Vision and Key Features for 5 th Generation (5G) Cellular

Vision and Key Features for 5 th Generation (5G) Cellular Jan 2014 Howard Benn Head of Standards and Industrial Affairs Samsung R&D Institute UK

Intro to Samsung in the UK Samsung Electronics has made the UK it s base for European 5G research SRUK - Established in 1991 in the UK, ~170 staff - Based in Staines upon Thames - Branches in Finland (newly established), Netherlands Founding member of the 5GIC - UK-government backed centre for collaborative R&D in 5G, led by University of Surrey s Communications Research Centre (Flagship Project) Prof. Rahim Tafazolli - GBP 15 million UK government funding - GBP 20 million funding from industry - Samsung is a founding member Hub for European research - Samsung member of Net!Works 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 2 - Actively contributing to the Horizon 2020 program through the 5G PPP

5G Vision 2013 Samsung DMCR&D Communications Research Team 3

5G Service Vision Wearable/Flexible Mobile Device Ubiquitous Health Care Mobile Cloud 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 4 UHD Video Streaming Smart Map/Navigation Real-Time Interactive Game

Milions 10 20 30 40 Mobile Smartphone Subs Percentage 0 Smartphone LTE Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber 54,143,992 23,993,469 35,946,051 44.3 66.4 01/12/201 01/02/2012 01/04/2012 01/06/2012 01/08/2012 01/10/2012 01/12/2012 01/02/2013 01/04/2013 01/06/2013 LTE 20 40 60 80 Peta byte / month Total 0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 GByte / Month LTE 3G 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team Note service : Operators until Jan 13 did not provide unlimited data plan for LTE 5 Mobile Traffic Explosion in Korean Market (July 2013) Korean smartphone growth Korean mobile data Average data usage per subscriber

5G Key Performance Targets Providing Gigabit Experience to Users Anywhere 50 Gbps 50Gbps1) 1 Gbps384 00 Kbps2) 14 07 Mbps1) 10 Mbps2) 751 Gbps1)6Gbps2) 18 1 ms 10 ms 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications A Research Team 6 5G Performances PeakData Rate > 50 Gbps More than x50 over 4G Year 1) 2) Theoretical Peak Data Rate Data Rate of First Commercial Products Latency < 1 msec Tenth of 4G Latency Latency QoE 4G QoE 5G Anywhere 1 Gbps Cell Edge BS Locations BS Locations Uniform Experience Regardless of Location

Technical Limit of Current LTE-Adv Fundamental restriction to increase performance of current IMT - Limit in expanding bandwidth: Carrier aggregation degrades system performance - Limit in increasing the number of antenna Challenges of Carrier Aggregation Multiple simultaneous Rx/TxChains at MS Switch loss (1dB per switch) Power amplifier & antenna inefficiency Impact of the number of antenna in current mobile form-factor 1.56 bps/hz 6.27 bps/hz 9.43 bps/hz (2 Antenna) (32Antenna) (64 Antenna) TX Structure for Inter-band CA BS antenna (H x V) 2Hx1V, (0.5λ) 32Hx1V, (0.5λ) UE Rx Avg. throughput (bps/hz) Edge throughput (bps/hz) 2 1.51 0.029 1 6.27 0.252 64Hx1V, (0.5λ) 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 7 3GPP TR 36.912 v.10.0.0 Figure 11.3.2-1 1 9.43 0.446 Practical limitation in the implementation of MIMO -Isolation distance: 5 cm @ 3GHz -Size for 32 Antenna (1 dimension): 170 cm @ 3GHz

5G Key Enabling Technologies 2013 Samsung DMCR&D Communications Research Team 8

5G Key Enabling Technologies (1/2) Disruptive Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancement mmwave System Tech. Adv. Small Cell Fixed1 Gbps Mobile100 Mbps Fixed >50 Gbps Mobile5 Gbps Previous virtual cell No cell boundary 4G frequencies Frequency band New higher frequencies Updated user-centric virtual cell Adv. Coding & Modulation Device-to-Device (D2D) Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Time/Frequency/Space 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 9 Orthogonal Multiple Access Time/Frequency/Space Filter-bank Multi-carrier Enhancing areal spectral efficiency

5G Key Enabling Technologies (1/2) Disruptive Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancement mmwave System Tech. Adv. Small Cell Fixed1 Gbps Mobile100 Mbps Fixed >50 Gbps Mobile5 Gbps Previous virtual cell No cell boundary 4G frequencies Frequency band New higher frequencies Updated user-centric virtual cell Adv. Coding & Modulation Device-to-Device (D2D) Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Time/Frequency/Space 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 10 Orthogonal Multiple Access Time/Frequency/Space Filter-bank Multi-carrier Enhancing areal spectral efficiency

5G Key Enabling Technologies (2/2) Disruptive Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancement Enhanced Flat NW IWK/Integration w/ Wi-Fi Adv. MIMO/BF Half-wavelength Interference Management Large scale Multi-antenna 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 11. Interference alignment

mmwave Channel Propagation & Measurements 2013 Samsung DMCR&D Communications Research Team 12

Spectrum Candidates Candidates for Large Chunks of Contiguous Spectrum - 13.4~14 GHz, 18.1~18.6 GHz, 27~29.5 GHz, 38~39.5 GHz, etc. Higher Frequency Candidates ITU EESS FSS RL MS FS FSS MS FS FSS MS FS FSS 27.5 29.5 31.3 33.8 38.6 40 41 42.5 26.5 29.5 31.3 33.4 40.2 42.5 13.4 14 18.1 18.6 27 29.5 38 39.5 Current Usage US: LMDS, FSS EU: Fixed P-P link, FSS earth sta. China: Mobile, FSS Korea : Marine time use 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 13 EESS (Earth Exploration-Satellite Service) FSS (Fixed Satellite Service) RL (RadioLocationservice), MS (Mobile Service) FS (Fixed Service) P-P (Point to Point) LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Services). Current Usage US: Fixed P-P system EU: Fixed P-P link Korea : None MOBILE Primary No MOBILE

Friis Equation in Free Space (or why my TV aerial is big) Measurement of Path-loss Same Size of Rx Aperture Captures Same Rx Power Regardless of Frequency Distance [m] Patch Antenna @ 3 GHz Path-loss (db) Distance (m) 60 mm 60 mm Array Antenna @ 30 GHz 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team. 14 60 mm 60 mm

Precipitation Loss (what happens if it rains really hard) Rain Attenuation at 28GHz is Approx. 4 db at 200 m even in 110 mm/hrintensity Precipitation Loss 100-year recurrence 1-hour rain intensity is approx. 110 mm/hr(seoul, Korea) 100-year recurrence 1-hour rain intensity is approx. 70 ~ 127 mm/hr(us Eastern) 100 Year Recurrence 1-hour Rain Intensity (US Eastern) New York : 69.85 mm/hr Washington : 76.2 mm/hr 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 15 Florida : 127 mm/hr [Ref.] http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ohd/hdsc/on-line_reports/ [Ref.] M. Marcus and B. Pattan. Millimeter wave propagation: spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Magazine, June 2005. [Attenuation due to Rain]

Does it go through trees Loss in Dense Foliage Is Non-Negligible, But Other Paths Are Expected in Urban Environments Foliage Loss 28 GHz shows additional 3.3 db loss for 2 m foliage and 8.6 db for 10 m foliage compared to 2.8GHz -In urban environments, other reflection paths are highly expected from surroundings Empirical relationship for loss :.3 0.6 L 0.2 0 foliage = f D db where f : frequency in MHz, D : depth of foliage transverse in meters (D < 400 m) 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team. 16 [Ref.] M. Marcus and B. Pattan. Millimeter wave propagation: spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Magazine, June 2005.

Chassis / Hand / Power Absorption Effect of Chassis/Hand/Head Could Be Compensated with Beamsteering Array High Frequency Beamforming Reduces Power Penetration/Absorption through Skin Chassis / Hand-held Effect Chassis/hand impact on gain and pattern Bare PCB Package Power Absorption Low penetration and absorption due to high frequency beamforming 1.9 GHz Omni-Antenna w/o head w/ head Various antenna locations and BF patterns can overcome these effects 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 1Penetration 2Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.016, 0.15, MAX = = 90 2.11 mw/g mw/g17 Broadside Beamforming Endfire Beamforming Penetration depth = 40~45 mm, Average = 0.29, MAX = 1 mw/g 28 GHz Beamforming 1 2 1 2 1 2

Channel Measurement Sub-Urban Similar Path-loss Exponent& Smaller Delay Spread Measured(w.r.t current cellular bands) - Measurements were made by using horn-type antennas at 28 GHz and 38 GHz in 2011 Samsung Campus, Korea LOS NLOS Path Loss Exponent 2.22 3.69 RMS Median 4.0 34.2 Delay Spread [ns] 99% 11.4 168.7 Tx(10 o ) Rx (60 o ) 28 GHz UT Austin Campus, US University LOS NLOS TX of Texas at Austin, Path Loss Exponent 2.21 3.18 RMS Median 1.9 15.5 Delay Spread [ns] 99% 13.7 166 Tx(7.8 o Rx (49 ) o ) 37.6 GHz Received power [dbm] 0-10 -20-30 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 18-40 -50-60 -70 5 [Received Power] Received power for 10->60 10 1 10 2 Distance [m] LOS n=2.22, s=4.18db NLOS-best n=3.69, s=3.58db NLOS-all n=4.20, s=7.38db * Reference : Prof. Ted Rappaport, UT Austin, 2011 [Received Power]

Channel Measurement Dense Urban Slightly Higher But Comparable Path Loss Measured in New York City in 2012 New York, Manhattan, US Reference : Prof. Ted Rappaport, NYU, 2012 - T. S. Rappaport et.al. Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work!, IEEE Access Journal, May 2013 LOS NLOS Path Loss Exponent 1.68 4.58 Delay Spread [ns] Expected to be larger than the previous, But to be stillsmaller than current bands Tx (10 o ) Rx (10 o ) 28GHz 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 19 [New York, Manhattan NY University] [Path Loss]

mmwavebf Prototype & Test Results 2013 Samsung DMCR&D Communications Research Team 20

mmwave BF Prototype Overview World s First mmwave Mobile Technology - Adaptive array transceiver technology operating in the millimeter-wave frequency bands for outdoor cellular mmwave BF Prototype Carrier Frequency Bandwidth Max. Tx Power Beam width(half Power) 27.925 GHz 500 MHz 37 dbm 10 o Base Station 8x8 (=64) Antenna Elements Mobile Station 66 mm 66 mm Array Antenna Downlink Tx Uplink Tx 44 mm 51 mm Array Antenna 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 21 Baseband Modem RF + Array Antenna DM (Diagnostic Monitor ) RF + Array Antenna Baseband Modem

Test Results of mmwave BF Prototype Performance Tests of mmwave OFDM Prototype - OFDM system parameters designed for mmwavebands - Indoor & outdoor measurements performed for data rates and transmission ranges System Parameters & Test Results PARAMETER VALUE PARAMETER VALUE REMARKS Carrier Frequency Bandwidth 27.925 GHz 500 MHz Supported Data Rates 1,056Mbps 528Mbps 264Mbps Duplexing Array Antenna Size TDD 8x8 (64 elements) 8x4 (32 elements) Max Tx Range Up to 2km @ LoS >10 db Tx power headroom Beam-width (Half Power) 10 o 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 22 Channel Coding Modulation LDPC QPSK / 16QAM Full-HD UHD & Full-HD Video Streaming 4K UHD Measurements with DM

Test Results Range Outdoor Line-of-Sight (LoS) Range Test - Error free communications possible at 1.7 km LoS with > 10dB Tx power headroom - Pencil BF both at transmitter and receiver supporting long range communications LoS Range Support wide-range LoScoverage 16-QAM (528Mbps) : BLER 10-6 QPSK (264Mbps) : Error Free Suwon Campus, Korea Base - 1710m LOS 측정 자료로 Station 수정 예정 1.7 km 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 23 Mobile Station BLER : Block Error Rate QPSK : Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QAM : Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Test Results Mobility Outdoor Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) Mobility Tests - Adaptive Joint Beamforming& Tracking Supports 8 km/h Mobility even in NLOS Mobility Support in NLoS Mobility support up to 8 km/h at outdoor NLoS environments 16-QAM (528Mbps) : BLER 0~0.5% QPSK (264Mbps) : Error Free Base Station [ DM Screen during Mobility Test] 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 24 Mobile Station

Test Results Building Penetration Outdoor-to-Indoor Penetration Tests - Most Signals Successfully Received at Indoor MS from Outdoor BS - Outdoor-to-indoor penetration made through tinted glasses and doors Outdoor to Indoor #1 Signal measured inside office on 7thFL of R2 - QPSK : BLER 0.0005~0.6% (Target : < BLER 10%) Outdoor to Indoor #2 Signal measured inside the lobby at R4 - QPSK : BLER 0.0005~0.3% (Target : < BLER 10%) R4 MS MS R2 160 m BS 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 25 R1 R2 BS