(( Typical Personality in University Lecturer )) Prof. Yousif Hama Salih Mustafa Ph.D. in psychology (personality and mental health) Salahaddin university E-mail: yousifhsm@gmail.com Mob: 07504514924 June 2014 1
The contents :- 1-Personality, definition and importance. 2-Holanders model of personality. 3-Who is a typical human, according to the most important personality theories in Psychology? : A-Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) ( balance in the functions of the personality components or structure ) B-Alfred Adler (1870-1937) (inferiority feeling and life style ) C-Karl Rogers (1902-1987) (positive self concept) D-Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) (Hierarchy of needs and self- actualization ) 4- The general characteristics of superior personality. 5-The most important element in the personality of successful lecturer ( Interaction with the subject in the classroom) 2
6-personality maturity at university lecturer : A- Broad-minded, high activity and production. B- Fruitful giving, scientifically and educationally. C- Positive model to his student. 7-Successful characteristics of university lecturer according to Three criteria : ( A-Idea B-students C- Lecturer themselves ) 8- Who is successful lecturer in the university? should be professionally through : A- Respects students and Times. B- Seriousness and concern. C- Has the new knowledge always in his specialization. D- Desire and motivation. E- Has scientific and professional ethics (honestly, objectivity, no prejudice. ect) 3
.Personality, definition and its importance We all use this concept in our daily life to evaluate the others. For example, sometimes we say this person is strong or that is weak, or this is attractive person etc. Personality has been used by ancient Greece, they used as (persona). It means masks how to play role in our social life. There are many definitions of personality: a. general 1. the visible aspect of one's character as it impresses others: He has a pleasing personality. 2. a person as an embodiment of a collection of qualities: He is a curious personality. B. Psychology. 3.the sum total of the physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristics of an individual. 4. the organized pattern of behavioral characteristics of the individual. 5. the quality of being a person; existence as a self-conscious human being; personal identity. 6. the essential character of a person. (Trait) 4
In general personality is the outcome of the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Includes three aspects : Physical + psychological + social To understand personality deeply of any one, we have to have scientific information about these three aspects. 5
Importance of personality study 1. to answer many important questions about our human nature. 2. To understand ourselves (when you lose yourself you lose the world) 3. To understand the others 4. To solve problems created by man himself like (injustice, exploitation, wars, aggression, increase child bearing) 5. To make a positive communication with students and our colleagues in the university. 6
2.Holanders model of Personality 1979 7
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3. Who is a typical human, according to most important personality theories in psychology? a. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) (balance in the structure of personality) Founder of the psychodynamic approach According to Freud psychoanalytic (theory of personality) is composed of three elements; The ID + The Ego + The super Ego They all work together to create complex human behavior. 9
The ID Is driven by (pleasure principles) strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is the statue of anxiety or tension. The ID tries to resolve the tension through the primary process. This kind of behavior would be both disruptive and unacceptable by society. The ID is the primitive part of our personality. 10
The Ego Is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality, based on the (reality principle) which strives to satisfy the ID s desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways. The reality principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act. The Ego is a logical and reasonable part of our personality. 11
Super Ego Is the aspect of personality that holds all of our internalized moral, standards and ideals that we acquire from both parents and society (our sense of right and wrong) and begins to emerge at around age five, and provides guidelines for making judgments, the super Ego based on the (Ideal principle). 12
According to this theory, the typical personality who makes a good interaction between these three parts and to make a balance of those function, but we don t want the power of one of them at the expense of the other, but we need a person with good ego, the strength is able to effectively manage these pressures and requirements. According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a balance between the ID, the Ego, and the Super Ego. 13
b. Alfred Adler (1870-1937) He is a founder of the school of individual psychology. His emphasis is the importance of feeling inferiority. According to Adler inferiority feeling is necessary and the need of a human being (to be a human you must have the feeling of inferiority) But the inferiority complex is the problem of self- esteem and it has negative affects on human health. 14
