Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Preparing for FCE. Carolyn Walker

Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Carolyn Walkr

Conns Gnral 2 Th FCE s xs 2 Th advanags of choosng o sudy a s x 2 Exnsv radng 2 Examnaon advanags 3 Managng h s book opon 3 Choosng h book 3 Balancng h s book wh ohr aspcs of FCE prparaon 4 Prparng for h s book opon 6 Th xam qusons 6 Exam ps 8 Workng on aspcs of h book 10 Plo and scn 10 Characr 12 Sng 14 Thms 15 Evaluang h book 15 Rmmbrng and rvsng h book 16 Phoocopabl Sudn's Workshs 1 FCE quson yps (1) 2 FCE quson yps (2) 3 A sampl ssay 4 Characr mlns 5 Analyss of h plo 6 Who s who 7 Characr facfl 8 Characr posr 9 Magazn nrvw 10 Prsonaly char 11 Characrs on ral 12 Essnal ms for a vs 13 Workng wh hms 14 Evaluang h book

Gnral Ar your sudns prparng o ak h UCLES Frs Crfca n Englsh xamnaon (FCE)? If so, you probably know ha FCE canddas may choos o wr an answr n Papr 2 (Wrng Papr) on on of a choc of s radng xs. Ths gud s dsgnd o hlp you prpar your sudns for hs par of h xam. I wll also show you h ways n whch choosng hs opon wll b bnfcal for your sudns. Th FCE s xs Evry yar UCLES prscrbs as s xs a ls of fv books, whch may b novls, collcons of shor sors or plays. Th books may b orgnal xs, or hy may b smplfd vrsons (gradd radrs) whch mach h lvl of languag comprhnson rqurd for h FCE xam. Each book says on h ls for wo yars. Up-oda lss can b found n h Exam Rgulaons publshd vry yar by UCLES. Som xampls from rcn yars ar 1 : Edgar Alln Po, Tals of Mysry and Imagnaon (gradd radr) Erns Hmngway, Th Old man and h Sa (any vrson) A Wndow on h Unvrs (collcon of shor sors - unsmplfd x) John Brly, Cry Frdom (gradd radr) Emly Bronë, Wuhrng Hghs (gradd radr) Charls Dckns, Gra Expcaons (gradd radr) Aldous Huxly, Brav Nw World (gradd radr) Daphn du Maurr, Rbcca (gradd radr) Bs Dcv Sors of Agaha Chrs (unsmplfd x) Th prncpal rason ha UCLES offrs hs opon s o ncourag xndd radng as a bass for h nrchmn of languag sudy. (UCLES 1997 FCE Handbook: pag 17) 2. Th prmary purpos s no lrary crcsm. Rahr, canddas ar offrd h possbly n Papr 2 (Wrng Papr), Par 2, Quson 5, of smply showng ha hy hav rad and apprcad a s x. (rfrnc as abov). Howvr, as can b sn from h abov ls, h s xs also funcon as an nroducon o som of h br known works of Englsh fcon. Th advanags of choosng o sudy a s x Thr ar wo man groups of advanags of choosng o sudy a s x. Th frs has o do wh h fac ha sudns wll b nvolvd n radng xnsvly a a lvl of dffculy whch machs hr ably. Th scond ara of mporanc rlas spcfcally o h FCE xam slf and s prparaon. EXTENSIVE READING Radng a lo s good for you! Mos achrs wll agr ha subsanal radng s a val par of h prparaon ndd for an xam such as h FCE. Sudns who rad wdly sand a much br chanc of passng or ncrasng hr grad, smply bcaus radng mprovs boh hr knowldg of languag and hr languag sklls. Rsarch no xnsv radng bars ou achrs nuons: hr ar many valuabl languag bnfs and ohr bnfs o b gand from xnsv radng: Languag knowldg and sklls Radng a lo of maral a h rgh lvl wll gv larnrs valuabl xposur o languag ( comprhnsbl npu ), rnforcng languag larn n class and hlpng n h languag acquson procss. For xampl, Krashn clams ha wrng s largly larn hrough radng (1993: pags 7 and 72) 2, and ha subsanal vocabulary s acqurd hrough radng (1993). Morovr, h also argus ha spllng s manly larn hrough radng, nsrucon bng mnmally ffcv. Ohr wrrs hav clamd ha xnsv radng: hlps larnrs o acqur grammar (.g. Elly 1991) hlps larnrs o acqur vocabulary (Ps al. 1989, Elly 1991, Grab 1995) mprovs wrng ably (Hafz and Tudor 1989); mprovs radng sklls ncludng auomac lr and word rcognon, radng comprhnson, radng srags (Robb & Sussr 1989, Grab 1995, Hafz and Tudor 1989) mprovs ohr languag sklls (g spakng) and ovrall languag profcncy (Elly and Manghuba 1981, Elly 1991) Th radng hab On h affcv lvl, radng books a h rgh lvl of dffculy wll ncourag h radng hab. Sudns wll fl posv owards maral hy can undrsand whou gra dffculy, and wll hrfor gan n confdnc so ha hy wll rad mor and mor. In hs way hy wll hav los of pracc n radng n Englsh and so hr comprhnson sklls wll mprov. As s ofn sad, You larn o rad by radng. Morovr, f sudns fl confdn n radng n a forgn languag, hy wll hav accss o a valuabl larnng rsourc whch s no dpndn on ohr popl such as achrs or nav spakrs. I s also possbl ha sudns wll larn o njoy radng n h forgn languag and so hy wll hav a mans for usful rlaxaon. 1 For dals of h parcular dons on h UCLES ls, rfr o h UCLES FCE Handbook. 2 For all rfrncs, s pag 17 of hs gud, Rfrncs and suggsons for furhr radng. 2

Culural conn Through radng books n a forgn languag, sudns wll mprov hr undrsandng of s culur. Accss o h culural nformaon conand n novls and sors wll nhanc and buld h background knowldg whch s such an mporan facor n radng comprhnson. EXAMINATION ADVANTAGES Th s book quson Th frs, obvous pon hr s ha radng on of h s books ncrass h numbr of qusons avalabl o h candda n Papr 2, Par 2. UCLES s kn for sudns o op for a s x. To quo a rcn xam rpor: Sudns should b ncouragd o rad on of h background xs and consdr choosng Quson 5 n Par 2. Thy wll always hav a choc of wo asks. (UCLES 1997 FCE Examnaon Rpor: pag 10) Scondly, xamnaon markrs and achrs who hav augh FCE s books nd o agr ha choosng o answr a s book quson s a vry good opon. Canddas who choos on of hs qusons ofn produc vry good answrs and hrfor nd o g slghly hghr marks han for h ohr qusons n Par 2 of h Wrng Papr. Thr ar, no doub, varous possbl rasons for hs, of whch som mus hav o do wh a cran prdcably of h qusons. If sudns hav rad h book and ar rasonably famlar wh h plo, sng, characrs and hms, hy wll hav rady-mad das for answrs o mos of h qusons whch ar lkly o b s. In ohr words, hy should no hav o hnk vry hard durng h xam for somhng o wr abou. Morovr, hrough radng, undrsandng and dscussng h book, hy wll larn h vocabulary hy wll nd o us whn hy com o wr hr xam answr, whch also has obvous advanags. Crcal radng sklls Mos radng asks, whhr n class or n h FCE xam slf, opra a h lvl of basc comprhnson of h x, whhr hs rlas o h languag or h conn. Howvr, n radng and prparng for h s book qusons, larnrs hav h opporuny o rad n a way whch s rlavly unusual n oday s forgn languag classrooms bu whch s a crucally mporan aspc of h radng skll. Spcfcally, h s book opon asks for h radr s own nrpraons and slcons of wha s parcularly saln, sgnfcan or nrsng for hr/hm. Th candda s askd o rad crcally, n ohr words o arcula a prsonal rspons o h x, o say wha hy lk or dslk, agr or dsagr wh, o suggs alrnavs o aspcs of h x or o rla wha hy rad o hr own crcumsancs. Radng crcally s a skll whch sudns nd n all aras of h currculum and spcally a hghr ducaonal lvls. Thus, h s book opon offrs h possbly o xnd sgnfcanly an mporan aspc of sudns radng sklls. Managng h s book opon CHOOSING THE BOOK Havng dcdd ha you wll offr your sudns h chanc o prpar for h s book opon, hr ar a numbr of ssus o consdr n choosng whch book o sudy. 1. Frs you wll nd o dcd whhr you wll slc on book for h whol class o work on, or whhr you wll b abl o l sudns work on dffrn books, hr ndvdually or n groups. 2. Thn hr s h quson of xpns. Each sudn wll nd a copy of h book o whch hy can rfr rgularly. I s bs f h sudns can hav a book ach. Howvr, may b possbl for sudns o shar a book, or o whdraw h book from m o m from h class or school lbrary. 3. UCLES ls of s books would sm o vary n dffculy. For xampl, n h ls of s book ls gvn abov, h vocabulary szs rang from prhaps 1800 words o unsmplfd xs. Howvr, unsmplfd xs wll balanc h rlavly dffcul vocabulary wh asr plo lns. Thus your sudns may cop wh unsmplfd xs whou much dffculy, or you may fl ha hy would b br wh a smplfd x. In gnral, howvr, s mporan ha xnsv radng xs do no conan a larg numbr of unknown words. If sudns ar consanly havng o rfr o hr dconars, h radng procss wll b dffcul and offpung, and sudns wll no njoy h books. As a rough gud, has bn suggsd ha a comforabl lvl of dffculy can b gaugd by a rul of hand, ha s, f hr ar mor han fv unknown words on a pag, h x s lkly o b oo dffcul for plasurabl xnsv radng. 1 4. Fnally, n h fv books o choos from, ach on wll usually hav qu dffrn hms and subjc mar. You can obvously mak a dcson on h x yourslf. Howvr, movaon o rad s vry mporan n xnsv radng, so you wll nd o dcd whch book would b h mos nrsng and ngagng for your sudns. I s a good da o allow h sudns o hlp mak h dcson. Thr ar svral ways o do hs: You can gv sudns a vry brf summary of ach book (wo or hr lns) o fnd ou whch hy hnk hy wll lk h mos. 1 Day, RR & Bamford. 1998. Exnsv Radng n h Scond Languag Classroom. Cambrdg: Cambrdg Unvrsy Prss. pag 122 3

