LESSON TWO: COMPARE AND CONTRAST TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES FOCUS: Students will be given information on the two major types of diabetes, and they will analyze how the two types compare and contrast. OBJECTIVES: compare and contrast Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes recognize warning signs that help with the diagnosis of diabetes realize the complications of untreated diabetes such as: blindness, kidney disease, amputations, heart disease, stroke, and gum disease PRE-ACTIVIT Y: REVIEW OF TABLES AND VENN DIAGRAMS Teacher may want to review how to properly read a table, and how to construct a Venn diagram. ACTIVITY 2A: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 TABLE Teacher should give each student a copy of the table of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The class should read and discuss the table, so that the students review how to read a table, and gain an understanding of the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. ACTIVITY 2B: DIABETES VENN DIAGRAM The students will use the table to create a Venn diagram, comparing and contrasting various aspects of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The students will diagram: I. Age of onset,. Symptoms,. Complications, and IV. Treatment. To further gain an understanding of the nature of the disease, the students will answer a few debriefing questions following the Venn diagram. Materials: 1. Table: Compare and Contrast Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes 2. Worksheet Compare and Contrast Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Venn Diagram 2001 UTHSCSA "Positively Aging " a trade mark of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio -1
Activity 2A: Student Handout Diabetes Mellitus (DM): a group of disorders in which there is impaired glucose metabolism leading to elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Other Names Description Juvenile-Onset Diabetes Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (IDDM) Little or no insulin produced by the pancreas; insulin is required to sustain life, therefore this person needs daily insulin injections in order to survive Frequency of DM cases ~-15% ~85-90% Usual Age of Onset Less than 20 years old 40-60 years old Adult-Onset Diabetes Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (NIDDM) Pancreas doesn t make enough insulin, or body doesn t use insulin correctly; therefore, person needs a sugar-controlled diet. Some may need drugs to prevent sugar uptake by body, others may need insulin injections to supplement production by pancreas Control by oral medication No Yes (at beginning) (oral hypoglycemic agents) Requires Insulin Injection Yes Not in the beginning; however, as the disease progresses, insulin is frequently needed to control blood glucose levels Symptoms Symptoms appear suddenly; frequent urination; extreme Symptoms appear slowly, and person may not feel any hunger; extreme thirst; extreme symptoms at all; increased weight loss; weakness and tiredness; feeling edgy and having mood changes; feeling sick to stomach (nausea); vomiting; blurred vision thirst; increased urination; feeling tired; feeling edgy; feeling sick to stomach; increased appetite; loss of weight; repeated or hard to heal infections of the skin, gums, vagina, or bladder; blurred vision; tingling or loss of feeling in hands or feet 2001 UTHSCSA "Positively Aging " a trade mark of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio -2
Complications Treatment Type 1 Diabetes Diabetic Coma or Ketoacidosis (from high blood sugar) Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) Nephropathy (renal failure) Blindness Myocardial Infarction or MI (heart attack) Brain Infarction (stroke) Neuropathy (decreased nerve function; loss of sensation) Amputation Sugar-controlled healthy diet; exercise; daily insulin injections; regular testing of blood sugar level; some urineketone tests (if blood sugar level is too high) Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Basis Possibly Definitely Diabetic Coma (from high blood sugar) Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) Nephropathy (renal failure) Blindness Myocardial Infarction or MI (heart attack) Brain Infarction (stroke) Neuropathy (decreased nerve function; loss of sensation) Amputation Sugar-controlled healthy diet; exercise; keep in normal weight range; some people may need diabetes pills or insulin shots; regular testing of blood sugar level 2001 UTHSCSA "Positively Aging " a trade mark of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio -3
LESSON TWO: COMPARE AND CONTRAST TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES VIA VENN DIAGRAM Directions: On the following Venn diagram, compare and contrast: I. Age of Onset,. Symptoms,. Complications, IV. Treatment TYPE 1 DIABETES TYPE 2 DIABETES I I I IV IV IV 2001 UTHSCSA "Positively Aging " a trade mark of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio -4
Answer the following questions: 1. Would an elderly person typically be a Type 1 or Type 2 diabetic? 2. Do Type 2 diabetics need insulin shots? Explain. 3. Of all diabetics, what percentage have Type 2 diabetics? 4. Name four common symptoms of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. 5. Name one complication that Type 1 diabetics may have that is not listed as a major complication of Type 2 diabetes. 6. What treatment should a Type 2 diabetic seek? 2001 UTHSCSA "Positively Aging " a trade mark of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio -5