 White-naped Jay 13 4 Blue-and-white Swallow 78 11 Southern Rough-winged Swallow 97 15 Purple Martin 1 1 Gray-breasted Martin 288 20 Brown-chested Martin 25 7 White-winged Swallow 6 3 Barn Swallow 16 1 House Wren 36 13 Moustached Wren 12 5 Long-billed Wren 13 7 Long-billed Gnatwren 3 2 Tropical Gnatcatcher 34 6 Black-capped Donacobius 2 1 Yellow-legged Thrush 5 2 Pale-breasted Thrush 85 16 Rufous-bellied Thrush 61 11 Creamy-bellied Thrush 17 4 White-necked Thrush 13 3 Turdus sp. 10 2 Chalk-browed Mockingbird 13 6 Tropical Mockingbird 2 1 Yellowish Pipit 7 2 Masked Yellowthroat 4 2 Tropical Parula 2 1 Golden-crowned Warbler 14 5 Flavescent Warbler 2 2 Brown Tanager 1 1 Red-cowled Cardinal 77 12 Cinnamon Tanager 13 4 Magpie Tanager 1 1 White-banded Tanager 7 1 Scarlet-throated Tanager 6 1 Hooded Tanager 3 2 Orange-headed Tanager 5 1 Flame-crested Tanager 6 3
White-lined Tanager 26 7 Silver-beaked Tanager 8 1 Brazilian Tanager 2 2 Sayaca Tanager 89 19 Azure-shouldered Tanager 3 1 Golden-chevroned Tanager 12 6 Palm Tanager 177 21 Burnished-buff Tanager 31 11 Turquoise (White-bellied) Tanager 27 4 Opal-rumped Tanager 5 2 Green-headed Tanager 18 3 Seven-colored Tanager 6 1 Red-necked Tanager 39 6 Gilt-edged Tanager 21 4 Swallow Tanager 1 1 Blue Dacnis 86 18 Red-legged Honeycreeper 53 9 Green Honeycreeper 46 9 Guira Tanager 5 2 Rufous-headed Tanager 13 4 Yellow-backed Tanager 2 1 Stripe-tailed Yellow-Finch 21 2 Saffron Finch 11 3 Grassland Yellow-Finch 100 2 Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch 3 2 Pale-throated Pampa-Finch 12 1 Blue-black Grassquit 82 9 Plumbeous Seedeater 13 2 Yellow-bellied Seedeater 104 15 Dubois's Seedeater 20 1 Double-collared Seedeater 1 1 White-throated Seedeater 12 3 White-bellied Seedeater 9 3 Copper Seedeater 3 1 Pileated Finch 46 7 Bananaquit 63 20 Black-throated Saltator 12 2 Green-winged Saltator 3 1 Buff-throated Saltator 6 6 Black-throated Grosbeak 2 1 Pectoral Sparrow 6 4 Sao Francisco Sparrow 3 1 Grassland Sparrow 19 4 Rufous-collared Sparrow 110 15 Hepatic Tanager 2 2 Red-crowned Ant-Tanager 32 4 Yellow-green Grosbeak 18 4 Ultramarine Grosbeak 19 6 White-browed Blackbird 12 5 Chopi Blackbird 20 6 Forbes's Blackbird 4 2 Unicolored Blackbird 3 1 Chestnut-capped Blackbird 4 4 Bay-winged Cowbird (Pale) 9 2 Shiny Cowbird 61 7 Epaulet Oriole 2 1
Campo Troupial 6 5 Red-rumped Cacique 37 4 Yellow-rumped Cacique 24 2 blackbird sp. 2 1 Purple-throated Euphonia 16 5 Violaceous Euphonia 57 11 Orange-bellied Euphonia 2 2 Chestnut-bellied Euphonia 4 2 Euphonia sp. 2 1 Yellow-faced Siskin 2 1 Hooded Siskin 1 1 House Sparrow 54 11 Common Waxbill 40 1 Mammals Crab-eating Fox/Cerdocyon thous 4 Coati (Nasua nasua) 1 Coimbra filho s titi monkeys callicebus coimbrai H 5 White-tufted-ear Marmoset/Callithrix jacchus Kuhl s or Wied s Black-tufted-ear Marmoset/Callithrix kuhlii 8 Common (Tufted-ear) Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus flaviceps) 4 Brown Howler Monkey 1 Buff-bellied Capuchin (Cebus apella sp) 1 Bats Maned (Three-toed) Sloth/Bradypus torquatus 1 Opossum (Chironectes minimus) (Pied with wjhite tail about 45 cm) 2 Rock Cavy (E) Kerodon rupestris 3 Reptiles Caiman at murici in a pot hole 1 Sideneck turtle serra bonita 1 Vine Snake, very thin dark brown with yellow spots Muici 1 Coral Snake (FOTO to ID) Araripe Water Park 2 Rattlesnake (FOTO TO ID) Dimentina near Mucugê 1 Brown Snake (seen by Tau) Murici 1