Or you could phoocopy h summars of h books on h back covr for sudns o look a. Afr hy hav sn h summars, sudns could dscuss hr opnons and possbly ak a vo. You could gv sudns a qusonnar o fnd ou n gnral wha knd of books hy lk o rad: horror? romanc? dcv sors? c. Us hs nformaon o hlp you mak your dcson. You could gv a copy of ach of h books on h ls o cran sudns and ask hm o rad h book and mak a rcommndaon o h class. I s assumd n hs gud ha achrs wll ra h s book as a class radr. Howvr s also possbl for sudns workng on hr own o mak us of h Workshs a h back of hs gud. BALANCING THE SET BOOK WITH OTHER ASPECTS OF FCE PREPARATION Thr s a lo o do o prpar for h Cambrdg FCE, so h m ndd for work on h s book opon wll hav o b carfully assssd and plannd for. If sudns ar gong o prpar h s book suffcnly wll o b abl o answr a quson on, hy wll nd o: rad h book undrsand h book rspond o and valua h book rvw and rvs h book rmmbr h book Radng h book Frs of all, ask yourslf whhr your sudns ar alrady accusomd o radng xnsvly. If no, s a good da o allow hm o g usd o radng asy books xnsvly somm bfor hy wll nd o rad hr s book. You may nd o xplan h purposs of xnsv radng o hm. Idally, n an xnsv radng programm, sudns: dvlop hr radng fluncy rad for h manng rahr han o sudy languag or o ransla rad asy maral rad a lo rad fas choos wha hy rad njoy wha hy rad sop f hy don lk h book hy hav chosn (Th las pon wll, of cours, no apply o h FCE s book!) For mor nformaon on xnsv radng s h Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Gradd Radrs (avalabl from Parson Educaon offcs worldwd) and h rfrncs a h nd of hs gud. Alhough you may b workng wh h s book as a class radr, s no rcommndd ha you spnd a lo of m n class acually radng. Rahr, s suggsd ha you ra h book as xnsv radng ha sudns manly do ou of class m, and ha you us class m for workng on aspcs of h book. Tm ndd for radng h book You wll nd o calcula how much m sudns wll nd o rad h s book. In hs way you can s ralsc radng args and you can mak sur ha nough m s allowd for h s book prparaon. As a vry rough gud, and assumng h lvl of h book s abou rgh for h sudns, hy should manag o rad a a ra of abou 150 words pr mnu. Thus a book of around 85 pags wh abou 300 words pr pag should ak approxmaly hr hours o rad 1. So f sudns rad, say, for half an hour pr wk, hy would nd sx wks o compl h radng. For longr books, you wll obvously nd a longr prod o do h radng, or o ncras h m spn radng pr wk. I s mporan o rmmbr, howvr, ha hr ar vry gra varaons bwn ndvduals n hr spd of radng. Ths s ru rgardlss of hr lvl of Englsh. I s a good da o dvd h book no fv or sx managabl chunks, say hr-o-fv chaprs, or 15-20 pags, and s hs for rgular homwork radng vry wk. If m allows, you may wsh o rad aloud a par of ach scon o your sudns and ask hm o fnsh h radng a hom. Alrnavly, as many gradd radrs ar rcordd on ap or on CD Rom, you could play h soundrack whl sudns follow h x n h book. Popl of all ags njoy bng rad o, whhr n hr nav languag or n h forgn languag. Harng h words wll boh hlp sudns wh hr pronuncaon (and wh h radng procss snc knowng how words sound s an mporan facor n radng), and also wh hr apps for mor and so ncras movaon. Always fnsh h radng aloud wh a fw qusons askng sudns o say wha hy hnk wll happn nx. Undrsandng h book Bfor radng h book Bfor sudns sar o rad h s book, nroduc o hm so ha hr nrs s mmdaly arousd. Thr ar many ways o do hs (s for xampl: Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Gradd Radrs, Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Flm and TV, and h rfrncs a h nd of hs gud). Hr ar a fw suggsons: If you hav no alrady don so whn choosng h book, look a h book covr and sory summary. If h book conans pcurs, look a hs. Ask for prdcons abou: h yp of book, whr and whn 1 Day & Bamford 1998: pag 85 4

h sory aks plac, who h man characrs wll b. Prsn on of h man problms or conflcs n h sory as f wr ral, for xampl as somhng whch happnd o a frnd of yours, or as somhng you rad abou n magazn. Ask sudns wha hy would do n h suaon or wha hr advc would b. For xampl, f you ar usng Wuhrng Hghs (Pngun Radrs, Lvl 5), you could show sudns a lr from Hndly o an agony aun, complanng ha hs fahr has brough hom a srang boy o lv wh h famly. H dosn lk h boy a all, and hnks hs fahr has mad a bg msak. Wha should h do? Alrnavly, us a nwspapr arcl forma, or a hadln, o prsn h opnng suaon or problm. Ths would b suabl for, for xampl, h sors n h collcon Bs Dcv Sors of Agaha Chrs (Pngun Radrs, Full Tx), svral of whch bgn wh rfrnc o a nwspapr arcl n any cas. I may b possbl o mak us of a flm of h book o nroduc h sng and characrs. (S Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Flm and TV). If hr ar opcs or hms n h book whch ar cnral o h sory, (such as mnal llnss, smugglng, lf n h fuur c) you could sar wh a dscusson of hs. Thnk abou h background nformaon sudns wll nd. Show hm pcurs or maps of placs rlvan o h book. Ask hm wha hy know abou h placs and h hsorcal sngs. Talk abou h wrr. Tll sudns somhng abou hr or hs lf and ms. Ask hm o rad any bographcal nformaon gvn a h fron or back of h book. Pon ou facs or vns n h wrr s lf whch may hav affcd aspcs of h book. For Pngun Radrs, you can rfr o h Pngun Radrs Facshs (avalabl from Parson Educaon offcs worldwd), whch provd usful nformaon abou auhors and background nformaon. Th followng books and rfrncs conan many mor acvs o us wh a class bfor radng a book: Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Gradd Radrs, Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Flm and TV, and Pngun Radrs Facshs. Whl radng h book Durng h prod whn h sudns ar radng h book, you wll nd o chck ha hy ar dong h radng, and also ha hy hav undrsood wha hy hav rad, hough a hs pon you may no wan o us much class m for hs purpos. Insad: You can ask sudns o compl sory summars for ach scon hy rad. Ths can b n a nobook wh columns mad ovr a doubl pag as follows: Chapr Wha happnd Commns Nw words or scon (mnon vns, characrs, (gv your opnon of or placs, ms) characrs, vns c) ky words By complng sory summars, sudns can rac o h sory as hy rad. Also, for ach scon, hy can kp lss of words whch ar nw or mporan, oghr wh hr manngs f rqurd. A ln should b drawn across h pags bfor sarng a nw scon. Th nobooks can b chckd on a rgular bass. Also, sudns can answr h comprhnson qusons ha may b ncludd n h book slf f s a gradd radr, and n h Pngun Radrs Facsh f s a Pngun Radr. Rspondng o, rvwng and rmmbrng h book Onc sudns hav rad a subsanal par of h book, s possbl o bgn usng lsson m o dscuss aspcs of h book ha ar rlvan o h xam. If you hav a lo of m you may b abl o us lsson m whl sudns ar sll radng h book o sar xplorng varous aspcs. Th qusons for h FCE wrng asks usually rqur dscusson of on or mor of h followng lmns: characr plo spcfc scns sng hm In h scons whch follow, suggsons for ways of workng wh hs varous aspcs ar gvn. Accompanyng Workshs can b found n h scond half of h book. Thr wll probably nd o b a mnmum of four or fv sssons durng h xam prparaon prod o covr hs aspcs of h s book. In addon, n paralll wh dscusson of h book, you can sar o us som of h wrng classs o work on h s book qusons. Fnally, h Workshs n hs pack wll also funcon as xam rvson shs: f compld hy wll provd quck rfrnc o ky nformaon. Alrnavly, you can us hm as rvson acvs n hmslvs. In h manm, hr s a suggsd ouln plan for h managmn of h s book opon, assumng an xam prparaon prod of around 12 wks wh 3-5 hours pr wk lsson m. (Imporan: Ths s a gnral gud for 5

sudns on spcfc FCE prparaon courss. You can adap hs plan o su h lngh of prparaon m your sudns hav.) Tmscal Radng classs Wrng classs Bfor h xam prparaon prod sars Wk 1 Wks 2-8 Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11-12 1. Ensur sudns ar famlar wh, and hav had som xprnc of, xnsv radng of fcon. 2. Dcd whch s book you wll choos. 3. Mak sur hr ar suffcn cops avalabl. 1. Inroduc h chosn book o h sudns. 2. Explan how you wll manag h radng and sudy of. 3. S h frs radng scon and summary nry. 1. Each wk s a furhr scon of radng. 2. Rad aloud o h sudns or lsn o a ap n class for a shor prod (5-10 mnus) onc a wk, f you wsh. 3. Chck h sudns scon summars and/or comprhnson qusons ach wk. 4. Us a class ssson o dscuss h plo and/or som of h scns. 5. Us a class ssson o dscuss h characrs. 6. Us a class ssson o dscuss h sng. Us a class ssson o dscuss h hms. Us a class ssson for valuaon of h book. Rvson Sudns rad h book a hom Durng wks 1-6: Covr h ohr yps of wrng ask for h xam and h ncssary wrng formas, namly lrs, composons (dscursv and narrav), rpors and arcls. From around wk 7: 1. Us a wrng lsson o do a s book composon wh h class. 2. S a s book lr wrng ask for homwork or md xam wrng pracc. Lm hs asks o characr, plo or scn. From around wk 9: 1. Us a wrng lsson o do a s book arcl wrng ask wh h class. 2. S a s book rpor wrng ask for homwork or md wrng pracc. In hs asks, nclud rfrnc o plo, characr, scn, hm or sng, as rlvan. Tmd wrng quson pracc n class. Prparng for h s book opon THE EXAM QUESTIONS Typs of wrng x Th qusons s ar gnral nough o b applcabl o any of h s books. Howvr, hr ar svral possbls for h yps of wrng x ha occur as Quson 5 n Par 2 of Papr 2. As wh h ohr qusons n Par 2, ach yp of wrng assums a parcular conx and rason for wrng, and a arg radr so ha h wrng has a clar sns of audnc and communcaon. I s mporan ha sudns know wha s xpcd for ach dffrn x yp. In h cas of h s book opon hs wll probably b as follows: A composon Ths s a formal pc of wrng n whch h assumd radr s a achr. Informaon wll nd o b gvn, and hs may nvolv narrang par of h plo or a scn, or dscrbng a characr or a plac. A composon may rqur argumns for and agans. Th wrr s own opnon may b askd for and should b suppord wh rasons and/or vdnc. An arcl Ths yp of x should b wrn as f for a magazn or nwslr, so ha h arg radr s somon of a smlar ag or wh smlar nrss as h wrr, probably unknown o h wrr. Th man purpos of h wrng s o arac a radr s anon and manan hr nrs. Th wrng syl can b nformal and lgh-hard or mor srous. Th arcl wll probably conan som dscrpon and nformaon, and should also conan h wrr s opnon. A rpor A rpor s a x basd on fac-fndng of som knd and s wrn o gv nformaon and probably o mak rcommndaons, hough srong opnons xprssd n a prsonal way ar no rqurd. Th radrs ar assumd 6

o b hr suprors, such as a achr or a boss, or prs, such as collagus or classmas. Th syl s mprsonal and formal. Layou s mporan so a l s a good da and hadngs can b usd for dffrn scons. A lr Ths s wrn o a known prson, such as a pnfrnd, and so h syl s nformal. Th purpos may b o gv nformaon, dscrb an xprnc or gv rasons or opnons. Th layou should b as f for a lr. Tx yp Syl Radr Organzaon Conn & layou Composon formal achr * nroducon * paragraphs * concluson * nformaon * opnons & rasons * suggsons or rcommndaons Arcl farly nformal; lghhard or srous; farly prsonal magazn or nwslr radr (.. unknown pr, somon of sam ag/nrss) * l * nroducon * paragraphs * concluson * nformaon * opnon & rasons * suggsons or rcommndaons Lr nformal, prsonal a known prson (g pnfrnd) Rpor formal, mprsonal a supror (g boss) or a pr (g collagu) * saluaon * paragraphs * ndng & sgnaur * l * hadngs * nroducon * paragraphs * concluson * nformaon * opnon & rasons * nformaon * suggsons or rcommndaons Us Sudn s Worksh 1: FCE quson yps (1) (s back of book) o hlp sudns larn and rmmbr wha knds of layou, syl and assumd radr ar nvolvd n h dffrn yps of xs. You may wsh o us hs Worksh a h bgnnng of h xam prparaon prod durng a wrng lsson. Or you can us for rvson purposs narr h xam. Rspons yps Whn h framwork abov, sudns wll nd o rspond n varous dffrn ways. Mos of h s book qusons, for xampl, wll usually rqur canddas o: gv facual nformaon abou h book by dscrbng an aspc of 1. plo 2. scn 3. characr 4. hm 5. sng gv som knd of prsonal rspons, such as: 1. an opnon,.g. sayng whhr hy lk or dslk somhng, an valuaon of h mporanc of a scn or characr 2. rasons for hr opnons 3. rcommndaons or suggsons 4. a rspons nvolvng a dgr of crav hnkng or magnaon 5. a comparson or a lnk wh somhng ousd h x or n h candda s own lf 6. dmonsraon of nsgh and undrsandng Sudn s Worksh 2: FCE quson yps (2) (s back of book) gvs som sampl qusons from prvous xam paprs. Us Worksh 2 nar h bgnnng of h xam prparaon prod o show sudns wha knds of qusons ar s n hs par of h Wrng Papr. Th Worksh wll also nroduc hm o h cagors of nformaon abou h book ha hy wll nd o b abl o supply n hr xam answrs. Ask hm o rad boxs A and B and ll hm ha durng h classs o com, onc hy hav compld h radng of h book and hr scon summars, hy wll b gvn pracc n xplorng hs aspcs of h book. Lar on, prhaps durng wks 11 and 12, you can look agan a Worksh 2 and ask h sudns o dnfy xacly wha knds of nformaon and prsonal rspons ar rqurd for ach of h xam qusons n h Worksh. You can also us h qusons n h Worksh for sudns o wr pracc answrs. 7

Suggsd conn for ach xam quson gvn on Worksh 2 ar gvn blow: Quson no. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Informaon abou h book Characr dscrpon suppord by plo and scn dscrpon Dscrpons of plo, scn, characr, sng, as appropra Dscrpon of plo and scn Characr dscrpon suppord by plo and scn dscrpon Characr dscrpon suppord by plo and scn dscrpon B. Prsonal rspons Opnon and rasons Opnon and rasons, nsgh and undrsandng, suggsons, rcommndaons Crav magnaon, rasons Opnon, comparson wh somhng n your lf, rasons, nsgh and undrsandng Opnon and rasons, nsgh and undrsandng EXAM TIPS In gnral, sudns should no: jus dscrb h plo; wr abou a book hy hav no rad; larn a modl answr and us for a quson for whch dos no f. Bu hy should: corrcly dnfy h quson yps; corrcly dnfy wha yps of rspons ar ndd; follow hs sps whn answrng an xam quson: hnk - plan - wr - chck; mak sur nough nformaon s ncludd for somon who hasn rad h book o undrsand h answr ; mak sur h answr fs h quson. Whn acually wrng, sudns should: us on paragraph for ach man pon; mak h ln of argumn and h funcon of ach paragraph clar by usng appropra conncv words and phrass (.g.: frsly,...; n addon,...; on h ohr hand,... c); suppor opnons wh xampls and vdnc from h book; us hngs ha characrs hav sad or don o suppor opnons whn wrng characr skchs. 6 7 8 Dscrpon of h hms/das suppord by dals of plo, scn, characr and sng Dscrpon of h sng Dscrpon of any of h lmns (plo, scn, characr, sng, hm) Opnon and rasons, suggson, rcommndaon Comparson wh somhng n your lf, nsgh and undrsandng Opnon and rasons For a sampl ssay whch llusras som of h abov pons abou wrng, s Sudn s Worksh 3: A sampl ssay (s back of book). Ths Worksh conans qusons o hlp mak hs pons clar. Alhough Worksh 3 s concrnd wh wrng s book answrs, h pons mad abou wrng ar gnral nough o b rlvan o all h wrng qusons, so ha, f you wsh, you can us hs Worksh n a wrng lsson nar h bgnnng of h xam prparaon prod. Or f you prfr, you can us h Worksh n a wrng lsson from wk 7 onwards o focus parcularly on h wrng of a s book answr. 9 10 Dscrpon of any of h lmns (plo, scn, characr, sng, hm) Dscrpon of any of h lmns (plo, scn, characr, sng, hm) Opnon and rasons Opnon and rasons Us Worksh 3 as follows: 1. Ask sudns o rad hrough h ssay and answr quson 1. 2. Now ask hm (or rmnd hm f you hav alrady don Workshs 1 and 2) wha knd of syl s rqurd and wha sor of conn s rqurd. 3. Thn ask hm o answr qusons 2 and 3. Dscuss h answrs wh h class. 4. Now focus on h ohr faurs of languag and h organzaon. Look a qusons 4-15 wh h sudns, hlpng hm o arrv a suabl answrs. 8

Answrs for Worksh 3 ar as follows. (Qusons on h Worksh ar n roman yp blow; answrs o hs qusons ar n alc yp blow h qusons.) Lsnng o a wll-known book on a cass s convnn for busy popl who hav no m o rad. For xampl, you can lsn whl drvng o work, or clanng h hous. Thr ar many books avalabl on cass hs days. So would b a good da o rcord Wuhrng Hghs by Emly Bronë? A lsnng vrson of Wuhrng Hghs could hlp o mak sm mor nrsng. For xampl, h wahr and amosphr ar mporan n h sory and so you could rcord h sound of wnd and ran on a cass vrson. Addng som musc would also ncras s dramac quals. In addon, f s possbl o har h characrs spakng would hlp o magn hm and hr quals. I would b vry nc o har Hahclff s voc and ha of h wo Cahrns. Ths ar srong characrs who all hav los of moons. Som mporan scns, such as whn Hahclff and Edgar quarrl abou Isablla would b vry xcng. On h ohr hand, whn you rad a book, you normally nr h sln world of h magnaon. To hav ral vocs gvn o h characrs mgh prhaps spol h njoymn for som popl. I would also b dffcul, I hnk, o mak sur ha h vocs of all h characrs ar dffrn so ha h lsnr s no confusd. All n all, I would srongly rcommnd rcordng Wuhrng Hghs on cass. Bu could no rally rplac radng h book. 1. Look a Worksh 2. For whch of h qusons dos h ssay abov provd an answr? Quson 2 2. Has h wrr usd h rgh knd of syl? Fnd xampls of words usd whch ndca h yp of syl. Ys. I should b n a syl suabl for a magazn arcl. I bgns n a way whch s nndd o capur h radr s anon. Th syl s farly nformal and prsonal, as should b. Exampls of hs ar: us of So n h fourh snnc, I, I hnk, all n all, you 3. Has h wrr ncludd h rgh sors of das and nformaon n h answr? Fnd xampls. Th followng was suggsd for quson 2 on Worksh 2 Quson A. Informaon abou h book B. Prsonal rspons no. 2 Dscrpons of plo, scn, characr, sng, as appropra opnon and rasons, nsgh and undrsandng, suggsons, rcommndaons Wh h possbl xcpon of plo, hs hngs can all b sad o hav bn ncludd n h answr 4. Wha s h funcon of h frs paragraph? To provd an nroducon and o arac h radr 5. Wha s h funcon of h frs hr snncs n hs paragraph? To provd som gnral background nformaon 6. Wha s funcon of h las snnc n hs paragraph? To nroduc h spcfc book whch s h opc of h x 7. Wha s h funcon of h scond paragraph? To gv a posv answr o h qusons wh spcfc rasons why would b a good da o rcord h book 8. Wha s h funcon of h hrd paragraph? o gv som mor rasons why would b a good da o rcord h book 9. Why has h wrr chosn o mak wo paragraphs? Th frs paragraph s abou amosphr and h scond s abou h characrs 10. Wha words dos h wrr us o show how h das n paragraphs 2 and 3 ar conncd? for xampl, also, n addon 11. Wha s h funcon of h fourh paragraph? o mnon som problms 12. Wha words n h frs snnc mak s funcon clar? on h ohr hand - o show conras 13. Wha s h conncon bwn h scond and frs snnc n hs paragraph? Th scond xpands on h frs and xplans why hr may b a problm 14. Wha s h funcon of h las paragraph? To conclud and mak a rcommndaon 15. Undrln all h condonal vrb forms n h ssay. Why ar hs forms usd? S h undrlnd words n h ssay abov. Th condonal s usd bcaus h answr rqurs som spculaon and xprsson of possbly. In h cas of I would rcommnd, hs s a fxd phras whch s ofn usd n makng rcommndaons. Th would s a knd of hdg o mak sm pol. 9

WORKING ON ASPECTS OF THE BOOK In h scons whch follow som das ar gvn o hlp sudns dvlop hr undrsandng of h book s plo, scns, characrs, sng and hms. Thr ar also scons whch dal wh valuang h book and wh rvsng for h xam. Plo and scn Th am hr s o hlp sudns dvlop a clar undrsandng of wha happns n h book, and also o dnfy ky scns. Sudns should hav an awarnss of why hngs happn as hy do n h sory, how on vn lads o anohr. T n your acvs wh your sudns work on h scon summars, whch sudns wll b complng as hy rad. Acvs afr radng a par of h book If h scon h sudns hav rad fnshs a a pon whr h characr s lf wh a choc, prpar, or ask sudns o prpar, an Agony aun lr n whch h problm s dscrbd. Sudns can wr or mak suggsons for a rply. For xampl, n Wuhrng Hghs (Pngun Radrs, Lvl 5), a h nd of chapr 9 s clar ha Cahrn wll hav o choos bwn Edgar Lnon and Hahclff. An agony aun lr from Cahrn could ask for advc on whhr o marry Edgar or Hahclff. Sudns can compar hr summars of h sory, n pars, groups or as a whol class. Thr wll b varaons n h summars of dffrn sudns. Ths dffrncs can b xplod. Th sudns concrnd can b askd o xplan hr choc of ky pon or vn. Us dffrn conrbuons o buld a scon summary for h whol class. Prpar a scon or chapr summary whch conans som rrors. Sudns should fnd and corrc h rrors. Us rol play as a way of rllng wha has happnd n h scon rad. Sudns magn hy ar dffrn characrs n h sory. Each characr wll hav a dffrn vw of vns. In pars, h dffrn characrs rcoun wha happnd. Sudns work n groups. Each prson n h group aks rsponsbly for on characr. Afr radng a scon of h book, ach prson wrs a dary nry for hr characr, as f hy ar ha characr. Thy can nclud major vns and, f you wsh, anohr scon rcordng hr characr s racons o h vns. In h nx class sudns spnd a shor m lookng a ach ohr s dary nrs. Alrnavly, ask sudns o magn hy ar a profssonal prson such as a docor, socal workr, journals, psychars, or achr. As hs prson hy gv an accoun of h suaon as hy s. Compl mlns whch provd a quck summary of h sory. You can do hs by chapr or scon wh h ky vns. Or you could organz mlns by characr and chapr /scon. For an xampl of h lar, us Sudn s Worksh 4: Characr mlns (s back of book). If h book s long you may nd o mak mor cops of hs Worksh o nclud all h scons. Acvs afr radng h whol book Us Sudn s Worksh 5: Analyss of h plo (s back of book) o analys h plo by summarzng: h suaon or problm facng h man characrs; h ky vns whch mov h sory on; chocs facng h characrs; hr movs; h clmax or hgh pon of h sory; and how hs s lnkd wh or brngs abou h ndng. If sudns compl hs yp of analyss, hr ar bound o b dffrncs bwn answrs, whch can hn provd a bass for dscusson. An xampl of how Worksh 5 mgh b compld s gvn blow, usng Wuhrng Hghs (Pngun Radrs, Lvl 5). 10

Book: Wuhrng Hghs Opnng suaon(s)/ problm(s) (h man problm(s) ha confron(s) h characrs a h bgnnng of h sory) Mr Earnshaw brngs hom a sray chld, Hahclff, who h has found n Lvrpool, o b brough up as hs own chld. Mr Earnshaw s own chldrn rac dffrnly: Hahclff s dslkd by Hndly, and lkd by Cahrn. Mr Earnshaw ds, and hs son Hndly nhrs h propry. Hndly ras Hahclff badly, and Hahclff swars o g hs rvng. Ky vns (h man hngs ha happn: characrs chocs/acons & hr movs; consquncs of acons & vns; vns ousd h conrol of h characrs) Hndly s wf has a chld, Haron, and hn ds. Hndly sars o drnk havly. Afr ovrharng Cahrn say sh canno marry hm, Hahclff dsappars. Cahrn marrs Edgar Lnon, dsp knowng sh rally lovs Hahclff. Hahclff rurns and sars o ak hs rvng. H maks Hndly fall no db o hm hrough gamblng, and aks ovr h brngng up of Hndly s son, Haron. Whl Hahclff vss Cahrn a Thrushcross Grang, Edgar s ssr, Isablla, falls for hm. Hahclff ss h can ak advanag of hs. Hahclff and Edgar quarrl ovr Isablla: Cahrn bcoms ll. Hahclff and Isablla run away and ar marrd, and hn rurn o Wuhrng Hghs. Hahclff and Cahrn m and dclar hr lov for ach ohr. Cahrn gvs brh o a daughr, Cahy, and ds. Isablla runs away from hr husband, Hahclff, and has a son, Lnon. Hndly ds and Wuhrng Hghs now blongs o Hahclff. On par of hs rvng s compl. Isablla ds and hr son, Lnon, also Hahclff s son, coms o Wuhrng Hghs. Cahy, hs cousn and Cahrn & Edgar s daughr, ms hm and falls for hm. Lnon s du o nhr Thrushcross afr h dah of Edgar Lnon, bu Lnon s wak and ll. Hahclff wans hs son o marry Cahy so ha, n h vn of Lnon dyng bfor Edgar, conrol of Thrushcross wll go o Hahclff. Clmax (wha happns o brng abou h ndng?) Hahclff uss Lnon o rck Cahy no gong o Wuhrng Hghs. H kps Cahy a Wuhrng Hghs by forc unl Lnon & Cahy marry. Edgar Lnon ds and Lnon nhrs Thrushcross. Lnon s ll and Cahy nurss hm. H ds. Hahclff now has conrol of wo sas, and h chldrn of hs wo chldhood nms, Hndly and Edgar. Hs rvng s compl. Endng Cahy and Haron grow o lk ach ohr. Hahclff ds n a srang fashon, as f h spr of Cahrn has rurnd o ak hm o h grav. Cahy and Haron marry and go o lv a Thrushcross. Usng hr scon summars or h compld plo analyss as a bass, sudns mak a pch. Tha s, s up a rol play acvy n pars n whch sudn A prnds o b a flm scrp wrr and rs o sll h sory o sudn B, who s a flm producr. Mak a ls of pons n h sory whr varous hngs mgh hav happnd dffrnly. Ths pons could b chocs facng a characr, or vns ousd h characrs conrol. Ask sudns o hnk abou wha would hav happnd f x had or hadn happnd. How would h sory hav bn dffrn? Dscuss dffrn ndngs. Ask sudns o magn dffrn ndngs, or mak a ls of possbls yourslf. Pu all h suggsons n a ls and ask sudns whch hy prfr. Us a pyramd dscusson mhod 1 o dscuss h ls of possbls. Mak a ls of ky quoaons: ask sudns o say who sad hm, whn and why. 1 Thr ar svral sps n a pyramd dscusson as follows: () sudns mak up hr mnds ndvdually on h quson(s) o b dscussd; () hy dscuss hr opnons n pars and oghr com o an agrmn on h quson(s); () h pars jon oghr o mak a group of four. Ths group compars opnons and rs o com o an agrmn o prsn o h class; (v) h groups of four prsn hr opnons and h whol class rs o mak a dcson. 11

Mak a ls of shor pcs of dalogu and a ls of spakrs. Sudns can mach spakrs o dalogus, or mach commns and rpls. Mak a summary of h plo conanng som wrong facs. Sudns dnfy h msaks. Alrnavly, gv sudns a summary wh gaps or a plo sklon o compl. Ls a numbr of vns n random ordr: sudns pu h vns n h ordr n whch hy occur n h sory. Tablaux, a knd of drama chnqu, can b usd o ncourag h rmmbrng of ky scns n a way ha s fun and njoyabl. In hs chnqu, sudns work n small groups. Thy choos a scn from h book, or chapr, and arrang hmslvs as f o mak a sll phoo of h scn. Thy do no spak so s no a all hranng for hos who lack confdnc n drama acvs. Th ohr mmbrs of h class should guss wha h scn s. Characr Who s who? On of h mos mporan aspcs of a book for h purposs of comprhnson s havng a clar da of who h characrs ar and hr rlaonshps o ach ohr. I s possbl ha h book may gv a ls of characrs. If no, sudns can ls all h characrs, oghr wh hr ags, jobs, rlaonshps o ach ohr c. Afr radng a cran amoun of h x, prhaps a scon or h frs fw chaprs, ask sudns o compl a dagram such as n Sudn s Worksh 6: Who s who? (s back of book), or a famly r, o show h rlaonshps of h characrs o ach ohr. If sudns do hs ndvdually, hy can compar hr answrs n pars. Anohr way o consolda h ncssary nformaon s o us a facfl forma, as usd n pop magazns. (S Sudn s Worksh 7: Characr facfl a back of book). Ts undrsandng of who s who and wha hr rols ar by playng a gussng gam such as Twny qusons, whr on prson hnks of a characr, or prnds o b a characr, and h ohrs hav o ask wny qusons n ordr o fnd ou who h characr s. Thy can only ask wny qusons - no mor. Buld mnal pcurs of h physcal apparanc of h characrs. Fnd pars of h x whr h apparanc of popl s dscrbd. Copy hs pars of h x and mak a cloz xrcs by dlng ky words usd o gv a pcur of h characr. Ask sudns o choos whch characr hy would lk o go drssd as o a fancy drss pary and why? Wha would hy war? Ask hm o mak a ls of wha hy would nd o mak hmslvs look lk hr characr. Mak us of magazn pcurs o hlp sudns vsualz h characrs. Tak n a slcon of pcurs and ask sudns o choos whch pcurs bs f h characrs. Wha ar hy lk? In h FCE xam, sudns wll almos cranly hav o analys and dscrb h characrs quals, so hy wll nd o hav a good undrsandng of characr ras and movs and how hs affc wha happns n h sory. Dscuss wh sudns wha sor of popl h characrs ar. Buld a ls of words and phrass o hlp dscrb h characrs. S for xampl Sudn s Worksh 10: Prsonaly char (s back of book). Mak sur ha sudns can suppor hr opnons wh vdnc from h book. Dscuss h good pons and bad pons of h characrs. Usng Worksh 10, you can dscuss whhr h characrs quals man ha h characrs hav mor good pons or mor bad pons. Ask sudns o say who hy lk and/or dslk n h sory and why. Who would hy mos lk o m? In a flm, whch characr would hy mos lk o play? Sudn s Worksh 8: Characr posr can b usd for sudns o mak profls of h characr hy lk or admr h mos. I s mporan ha sudns can provd vdnc from h book for judgmns mad of h characrs. Slc som vns from h book and ls hm n a column on on sd of a worksh. In a scond column, mak a ls of adjcvs or phrass. Wha do h vns rval abou h characrs? Ask sudns o choos suabl adjcvs or phrass from h scond column. Wordsarch puzzls can hlp wh larnng ky words and vocabulary assocad wh a characr s bhavour. Thy ar asy o mak. Smply pu h words you wan sudns o larn no a grd and fll h spacs wh random lrs. Ask sudns o fnd h words. Thn hy should xamn h x for pars whch dscrb bhavour characrzd by h words. Hr s an xampl: 12

Us a pop sar syl nrvw for a magazn, such as Sudn s Worksh 9: Magazn nrvw (s back of book) o ncourag sudns o dvlop a ral undrsandng of h characrs. In answrng hs yps of qusons hy wll hav o us vryhng hy know abou h characrs and magn appropra answrs. If you fl hs rqurs oo much magnaon from your sudns, cross ou any qusons whch canno b answrd wh nformaon from h s x slf. You can adap Sudn s Worksh 9 for a group acvy. Phoocopy on s of qusons for ach group. Cu h qusons up no srps and pu hm no an nvlop or a box for ach group. Each prson n h group should b on of h characrs. Th sudns ak n urns o ak a quson from h nvlop or box and answr n rol. Mak us of horoscops o hlp dvlop undrsandng of a characr. For hs you wll nd o fnd dscrpons of h prsonals of h dffrn sar sgns. Ask sudns o say whch sar sgn hy hnk a characr was born undr. An mporan aspc of characr s mov. Dscuss wh sudns why characrs ac n parcular ways or why hy mak h chocs hy do. You could pu hs no a ral fram as n Sudn s Worksh 11: Characrs on ral (s back of book). For hs Worksh you should ls som of h acons don by a characr and dca hs o h sudns. Ths could bcom a ru/fals xrcs f you nclud som hngs no don. Sudns hn pu hmslvs n h rol of h characr and say or wr whhr hy ar guly or no guly, gvng rasons for hr bhavour. Som of h accusaons may no hav an obvous answr and may lad o dscusson. Hr s an xampl, usng Wuhrng Hghs (Pngun Radrs, Lvl 5): 13 Hr ar som words whch dscrb Hrcul Poro n h sory Th Advnur of h Clapham Cook n Bs Dcv Sors of Agaha Chrs (Pngun Radrs, Full Tx). fasdous knd prsvrng clvr obsna acful pan proud charmng pol Can you fnd h words n h puzzl oppos? Th words ar arrangd up, down, lf o rgh and rgh o lf. (If hs s oo asy for your sudns, don gv hm h ls of words frs.) Whn sudns hav found h words, ask hm o chck any unknown words n hr dconars and hn look n h sory o fnd placs whr Poro bhavs n ways dscrbd by h words. x z p a n w s y b a g k q z u o r d k x o b s n a p w n l c u s d r v z d n l w r a q o r f o v p r o u d u p a v s f s z l n c a n f y a h m b l f s g n m r a h c x z p a n w s y b a g k q z u o r d k x o b s n a p w n l c u s d r v z d n l w r a q o r f o v p r o u d u p a v s f s z l n c a n f y a h m b l f s g n m r a h c Answr:

Tachr dcas h words n bold: (Nam): Hahclff...you ar chargd wh h followng: 1. You gand posssson of Wuhrng Hghs by crookd mans. 2. You marrd Isablla vn hough you dd no lov hr. 3. You wr crul o Haron Earnshaw. 4. You forcd Cahy Lnon o marry your son, Lnon Hahclff, so ha you would gan conrol ovr Thrushcross Grang. Sudns hn prpar answrs o h chargs, as follows: How do you plad and wha s h rason? 1. No guly. I dd nohng llgal. How could I hlp f Hndly Earnshaw gambld away all hs possssons? I only ook wha was owd o m. 2. Guly, I suppos. I s ru I dd no lov hr. Bu I saw a good way o ak my rvng on Cahrn for marryng Edgar, and on h Lnon famly for akng away Cahrn from m, and for Edgar s nsuls o m whn I was youngr. 3. No guly. Th boy lovd m. I mrly mad sur ha h was brough up as I was, ha s wh no ducaon or socal gracs. Jus as hs fahr dd wh m. 4. No guly. I s ru ha I rckd hr no comng o Wuhrng Hghs and ha I kp hr hr unl hy wr marrd. Bu sh sad sh was wllng o marry Lnon, so I ddn forc hr. I was dong hr a favour, n fac, makng sur ha sh would b lookd afr whn hr fahr dd as h sa would go o Lnon on hr fahr s dah. I know Lnon mgh hav dd bfor Edgar and hn Cahy would hav nhrd Thrushcross. Bu h ddn, dd h? Ohr aspcs of characr whch should b dscussd ar: () comparsons: wh anohr characr n h book; also wh popl ha h sudns acually know n ral lf. You could us a grd forma, such as n Sudn s Worksh 10: Prsonaly char (s back of book). () changs: how do characrs chang hrough h book? A h nd of h book, hav h characrs larn anyhng? If you us characr mlns (Worksh 4), changs n characrs as h book progrsss can b asly rcordd. Sng Sudns nd o hav as clar a mnal pcur of h sng as possbl. If you can, provd pcurs or flm clps o hlp wh hs (as nod abov). Fnd pars of h x whch dscrb h plac and buld knowldg of h vocabulary sudns can us for dscrpons of h sng, boh h m and h plac. Mak cloz xrcss wh hs pars of h x. Dscuss wha rol h sng has n h sory. Fnd pars of h x whch show how affcs characrs bhavour or vns n h sory. Try magnng h sory akng plac n a dffrn sng. Would work? Ask sudns o magn hy r gong for a vs o h plac n h sory. Ask hm o hnk abou wha hy would hy nd o ak wh hm and why. Ths wll hlp hm o magn h nvronmn, as wll as rqurng undrsandng of h sory. You can us Sudn s Worksh 12: Essnal ms for a vs (s back of book) for hs purpos. An alrnav way o us h Worksh s o lm h numbr of ms o, say fv, and hav a pyramd dscusson so ha you nd wh fv ms agrd by h whol class (S Foono 1, pag 11.) Fnd pars of h x ha dscrb buldngs. Ask sudns o wr sa agn dscrpons of h buldngs. Ask sudns o rad a parcular scon and o fnd ky words or phrass ha gv a fl of h plac and hn o mak an acrosc from s nam. Ths wll hlp sudns o larn h ncssary vocabulary. Thr ar wo ways o do hs, as shown n hs xampl from Par 1 of Wuhrng Hghs (Pngun Radrs, Lvl 5): Acrosc 1 W - wld, wndy, w U - unusual dcorav sonwork T - rs H - hlls E - vl-lookng guns R - rough wahr I - c N - norh wnd G - grass growng bwn h sons Acrosc 2 bggng for h warm H of h sun froz E n hard pourng w I h ran poorly G rown rs h whol H llsd was on wh ocan of snow a branch of a r T ouchng my wndow m S y and cold 14

Alrnavly, sudns can b askd o ls ky words or words from a parcular lxcal fld and urn hm no an acronym for asy mmorzaon, lk hs xampl from Th Mllon Dollar Bond Robbry n Bs Dcv Sors of Agaha Chrs. aloof ashor lnr on board ovrboard floang palac sllaq sal land l alongsd quay Thms Th hms porrayd n a book ar an mporan lmn n producng a prsonal rspons n h radr. Sudns should b ncouragd o hnk abou and hav opnons abou hr book s hms. No ha FCE xam qusons may rfr o a book s opcs or das, rahr han usng h word hm. Idnfyng hms Askng sudns som or all of hs qusons may hlp o rval h hms and opcs porrayd n h book. Why do you hnk h wrr wand o wr hs sory? Wha do you hnk hs/hr ams ar? If somon askd you, Wha s h sory abou?, wha would you say? Wha dos h sory ll you abou lf n...? Wha dos ll you abou lf n gnral? Wha dos show you abou how popl bhav n dffrn crcumsancs? Ar hr any lssons o b larn from hs sory? Is hr anyhng n h book whch s rlvan o your own lf? Look back a Worksh 5. Th scon on h opnng suaon or problm (f has bn compld) may hlp o rval h book s man hms. Us Sudn s Worksh 13: Workng wh hms (s back of book) o hlp sudns hnk abou hms and das n h book. On hs worksh ar many of h common hms o b found n novls, alhough h ls s by no mans xhausv. Add som mor words f you wsh. Ask sudns o ry o dsngush bwn h man hms and h lss mporan ons. Trackng h hms Onc h hms hav bn dnfd, hy can b rackd hrough h book usng a smlar dagram as ha usd n Worksh 4. Insad of wrng h characrs nams n h boxs on h lf of h sh, wr h hm(s). Thn ask sudns o dnfy n ach scon or chapr vns or ohr aspcs whch ar conncd wh h hm. In hs way sudns wll s how h auhor dvlops h hm hrough h book. Ask sudns o lnk parcular hms wh characrs n h book, gvng rasons for hr chocs. Mak a ls of hms n h book and fnd a slcon of suabl xracs from h book. Ask sudns o mach hms wh xracs. Alrnavly ask ach sudn o choos a parcular hm o work on. Thn ask h sudns o loca pars of h x whch dal parcularly wll wh hr chosn hm. Thy should b abl o xplan hr rasons for hr choc of xrac. If characrs n h book hav parcular problms, hy can b prsnd as agony aun/advc column lrs o whch sudns can wr rpls. Alrnavly h problms can b usd n a class dba or a pyramd dscusson. EVALUATING THE BOOK Afr dscussng h varous aspcs of h book abov, and owards h nd of h sudy prod, s a good da for sudns o valua h book. Th xam qusons ar lkly o rqur opnons on whhr hy lkd h book, or cran aspcs of, or no, and why. Sudn s Worksh 14: Evaluang h book provds qusons whch sudns can us o hlp hm form opnons of mos of h aspcs of h book whch hy may nd o dscuss n h xam. Ths Worksh can b compld by ach sudn ndvdually, or hy can work n pars and rcord hr parnr s answrs. Tll sudns ha n h xam s mporan o gv rasons for hr opnons. Alrnavly, h sam qusons can b slghly modfd o mak a Fnd Somon Who... xrcs, as shown ovrlaf: 15

Fnd somon who 1.... njoyd hs book. 2.... dd no njoy hs book. 3.... spcally lkd... (nam of characr) Nam Tll sudns ha hy should magn ha hy ar gong o wr a scrnplay for a flm of h book. In ordr o do hs, hy wll hav o cu subsanal pars of h book. Ask hm o rfr o hr scon summars or characr mlns and dcd whch pars of h book could b omd from a flm. Thy can compar hr answrs n pars and rpor back o h class, gvng rasons for hr dcsons. 4.... dd no lk... (nam of characr) 5.... was rmndd of somon hy know by... (nam of characr) 6....lkd h par of h book whn... bs. 7.... lkd h par of h book whn...las. 8.... found......nrsng. 9.... would hav... f hy had bn h wrr. 10.... agrd (or dd no agr) wh h wrr s vw of... 11.... has larn ha......from hs book. 12.... hnks hs book would mak a good flm or TV srs. Th spacs n h qusons abov can b flld n bfor h xrcs by h achr or by h sudns. Whn sudns hav found nams o pu n h rgh hand column, hs popl can b askd o gv rasons for hr opnons n a whol class fdback ssson. Ask sudns o mak a ls of abou fv popl ha hy know (frnds, famly c). Ask hm o say whhr ach prson would njoy h book and why or why no. REMEMBERING AND REVISING THE BOOK For h xam, sudns wll nd o rmmbr h sory and vryhng hy hav larn abou h book. I s a good da o rvs ky pons wh sudns bfor h xam. You can mak us of mmory chnqus and gams o hlp wh hs. If sudns hav compld h Workshs n hs book, hy can rfr o hs o hlp rvs ky pons. Som of h das for acvs alrady dscrbd wll b qually usful for h rvson sag. Ask sudns o look a Workshs 1-3 agan o s whhr hy know now wha hy should wr n an xam answr. Rmnd sudns of h varous Do s and Don s lsd n h Exam ps scon on pag 8. Ky words and das can b mad no acroscs or acronyms for asy mmorzaon. Smlarly, smpl crossword puzzls can b dvsd n whch h qusons and answrs concrn lmns and aspcs of h book whch sudns nd o rmmbr. Board gams ar also an njoyabl way o ry o rmmbr a sory. S Pngun Radrs Tachrs Gud o Usng Gradd Radrs for an xampl. Mak a slcon of snncs from h book and wr hm on slps of papr. Pu all h slps of papr no an nvlop. In groups, ach sudn aks a pc of papr from h nvlop and has o say wha h snnc rfrs o, and wha happnd bfor and afr. From h book, fnd a numbr of pars of samns and rpls. Wr ach on on a slp of papr. Gv ach sudn a slp of papr and ask hm o larn by har wha s on h papr so ha hy can say asly. Tak h slps of papr away. Thy mus fnd hr parnr by gong around h room and sayng hr snnc. An adapd form of a gussng gam known as Bocll wll hlp sudns rmmbr characrs and wha hy dd. In hs gam, (akng Bs Dcv Sors of Agaha Chrs as an xampl) sudn A sars by sayng: I m hnkng of somon. Th ohr sudns hn sar o ask yp 1 qusons abou 16

acons or characrscs, such as: Dd hs prson prnd o b a houskpr? Sudn A has hr opons for a rply: () f h answr o h quson s no, Sudn A mus say so and also say who h qusonr was hnkng of, g. No, s no Mrs Havrng. If sudn A s wrong n hr guss as o who h qusonr had n mnd, sh s hn ou of h gam; () f sudn A dosn know who h qusonr s hnkng of, sh mus say I don know and sh s hn ou of h gam. () If h answr o h quson s ys, Sudn A mus say so and h qusonr s allowd a yp 2 quson such as: Is Mrs Havrng? - If h answr o hs quson s ys, h qusonr wns a pon and a nw round sars. If no, sudn A has a pon and h qusonng connus. I s a good da o lm h numbr of yp 1 qusons allowd n ach round. Mak a gam basd on h hms n h book as follows. (Ths gam s basd on a wll known board gam calld Pconary ). Wr all h hm words on a s of cards. Sudns should work n groups of around sx or gh. In ach group hr ar wo ams of hr or four: A and B. Each am has a pncl and som clan shs of papr. For ach group you wll also nd som mans of mng, such as an hour glass or a sop wach. Th cards ar lad fac down on ach group s abl. Th gam procds lk hs. On sudn from am A aks a card from h pl whou showng o h rs of hs/hr am. S/h hn has on mnu (srcly md) o ry o draw a pcur of h word on h card so ha hs/hr am can guss wha h word s. If h/sh succds and h am guss corrcly, hy scor on pon. If no, h am scors nohng. Thn a sudn from am B pcks a card and h sam procdur aks plac. Ths connus unl all h cards hav bn usd. Th am wh h hghs numbr of pons wns. Acknowldgmn Th qusons from pas xamnaon paprs on Worksh 2 of hs gud ar rproducd by prmsson of h Unvrsy of Cambrdg Local Examnaons Syndca. Th publshrs mak graful acknowldgmn o hm. Rfrncs and suggsons for furhr radng Duff, A. & A. Maly. 1990. Lraur. Oxford: Oxford Unvrsy Prss Elly, WB. 1991. Acqurng Lracy n a Scond Languag: Th Effc of Book-basd Programs. Languag Larnng 41/3/375-411. Grab, W. 1995. Prsnaon o Colloquum on Rsarch n Radng n a Scond Languag. 29h TESOL Annual Convnon, Long Bach, Ca. Grnwood, J. 1988. Class Radrs. Oxford: Oxford Unvrsy Prss. Hafz, FM & I Tudor. 1989. Exnsv Radng and h Dvlopmn of Languag Sklls. Englsh Languag Tachng Journal 43/1/4-13. Krashn,S. 1993. Th Powr of Radng. Englwood: Lbrars Unlmd Inc Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Gradd Radrs. 1998. Harlow: Longman. Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Usng Flm and TV. 1999. Harlow: Longman. Ps, M, Wh, H & S Krashn. 1989. Acqurng Scond Languag Vocabulary hrough Radng: A Rplcaon of h Clockwork Orang Sudy Usng Scond Languag Acqurrs. Journal of Radng n a Forgn Languag 5/2/271-275. Robb, TN & B Sussr. 1989. Exnsv Radng vs Sklls Buldng n an EFL Conx. Journal of Radng n a Forgn Languag 5/2/239-251 UCLES. 1997. Frs Crfca n Englsh Handbook. Cambrdg: Unvrsy of Cambrdg Local Examnaons Syndca. UCLES. 1997. Frs Crfca n Englsh Examnaon Rpor Jun 1997. Cambrdg: Unvrsy of Cambrdg Local Examnaons Syndca. Addrsss Unvrsy of Cambrdg Local Examnaons Syndca 1 Hlls Road Cambrdg CB1 2EU UK Tl: (01223) 553311 Fax: (01223) 460278 17

Sudn s Worksh 1 FCE quson yps (1) In Papr 2 (Wrng) n h Frs Crfca n Englsh xam, hr ar dffrn yps of quson o answr and s mporan ha you know wha s rqurd for ach yp. You nd o hnk abou h bs syl o us, wha sor of prson mgh rad h yp of answr you wr, how o organz your das and how o lay ou your answr. Choos appropra words from boxs A, B and C blow and wr h words n h mpy labls for ach quson yp. A. STYLE formal nformal lgh-hadd srous mprsonal prsonal B. READER achr somon of your ag/nrss frnd supror g. boss collagu C. ORGANIZATION & LAYOUT l hadngs & scons nroducon paragraphs concluson saluaon ndng & sgnaur PHOTOCOPIABLE Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 2 FCE quson yps (2) As wll as consdrng h syl, radr, layou and organzaon, you also nd o rcognz wha knd of conn h s book xam qusons rqur. Look a hs qusons, som of whch ar from pas FCE paprs. Wha das should you nclud n your answr? Choos answrs from boxs A and B blow. A. INFORMATION Wha nformaon abou h book should you nclud n your answr? B. PERSONAL RESPONSE Wha knd of prsonal rspons s rqurd? * plo dscrpon * dscrpon of on or mor scns * characr dscrpon * dscrpon of h sng (plac and m) * dscrpon of h hms/das * opnon(s) * rason(s) * suggson(s) * rcommndaon(s) * comparson(s) wh somhng n your own lf * nsgh and undrsandng * crav magnaon 1 Whch characr n h book or n on of h shor sors do you mos dslk? Wr a composon gvng rasons for your choc. ( UCLES, Jun 1998). 2 TALKING BOOKS - rcordngs of wll-known books on casss - ar bcomng vry popular. You hav bn askd o wr an arcl for an Englsh magazn, sayng how wll h book or on of h shor sors you hav rad would work on cass, and wha som of h problms mgh b. ( UCLES, Jun 1998) 3 Can you magn a dffrn ndng o h book you hav rad? Wr a composon, summarzng how h book or shor sory mgh nd and gvng your rasons for h nw ndng. ( UCLES, Dcmbr 1997) 4 Do you know anybody who rsmbls on of h characrs n h book? If so, wr a composon, sang how you know hs prson and xplanng n wha ways h or sh s smlar o h characr n h book. Mnon any dffrncs. ( UCLES, Dcmbr 1997) 5 Wr a composon, sayng whch characr n h book you hnk h auhor mos njoyd wrng abou and gvng your rasons why. ( UCLES, Dcmbr 1998) 6 Your achr has askd you o suggs a book whch would b suabl for class dscusson. Wr a rpor for your achr on h book you hav rad, dscrbng how h auhor covrs on opc n h book ha you hnk would b suabl for class dscusson. ( UCLES, Dcmbr 1998) 7 Wr a composon, dscrbng a plac n h book whch you fnd dffrn o whr you lv. Explan wha h man dffrncs ar. ( UCLES, Jun 1997) PHOTOCOPIABLE 8 W ddn jus rad h book for plasur. I also hlpd us wh our sudy of Englsh. Do you agr wh hs sudn s samn? Wr a composon, xplanng why or why no, wh rfrnc o h book whch you hav rad. ( UCLES, Jun 1997) 9 A frnd of yours has wrn o you sayng ha h/sh has bn askd by a achr o rad h book you hav jus rad. Wr a lr o your frnd sayng wha you lkd and/or dd no lk abou h book. 10 Many wll known books hav bn mad no flms. Wr an arcl for a magazn sayng whhr you hnk h book or on of h shor sors you hav rad would mak a good flm, gvng your rasons and xplanng wha dffculs hr mgh b. Choos on of h qusons abov o wr a md pracc answr. Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 3 A sampl ssay Look a h sampl ssay blow and hn answr h qusons whch follow. Lsnng o a wll known book on a cass s convnn for busy popl who hav no m o rad. For xampl, you can lsn whl drvng o work, or clanng h hous. Thr ar many books avalabl on cass hs days. So would b a good da o rcord Wuhrng Hghs by Emly Bronë? A lsnng vrson of Wuhrng Hghs could hlp o mak sm mor nrsng. For xampl, h wahr and amosphr ar mporan n h sory and so you could rcord h sound of wnd and ran on a cass vrson. Addng som musc would also ncras s dramac quals. In addon, f s possbl o har h characrs spakng would hlp o magn hm and hr quals. I would b vry nc o har Hahclff s voc and ha of h wo Cahrns. Ths ar srong characrs who all hav los of moons. Som mporan scns, such as whn Hahclff and Edgar quarrl abou Isablla, would b vry xcng. On h ohr hand, whn you rad a book, you normally nr h sln world of h magnaon. To hav ral vocs gvn o h characrs may prhaps spol h njoymn for som popl. I would also b dffcul, I hnk, o mak sur ha h vocs of all h characrs ar dffrn so ha h lsnr s no confusd. All n all, I would srongly rcommnd rcordng Wuhrng Hghs on cass. Bu could no rally rplac radng h book. PHOTOCOPIABLE Answr hs qusons: 1 Look a Worksh 2. For whch of h qusons dos h ssay abov provd an answr? 2 Has h wrr usd h rgh knd of syl? Fnd xampls of words usd whch ndca h yp of syl. 3 Has h wrr ncludd h rgh sors of das and nformaon n h answr? Fnd xampls. 4 Wha s h funcon of h frs paragraph? 5 Wha s h funcon of h frs hr snncs n hs paragraph? 6 Wha s funcon of h las snnc n hs paragraph? 7 Wha s h funcon of h scond paragraph? 8 Wha s h funcon of h hrd paragraph? 9 Why has h wrr chosn o mak wo paragraphs wh paragraphs 2 and 3? 10 Wha words dos h wrr us o show how h das n paragraphs 2 and 3 ar conncd? 11 Wha s h funcon of h fourh paragraph? 12 Wha words n h frs snnc mak s funcon clar? 13 Wha s h conncon bwn h scond and frs snnc n hs paragraph? 14 Wha s h funcon of h las paragraph? 15 Undrln all h condonal vrbs n h ssay. Why ar hs forms usd? Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 4 Characr mlns In h spacs for ach scon, wr wha happns o ach characr. Numbr of chapr or scon Characrs nams PHOTOCOPIABLE Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 5 Analyss of h plo Book: Opnng suaon(s)/ problm(s) (Wha s/ar h man problm(s) ha confron(s) h characrs a h bgnnng of h sory?) Ky vns (h man hngs ha happn; characrs' chocs/acons & h consquncs of hs; vns ousd h conrol of h characrs) PHOTOCOPIABLE Clmax (Wha happns o brng abou h ndng?) Endng Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 6 Who s who? Labl h spdrgrams blow. Wr h nams of h characrs on h spdrs bods. On hr lgs wr facs abou h characrs, such as hr ag or h ag covrd by h sory, sx, job, rol n h sory c.. PHOTOCOPIABLE Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 7 Characr facfl Choos a characr from h book and compl h followng: All you nd o know abou: Nam:... Ag a h bgnnng/nd of h sory:... Job/rol n h sory:... Famly:... Lvs n:... Good pons:... Bad pons:... Lks:...... Has:...... Wors momn:...... Bs momn:...... Ambon:... PHOTOCOPIABLE... Anyhng ls?......... Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 8 Characr posr Who s your favour characr n h book or sory? Mak a posr showng why you lk hm/hr. In h crcls blow wr som words or phrass whch dscrb aspcs of hs/hr prsonaly ha you lk or admr. In h squars wr som hngs whch h/sh dd n h sory. Draw a pcur of your characr or fnd a suabl phoo from a magazn o pu n h pcur fram. Gv your posr o your parnr and ask hm/hr o guss who your characr s. Fnally wr your characr s nam on h pcur fram. PHOTOCOPIABLE Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 9 Magazn nrvw Choos a characr from h book. Hr ar som qusons whch a magazn rporr would lk o ask your characr*. Wr h answrs you hnk your characr would gv: Wha s your favour colour?... Wha s your favour anmal?... Wha s your favour food?... Wha s your favour yp of car?... Wha s your favour pc of musc?... Wha s your favour plac?... Wha s your favour pc of clohng?... Wha s h wors hng you hav vr don?... Wha s your mos mbarrassng momn?... Wha would you hav wrn on your gravson?... Wha do you lk o do o rlax?... Would you rahr b a lak or a rvr?... Wha would you lk o chang mos abou h world?... Hav you vr lovd anyon who ddn' lov you back?... Who would b your prfc marrag parnr?... Wha ar h mos mporan quals n a wf/husband?... Who would you lk o play you n h mov of your lf?... Hav you vr sn a ghos?... Do you blv n lf afr dah?... Hav you vr fl as f you wr gong mad?... Wha maks you happy?... Do you hav any rgrs?... Wha has bn h lows pon n your lf?... PHOTOCOPIABLE Wha hlps you hrough dffcul ms?... Do you fnd asy or hard o rus popl?... Wha do you do f you vr fl lonly?... Wha would you do f you found a wall on h sr?... If you could hav hr wshs, wha would hy b?... * Add som mor qusons f you would lk o. Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 10 Prsonaly char Wr h characrs nams along h op of h char. Pu cks n appropra boxs for ach characr. Whn you hav fnshd, dscuss wh a parnr your rasons for your opnons. Mak anohr char wh dffrn words or phrass f you wsh. Quals Nams of h characrs n h book PHOTOCOPIABLE pan mpuous snsbl rash cauous srous funny advnurous brav voln md clvr foolsh affcona passona cold vvacous xcabl qu dull connd msrabl chrful nrvous rslss calm hons dshons fussy obsna charmng man grdy gnrous knd crul arrogan humbl srn malcous Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 11 Characrs on ral Your achr wll dca som snncs abou a characr o you. You ar ha characr. You should say whhr you ar guly or no guly and gv an xplanaon for ach charg. (Nam)...you ar chargd wh h followng: 1... 2... 3... 4... How do you plad and wha s h rason? 1 2 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE 4 Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 12 Essnal ms for a vs Imagn you ar gong for a holday o h plac whr h sory s s. Whch of hs hngs would you ak wh you and why? swmmng cosum boos hck coa umbrlla sunan ol ho war bol hrmos nwspapr gun orch pn papr bnoculars machs camra knf chocola playng cards rado mdcns a good novl guar mony bcycl wach n mobl phon candl dog calculaor lapop compur scky ap wg dary Mak your ls and gv your rasons blow: Thngs o ak: Why you would ak hm: PHOTOCOPIABLE Compar your ls wh a parnr. Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 13 Workng wh hms Whch of hs words ar rlvan o h sory? Choos 10 words and pu hm n ordr of mos o las mporan: ravl hrosm sa pan povry dah abus llnss mony craon rachry prjudc mysry anmals ha supdy war parn and chld frndshp sham famly dvorc brh dangr danc ragdy comdy prsuason volnc musc colour darknss nllgnc dsrucon crm rvng vl jalousy lov pac solaon passon powr undrsandng good suprnaural lgh counry cold msry rlgon fuur cruly lov cy kndnss marrag happnss naur ha rpon addcon grd Wr your ls blow. Whn you hav fnshd, compar your ls wh a parnr. B rady o xplan your chocs. PHOTOCOPIABLE Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999

Sudn s Worksh 14 Evaluang h book Compl hs qusonnar for yourslf or for a parnr. Dl h words whch do no apply. 1 Ovrall, I/... (nam of parnr) njoyd / dd no njoy hs book bcaus...... 2 I/... (nam of parnr) spcally lkd... (nam of characr) bcaus...... 3 I/... (nam of parnr) dd no lk... (nam of characr) bcaus...... 4... (nam of characr) rmndd m/... (nam of parnr) of... bcaus/whn...... 5 Th par of h book I/... (nam of parnr) lkd bs was...... bcaus...... 6 Th par of h book I/... (nam of parnr) lkd las was...... bcaus...... 7 Somhng I/...(nam of parnr) found nrsng n h book was...... 8 If I/... (nam of parnr) had bn h wrr, I/...(nam of parnr) would hav...... 9 I/... (nam of parnr) agr(s) / do(s) no agr wh h wrr's vw of... PHOTOCOPIABLE... bcaus...... 10 From hs book I/... (nam of parnr) hav/has larn...... 11 I/... (nam of parnr) hnk(s) hs book would / would no mak a good flm or TV srs bcaus...... Pngun Radrs Tachr s Gud o Prparng for FCE Parson Educaon Lmd 1999