Inferiority feeling moves and pushes us to struggle from negative to positive, from low to high and to success and excellence degree. The problem is how to full our gaps shortage? Which style has to be used for dealing with our life problems and stresses. There are ways or styles used by individuals such as avoidant, getting type, authority, aggression These are unsuccessful ways in dealing with the problems of like such as (job or work, love, and.etc.) 15
There is only one useful way called (socially useful type), the person here has social interests, and he thinks about others interests, he respects others, and respected by others. According to Adler s theory, the typical personality is the person who use socially useful ways when he deals with life problems or issues. 16
c. Karl Rogers (1902-1987) (Positive self- Concept) In Roger s theory centrality is given to (self), the part of experience that a person identifies as I or me. The approach of Rogers theory called phenomenological, this term with self means: 1. How do you look to yourself? 2. How do you look like to life? (how do you look to life?) 3. How do you see yourself though others? When the individuals answer these three questions realistically we realize to the truth of the phenomenological self of that person, and get to the truth of self-concept. 17
According to this information by the person, we can treat or offer psychological counseling when he need it. As a result of evaluation by parents, teachers, and other significant person. So others begin to affect children s self- evaluation. This self-experience becomes a part of the (self-concept), which is the way one thinks about himself. According to Rogers, personality shaped party by the actualizing tendency and partly by others evaluation. 18
Self-concept influence our likes when we suppose to like, and on our behavior when we suppose to behave. Positive self-concept means high selfesteem, the person through that can hold a healthy personality and behave in a positive way with others, and he tries always to enhance himself and to move forward both in his work(job) or in his general life. 19
d. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) hierarchy of needs and self-actualiztaion He is one of the famous genius in humanist psychology. Maslow s hierarchy needs has been arranged in a sequence of stages from primitive to advanced. At the bottom of this hierarchy, there are basic biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. They must be satisfied before any other needs, then can begin to operate. 20
When biological needs are pressing, and when other needs are on hold. Unlikely could influence our actions, but when they are reasonably well satisfied, the needs at the next level safety needsmotivate us. The same rule for the transition from one level to another, as illustrated in the figure: 21
The typical personality and the most successful one is Maslow s hierarchy of needs. Self- Actualization Morality Creativity Spontaneity Problem-solving Lack of prejudice Acceptance of facts safety Esteem Love/ belonging physiological Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respected by others Friendship, family, sexual intimacy Security of body, employment, resources, family, health, property Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion 22
A self- actualising person who is; Self-aware/ self-accepting Socially responsive/ creative/ spontaneous Democratic structure/ have meaningful goals 23
4. The general characteristics of superior personality are: 1. openness to new ideas and people. 2. Have self-interest, to others and natural world. 3. The ability to unify the negative experiences and to be attached to self. 4. Creativity (to have a new and useful idea, project) 5. The ability for fruitful production. 6. The ability to love (himself, others, life, and nature). 24
5. The most important elements in personality of successful lecturer is an: Interaction with the subject in the classroom. There are other important elements of this interaction between lecturer + subject + student as shown in the figure below: 25
Elements of interaction with the subject in the classroom Lecturer Mutual interaction Elements: Interact with 1. Experience 2. Activity and vitality 3.Makes subject interesting 4. Examples of life Students 5. Tools of clarification 6. Gives students and opportunity to interact. Direct to Subject, lesson 26
6. Mature personality of the University lecturer According to Argyyers theory (1923-2013) Everybody when starts with any job, he has immature personality in that job. To be a mature personality in your job you have to have: a. Broad mined, high activity, and production. b. Fruitful giving (scientifically and educationally). c. Positive model to the students (behaviorally, morally, how to deal with the students? ) 27
7. Successful characteristics of university Ideal lecturer according to three criteria Students lecturer 28
Ideal According to this criteria, lecturer should be good every time (always): Situation, controlling himself, justice (fair) and rightful, reasonable, modest, knows all the answers. Optimistic and so on. 29
Students What they want from the teacher or lecturer: Collaboration, empathy, fun and lovable, loves students and estimates their opinions, no prejudice, and no discrimination. (the ability to clarify the difficult information) 30
Lecturer Trust students and respect him, warm behavior, no prejudice, well and competence in his specialization, controlling emotional stability. 31
8. Who is successful lecturer in the university? Should be professional: a. Respect students and the time. b. Seriousness and concern. c. Has the new knowledge always in his specialization. d. Desire and motivation. e. Has scientific and professional ethics (honesty, objectivity, no prejudice.etc.) 32
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